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Calanoida ( Order ) |
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Clausocalanoidea ( Superfamily ) |
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| Tharybidae Sars, 1902 ( Clausocalanoidea ) | | Ref.: | Sars, 1902 (1903) (p.66); Gurney, 1931 a (p.85); Rose, 1933 a (p.164); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.83, 275); Vervoort, 1957 (p.96, Rem.); Fleminger, 1957 a (p.347, 349: clé des G.); Tanaka, 1960 a (p.126); Andronov, 1974 a (p.1005); Schulz, 1981 (p.169); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.9); Razouls, 1982 (p.380); 1993 (p.311); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.144, 147); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.123, Def.); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.419); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.920); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.881, 903, 904, 934); Ohtsuka & Huys, 2001 (p.461); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.12, 15; 209: Def., Clé des Genres, Rem.); Ferrari & Markhaseva, 2005 (p.45, Rem.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.857, part. Key G.); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.103, Table 1, Fig.2, 3, 4, Biol. mol, phylogeny)
Bradford-Grieve J.M., (2002 onwards). Key to calanoid copepod families. Version 1 : 2 oct 2002. http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/calanoida/index.htm  | | Rem.: | On the occasion of the description of a new genus Parundinella, Fleminger (1957) reviews the taxonomic status of the family Tharybidae, included in the Isokerandria by Sars (1902). The author thinks that this family places itself naturally in the superfamily Paracalanina of Gurney (1931) and believes that the section, established by Sars is inadequate. Considering the relation between the genera, the author concludes that Pseudotharybis should be removed from this family, and notes the analogies with the genus Drepanopsis.
Undinella primitively included among the Scolecitrichidae has been removed from it by Brodsky (1950) who places it in the Tharybidae family.
The position of Bradford (1973, p.147) concerning certain genera and removed forms from the Phaennidae and the Scolecitrichidae, as well as the relations between the four families constituting the superfamily Paracalanidae is not clearly affirmed. She suggests either the creation of new families, or a grouping of all the Paracalanina comprising also the very distant Paracalanidae from the others. The families should be placed in the superfamily Pseudocalanoidea, the most evolved, arguing about the fact that taking into account the irreversibility of the evolutive mechanisms, the taxa that have lost some character descend from taxa having conserved them or of a common ancester.
For previous authors the family comprises 6 genera: Parundinella Fleminger, 1957; Tharybis Sars, 1902; Undinella Sars, 1900, to which we may tampt to add Pseudophaenna Sars, 1902; Neoscolecithrix Canu, 1896; and probably Parascaphocalanus Brodsky, 1955. The following species could be removed from the Scolecitrichidae and Phaennidae (Bradford, 1973) and included in the Tharybidae: Scolecithricella neptuni , Xanthocalanus paraincertus , X. hispidus , X. macrocephalon , X. paululus , Amallothrix robustipes , Amallothrix sp . Roe,1975. If Neoscolecithrix harmonises well with the characters defining the family, Pseudophaenna limits its precision and Tharybis and Undinella are difficult to separate. Schulz & Beckmann (1995, p.199) add the new genus Rythabis.
Vyshkvartzeva, 1999 (2000) (p.217-218) considers the genus Neoscolecithrix as belonging to the Scolecitrichidae family ('N.' antarctica, 'N.' farrani, 'N.' watersae).
Bradford-Grieve (2001) creates the genus Cenognatha with as type species Neoscolecithrix antarctica.
Andronov (2002, p.2) notices that the genera placed in this family are questionable.
Ohtsuka, Boxshall & Fosshagen (2003, p.61-62) judge that the family (sensu stricto) incorporates only three genera: Parundinella, Tharybis, Undinella; the case of Pseudophaenna remains uncertain in this family, the other genera (*), included in this family by various authors, should be considered as closer to the Scolecitrichidae (paraphyletic). Boxshall & Halsey (2004 (p.96) believe that the genus Pseudophaenna should be transferred to the Diaxidae family.
3 genera (+ 5 species incertae sedis).
