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Calanoida ( Order ) |
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Clausocalanoidea ( Superfamily ) |
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Clausocalanidae ( Family ) |
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Pseudocalanus ( Genus ) |
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Pseudocalanus elongatus (Boeck, 1865) (F,M) | |
| | | | | | | Syn.: | Clausia elongata Boeck,1864; Bourne, 1889 (p.146, Rem.);
Calanus clausii Boeck,1865;
Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus Farran & Vervoort, 1951 e (n°37, p.3, figs.F,M); Hernroth, 1978 (p.1, Rem.: p.5);
Pseudocalanus minutus : Conover, 1959 (p.259, Table 1, 2, respiration, Rem.: p.260);
no syn. de Lucullus acuspes Giesbrecht,1881; Grice, 1962 a (p.101, 102); Marques, 1966, p.3);
no Pseudocalanus elongatus : Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.112, figs.F,M); ? Nakai, 1955 (p.12, chemical composition); ? Kolosova, 1975 (p.92, fig.3, Table 1); Geletin, 1977 (p.82, figs.F,M); ? Morris, 1970 (p.2300); ? Morioka, 1972 a (p.314); ? Shih & Young, 1995 (p.72);
Pseudocalanus : Harris & al., 1986 (p.845, Table 2, comparison pump v.s. net);
Pseudocalanus elongatus minutus : Bathmann & Liebezeit, 1986 (p.59, faecal pellets- chlorophyll incorporated) | | | | Ref.: | | | Brady, 1878 (figs.F,M, Rem.); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.197, figs.F,M); Karavaev, 1894 (figs.F,M, Rem.); Sars, 1901 a (1903) (p.20, figs.F,M); Mràzek, 1902 (p.507, figs.F, Rem.); Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.233, 244); Farran, 1908 b (p.28); Lysholm, 1913 (p.5); With, 1915 (p.57, Rem.); Pesta, 1920 (p.504); Adler & Jespersen, 1920 (p.5); Sars, 1925 (p.27); Farran, 1926 (p.242); Rose, 1929 (p.16); 1933 a (p.79, figs.F,M); Massuti Alzamora, 1942 (p.88, figs.F, Rem.); Sewell, 1951 (p.351, Rem.: parasites); Corkett, 1968 (p.51, fig.N, Rem.N, juv.); Corkett & McLaren, 1978 (p.6, Rem); Vives & al., 1981 (p.337); Klein Breteler, 1982 (p.1, figs. juv.); Schnack, 1982 (p.89, figs.Mx2, Md, Mxp); Sazhina, 1985 (p.43, figs. N); Frost, 1989 (p.535, Redescr., figs.F,M); McLaren & al., 1989 a (p.566); Sévigny & al., 1989 (p.321 & suiv.: genetic); Ferrari & Benforado, 1998 a (p.209, figs. juv., F,M); Bucklin & al., 2003 (p.335, tab. 2, fig.3, Biomol.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.93: figs.F,M); Conway, 2006 (p.10, 25, copepodite stages 1-6, Rem.); Unal & al., 2006 (p.1961, genetic analysis, Rem.); Ferrari & Dahms, 2007 (p.34, 35, Rem. N); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.635, figs.F,M, Rem.) |  issued from : B.W. Frost in Can. J. Zool., 1989, 67. [Fig.10, p.535]. Female: A, habitus (lateral view fom right side); B, anterior portion of cephalosome (lateral view from left side); C, Th1-Th3 (posteroventral margins from left side). Male: habitus (lateral view); E, anterior portion of ephalosome (lateral view from right side). All scale bars = 0.1 mm.
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 issued from : G.O. Sars in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. IV. Copepoda Calanoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1903. [Pl. X]. Female. M = Md; m = Mx1; mp1 = Mx2; Gen. S = genital segment (ventral view).
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 issued from : G.O. Sars in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. IV. Copepoda Calanoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1903. [Pl. XI]. Female & Male. mp1 = Mx2; mp2 = Mxp.
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 10, Fig.32]. Female: 32, P3 (anterior surface). B1 = coxa; B2 = basis; Ri3 = endopodal segment 3; Re2 = exopodal segment 3.
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 10, Fig.33]. Male: 33, Mx1. Li 1= inner lobe; (= arthrite) Le 1= outer lobe (= epipodite).
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 10, Fig.31]. Male: 31, P5 (anterior surface).
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 issued from : G. Drebes in Helgoländer Meeresunters., 1984, 37. [p.612, Fig.4]. Trophont of Dissodinium pseudocalani (Dinophytes Blastodiniales) sucking out egg of Pseudocalanus elongatus. Scale bar: 100 µm.
| | | | | Compl. Ref.: | | | Thompson, 1888 d (p.140); Carazzi & Grandori, 1912 (p.8, 38); ? Wilson, 1932 (p.29); Fleury, 1950 (p.47, fig.2); Dimov, 1964 b (p.33, Tableau 1); Urry, 1965 (p.49, feeding); Bodo & al., 1965 (p.219, annual cycle); Marshall & Orr, 1966 (p.513, 521, fig. I, 2, Table 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, feeding, respiration); Mazza, 1966 (p.70); 1967 (p.344, 356); Matthews, 1967 (p.159, Table 1, Rem.); Pertsova, 1967 (p.240); Porumb, 1968 (p.417); 1968 a (p.509); Corkett & Urry, 1968 (p.97, survival); Corner & Cowey, 1968 (p.393, Table I, amino acid composition); Greze & al., 1968 (p.1066, annual variation); Dimov, 1968 (p.506); Margineanu, 1968 a (p.421); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.44, 50, 61, 111, 243, 244, 266, 278); Kovalev, 1968 a (p.441, fig.1); 1969 a (p.159); Corkett & McLaren, 1969 (p.90, 101, egg production, , survival v.s. diet); Dowidar & El-Maghraby, 1970 (p.269); Paulmier, 1971 (p.168); Lefèvre-Lehoërff, 1972 (p.1681); Martens, 1972 (p.35, fecal pellets); Eriksson, 1973 (p.37, fig.10-13, annual cycle); 1973 b (p.113, 117); Porumb, 1976 (p.91); Paffenhöfer & Harris, 1976 (p.327, feeding); 1976 a (p.875, food concentration); Colebrook, 1978 (tab.1); Comaschi Scaramuzza, 1978 (p.13, vertical distribution); Longhurst & Williams, 1979 (p.1, Table IVb, V, vertical distribution); Hure & al., 1980 (p.297, 304); Kovalev & Schmeleva, 1982 (p.83); Castel & Courties, 1982 (p.417, Table II, spatial distribution); Thompson B.M., 1982 (p.35, growth, development); Hernroth, 1983 (p.835, Rem.: p.840); Chojnacki, 1983 a (p.435, length-weight, calculations); Chojnacki & Hussein, 1983 (p.53, Table 1, length-weight); Baars & Fransz, 1984 (p.120, Table 1, grazing); Baars & Oosterhuis, 1984 (p.97, diurnal feeding rhythms); Fransz & al., 1984 (p.86); Drebes, 1984 (p.603, 611, 619: parasitic dinophytes); Prygunkova, 1985 (p.9); Williams & Collins, 1985 (p.28); Colebrook, 1985 (p.261, tab.1, fig.2); Oosterhuis & Baars, 1985 (p.89, digestive enzymes); Groendahl & Hernroth, 1986 (tab.1); Brylinski, 1986 (p.457, spatial variations); Robinson & al., 1986 (p.201, seasonal distribution); Robinson & Hunt, 1986 (p.791, Table 1, 2, fig.2); Comaschi Scaramuzza, 1987 (tab.1); Vuorinen & Ranta, 1987 (tab.2, 4); Tiselius, 1988 (p.215, grazing); Brylinski & al., 1988 (p.503, size/spatial distribution); Aksnes & Magnesen, 1988 (p.57, population dynamic, production); Hay & al., 1988 (p.431, enclosed population dynamic); Kattner & Krause, 1989 (p.261, Table 6, lipids); Kosobokova, 1989 (p.27); Klein