The types of setae on the ramus of Mx2 include this family in the 'Bradfordian' grioup of families. | | | | (*) Cenognatha Bradford-Grieve, 2001 | |
| | Ref.: | Bradford-Grieve, 2001 a (p.792); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287) | | Rem.: | type: Neoscolecithrix antarctica. 1 sp. (provisionally). Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.285) includes in this genus the two species Neoscolecithrix caetanoi and N. farrani. Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.186). Cf. Scolecitrichidae (largo sensu). | | | | (*) Neoscolecithrix Canu, 1896 (part.) | |
| | Syn.: | Oothrix Farran, 1905 (p.42); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.67); Rose, 1933 a (p.140) | | Ref.: | Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.225); Fosshagen, 1972 a (p.1); Bradford, 1973 (p.147, 149, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.369); Bradford & al., 1983 (Déf., p.123); Hulsemann, 1985 a (p.55, Rem.: 2 groupes); Alvarez, 1985 a (p.197, Rev., 2 groupes: 'koehleri', 'farrani' ); Razouls, 1993 (p.311); Mauchline, 1998 (p.90: M); Vyshkvartzeva, 1999 (2000) (p.217-218); Bradford-Grieve, 2001 a (p.781, 791, Def.); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.185, 210: Rem.) | | Rem.: | type: Neoscolecithrix koehleri Canu,1896. Ohtsuka, Boxshall & Fosshagen (2003, p.61-62) believe that this genus belongs (largo sensu) to Scolecitrichidae. | | | | Paratharybis Tanaka, 1937 | |
| | Ref.: | Tanaka, 1937 (p.264); Vervoort, 1957 (p.96, Rem.) | | Rem.: | Cf. Undinella | | | | (1) Parundinella Fleminger, 1957 | |
| | Ref.: | Fleminger, 1957 a (p.348); Bradford, 1973 (p.147); Schulz, 1981 (p.169); Razouls, 1982 (p.370, 384); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.123, Def.); Razouls, 1993 (p.311); Mauchline, 1998 (p.82, 90: M; p.84, 87: F); Andronov, 2002 (p.3, 26, clé des spp.); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287); Ohtsuka & al., 2003 (p.62: Rem.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.210); Markhaseva & Renz, 2011 (p.67, Rem.) | | Rem.: | 4 spp.: | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 0,876 mm (n= 4; S= 0,085; Cv= 0,097) and the mean male size is 0,797 mm (n= 3; S= 0,055; Cv= 0,069). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,891 or 89,1 % (n= 3; S= 0,094; Cv= 0,105). | | | | Pseudophaenna Sars, 1902 | | Ref.: | Sars,1902 (1903) (p.43); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.57); Rose, 1933 a (p.126); Bradford, 1973 (p.138, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.287, 368); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.123, Déf., p.126); Razouls, 1993 (p.311); Vyshkvartzeva, 2001 (p.77: Rem.); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287) | | Rem.: | Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.96) transfer this genus to the Diaixidae family. | | | | (*) Rythabis Schulz, 1995 | |
| | Ref.: | in Schulz & Beckmann, 1995 (p.199); Mauchline, 1998 (p.84: F); Ohtsuka & al., 2003 (p.61-62: Rem.); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.185, 186) | | Rem.: | Cf. Scolecitrichidae | | | | | Ref.: | Sars, 1902 (1903) (p.67); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.86); Rose, 1933 a (p.164); Tanaka, 1960 a (p.127); Andronov, 1976 (p.1903); Schulz, 1981 (p.170, Rev.); Razouls, 1982 (p.383); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.309); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.123, 126, Déf., Rem.); Razouls, 1993 (p.311); Mauchline, 1998 (p.81, 90: M; p.84, 87: F); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.935: clé spp.); Andronov, 2002 (p.3, clé des spp.); Ohtsuka & al., 2003 (p.62: Rem.); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287); Ferrari & Markhaseva, 2005 (p.33, Rem.: p.45); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.210); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.858, spp. Key); Markhaseva & Renz, 2011 (p.67, 68, Rem.) | | Rem.: | type: Tharybis macrophthalma . 22 spp.: | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 1,298 mm (n= 13; S= 0,218; Cv= 0,168) and the mean male size is 1,263 mm (n= 9; 0,280; Cv= 0,222). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,94 or 94 % (n= 9; S= 0,059; Cv= 0,063) |  issued from : F.D. Ferrari & E.L. Markhaseva in Plankton Biol. Ecol., 2005, 52 (1). [p.46, Table 1]. Tharybis species with characters of setae on the 2nd lobe of basis plus ramus of Mx2 and on the three praecoxal lobes of the Mxp. Source from different authors and from Frerrari & Markhaseva (Here). Nota: Bradford (1973) was the first to emphasize the kind (worm-like or brush-like) and number of modified setae associated with the ramus of Mx2 in families that are now alled bradfordian: Diaixidae, Phaennidae, Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae, with Parkiidae established latter. The ultrastructure of worm-like and brush-like setae in a few species has been elucidated and a chemosensory function to facilitate detritivory has been proposed by Nishida & Ohtsuka (1997). Within Tharybis, variability has been observed in number, 7 to 9 (see Table 1). If 9 setae are assumed present on the ancestral Tharybis, and worm-like and brush-like setae are transformed from sclerotized setae, then 3 worm-like, 5 brush-like, 1 sclerotized might be considered ancestral with 3 worm-like, 6 brush-like the first derivative, and 3 worm-like, 5 brush-like the second derived state, assuming the same seta has been lost among all species with only 8 setae. | | | | | | Syn.: | Paratharybis Tanaka, 1937 | | Ref.: | Sars, 1900 (p.51); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.67); Rose, 1933 a (p.142); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.276); Vervoort, 1957 (p.96, Rem.); Tanaka, 1960 a (p.129); Andronov, 1976 (p.1903); Schulz, 1981 (p.169); Razouls, 1982 (p.380); Bradford & al., 1983 (Rem.: p.123,127); Razouls, 1993 (p.311); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.920); Mauchline, 1998 (p.87: F; p.90, 93: M); Andronov, 2002 (p.7, 62, clé spp.); Ohtsuka & al., 2003 (p.62: Rem.); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.210); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.864, spp. Key); Markhaseva & Renz, 2011 (p.67, Rem.) | | Rem.: | type: Undinella oblonga Sars,1900. 9 spp. + 1 indet. | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 2,039 mm (n= 7; S= 0,641; Cv= 0,314) and the mean male size is 1,699 mm (n= 6; S= 0,611; Cv= 0,359). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,847 or 84,7 % (n= 5; S= 0,102; Cv= 0,120). | | | | (4) incertae sedis (Tharybidae) | |
| | Rem.: | The following species would belong to this family:
[1] "Amallothrix" robustipes Grice & Hulsemann,1965 (F)
Syn.: ? Xanthocalanus paululus Park, 1970 (p.497); Roe, 1975 (p.364)
Ref.: Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.239, Descr.F, figs.F); 1967 (p.16); Bradford, 1973 (p.147, Rem.); Roe, 1975 (p.365, Rem.); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.123, Rem.)
Loc.: Atlant. NE (off Canaries-Açores-), ? Is. du Cap Vert, ? G. du Mexique, Indien W
N: 2
Lg.: (226) F: 1,13; {F: 1,13}
Xanthocalanus groenlandicus Tupitzky,1982 (F,M)
Ref.: Tupitzky, 1982 (p.297, figs.F,M); Kosobokova & al., 1955 (p.194)
Loc.: Arct., mer de Laptev
Lg.: (453) F: 1,5-1,4; M: 1,4; {F: 1,40-1,50; M: 1,40}
Rem.: Campaner, 1983 (comm. pers.): Cf. ? Tharybis. Voir spp. inc. sedis
[2] “Xanthocalanus” hispidus Grice & Hulsemann,1967 (F)
Syn.: No Xanthocalanus paululus Park, 1970 (p.497, figs.F)
Ref.: Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.25, Descr.F, figs.F); Bradford, 1973 (p.139, Rem.); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.71, 123, 127)
Loc.: Indien W
N: 1
Lg.: (67) F: 1; {F: 1,00}
Rem.: ? Cf. Undinella
Xanthocalanus macrocephalon Grice & Hulsemann,1970 (F)
Ref.: Grice & Hulsemann, 1970 (p.191, Descr.F, figs.F); Bradford, 1973 (p.139, 147, Rem.); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.127); Schulz & Beckmann, 1995 (p.210, Rem.)
Loc.: off Woods Hole
N: 1
Lg.: (200) F: 1,12-1,06; {F: 1,06-1,12}
Rem.: Cf. Tharybis
Xanthocalanus paraincertus Grice & Hulsemann,1965 (F)
Ref.: Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (part., p.235, Descr.F, figs.F); Bradford, 1973 (p.139, 147, Rem.); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.127, Rem.); Schulz & Beckmann, 1995 (p.210, Rem.)
Loc.: Atlant. NE (locality not specified)
N: 1
Lg.: (226) F: 1,61-1,15; {F: 1,15-1,61}
Rem.: abyssopelagic. Cf. Tharybis
“Xanthocalanus” paululus Park,1970 (F,M)
Ref.: Park, 1970 (p.497, Descr.F, figs.F); Bradford, 1973 (p.139, 147, Rem.); Roe, 1975 (p.364, Descr.F,M, figs.F,M, Rem.); Bradford, 1983 (p.127, Rem.)
Ref. compl.: Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.110)
Loc.: Is. du Cap Vert, Mer des Caraïbes, G. du Mexique
N: 3
Lg.: (8) F: 1,29-1,14; M: 1,37-1,29; (88) F: 1,28-1,22; {F: 1,14-1,29; M: 1,29-1,37}
Rem.: No “Xanthocalanus” hispidus. ? Cf. Undinella. Cf.: Brodskius paululus
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Razouls C., de Bovée F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2013. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
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