Breteler & al., 1990 (p.177, food vs length); Shushkina & Vinogradov, 1991 (p.719); Voss, 1991 (p.217, faecal pellets); Green & al., 1992 (p.1631, Nauplii-fecal pellets); Huntley & Lopez, 1992 (p.201, Table 1, A1, eggs, egg-adult weight, temperature-dependent production); Bautista & Harris, 1992 (p.41, ingestion rate, gut contents); Viitasalo, 1992 (tab.2); Mumm, 1993 (tab.1, fig.2); Munk & Nielsen, 1994 (p.1225, fig.4, predation); Hays & al., 1994 (tab.1); Harris, 1994 (p.431, ingestion & egestion); Klein Breteler & al., 1995 (p.99, Table 2, generation times); Hajderi, 1995 (p.542); Park & Choi, 1997 (Appendix); Mauchline, 1998 (tab.8, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 33, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 58, 61, 63, 64); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.100); Vigoni & al., 1998 (tab.2); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.111); Selifonova, 2000 (p.68, tab.1); Sautour & al., 2000 (p.531, Table II, abundance); d'Elbée, 2001 (tabl.1); Cotonnec & al., 2001 (p.693, Table III, IV, food selectivity); Fransz & Gonzalez, 2001 (p.255, tab.1); Holmes, 2001 (p.43, Rem.); Bressan & Moro, 2002 (tab.2); Kovalev, 2003 (p.47); Bode & al., 2003 (p.85, Table 1, abundance); Zagorodnyaya & al., 2003 (p.52); Shushkina & al., 2004 (p.524, tab.2); Rawlinson & al., 2005 (p.205, tidal exchange); Veistheim & al., 2005 (p.382, tab.2, fig.1); ? Ashjian & al., 2005 (p.1380: tab.2); Uriarte & Villate, 2005 (p.863, tab.I); Marques & al., 2006 (p.297, tab.III); De Olazabal & al., 2006 (p.966); Deibel & Daly; 2007 (p.271, Table 1, Rem.: Arctic polynyas); Albaina & Irigoien, 2007 (p.435: Tab.1); Chojnacki & al., 2007 (p.38, Table 2); Valdés & al., 2007 (p.103: tab.1); Busatto, 2007 (p.26, Tab.3); Stegert & al., 2007 (p.214); Moll & Stegert, 2007 (p.35, modelling); Isinibilir & al., 2008 (p.745: Tab.1); Cabal & al., 2008 (p.289, Table 1); Selifonova & al., 2008 (p.305, Tabl. 2); Shmeleva & al., 2008 (p.31, Table 1); Calliari & Tiselius, 2009 (p.111); Brylinski, 2009 (p.253, Tab.1); Stegert & al., 2009 (p.1, population dynamics); Eloire & al., 2010 (p.657, Table II, temporal variability); Drif & al., 2010 (p.159, Rem.: egg production); Zenetos & al., 2010 (p.397); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.425); Salah S. & al., 2011 (Tableau 1); Van Ginderdeuren & al., 2012 (p.3, Table 1); Zizah & al., 2012 (p.79, Tableau I) | | | | NZ: | 5 + 7 doubtful | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  issued from : B.W. Frost in Can. J. Zool., 1989, 67. [p.529, Fig.3].
Geographical distribution of Pseudocalanus spp. |
 issued from : P.S.B. Digby in J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 1950, 29. [p.398, Fig.2].
Life history of Pseudocalanus elongatus at station L (5 miles from Plymouth, English Channel).
A: abundance of copepodite stages; B: percentage distribution of stages; C: size-groups of adult females; D: suggested interpretation of generations (or cohorts) succession during the year (1947).
Correlate the size variations with the water temperature at station L4 (p.397, Fig.1).
The author deduces the succession of 5 generations. |
 issued from : P.S.B. Digby in J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 1950, 29. [p.397, Fig.1].
Temperature of the water at 1 and 30 m depth at station L4 (5 miles from Plymouth, English Channel) during 1947. x: surface readings from closer in-shore. |
 issued from : J.-M; Brylinski, D. Bentley & C. Quishoudt in J. Plankton Res., 1988, 10 (3). [p.507, Fig.5]. Lenth prosome histogramm (in mm) of Pseudocalanus elongatus females (F) in relation with the transect from Boulogne-sur-Mer to Dover, through the Dover Strait (stations 3, 5, 7, 10, 12).
Stations 3, 5 off Gris-nez cape, stations 7 and 10 in axis of the Dover Strait, station 12 off Dover.
The dotted line is arbitrary reference. Each stations equidistant. |
 issued from : S. Eriksson in ZOON, 1976, 4. [p.157, Fig.2].
Seasonal distribution of neritic copepod Pseudocalanus elongatus off Gothenburg, The Skattegatt. (Monthly means for adult specimens during 1968-1973; point : inshore, depth = 10 m; x: offshore, depth > 40 m.The species is very numerous from April to October, i.e. during the whole period when the water mass is stalilized both temperature and salinity stratifications. In concordance with this the species displays a wide optimum temperature range (4 to 17°C). This species is a spring to automn form on the Swedish west coast (the earlier mistake arising from the author erroneously judging the early occurrence of the species during 1968-69 to be normal). |
 issued from : S. Eriksson in ZOON, 1976, 4. [p.158, Fig.3, a].
Temperature occurrence of neritic copepod adult specimens Pseudocalanus elongatus off Gothenburg (Göteborg), The Skattegatt.
.Surface salinity of the investigation area varies around 25 p.1000 and the deep water slinity around 34 p.1000. There is a temperature stratification with surface water warmer than 10°C from May to October with maximum of 20°C in August. The coldest period is January to March with surface temperatures of 1-2°C. The deep water ranges between 5 and 10°C.
The hauls were horizontal at 2, 20, and 40 m.
Limits subjectively regarded as the optimum temperature range: 4-17°C. |
 issued from : S. Eriksson in ZOON, 1973, 1. [p.50, Fig.13].
Size distribution of adult females of Pseudocalanus elongatus (offshore station H6:11°30'N, 57°40'.5 E, The Kattegatt) during 1969-70 in the main series.
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 issued from : S. Eriksson in Mar. Biol., 1974, 26. [p.320, Figs. 2-3]
Salinity and temperature curves for main series at offshore station H6 (11°30'N, 57°40'.5 E, The Kattegatt) from March 1968 to November 1970. |
 issued from : P. Martens in M.S. Inst. Meeresk. Christian-Albrechts Univ., 1972. [p.39].
Numbers of fecal pellets (n) by width classes (Breite) (interval from 0.005 mm).
Nota: individuals in culture on Chaetoceros decipiens, C. socialis, Detonula cystifera, Skeletonema costatum and flagellates.
Mean size of fecal pellets: length = 143 ± 57 micrometers; width = 30 ± 8 micrometers; volume male = 120282 µ3; female = 118663 µ3 |
 issued from : J. Chojnacki in Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol., 1983, 68 (3). [p.436, Fig.1].
Length-weight relationship determined by geometrical method.
Lc = cephalothorax length; La = urosome length; Lan = antennula length; h : cephalothorax height; Ra = diameter of urosome cross-section; Ran = diameter of antennula cross-section.
A conversion factor of 1.025, reflecting the density (g per cm3) of the coastal Baltic water.
The correlation coefficient for the relationship studied was found to be about 0.96. |
 issued from : J. Chojnacki & M.M. Hussein in Zesz. nauk. Akad. Roln. Szczec., 1983, 103. [p.55, Fig.1].
Total length - weight relationship in selected copepod species (copepodites I to V and adults) from the eastern sector of the Southern Baltic Sea.
Animals preserved in 4 % formalin and lengths in different copepodites and adults stages measured under stereomicroscope. Volume et weight calculated according to the simplified formula (Chojnacki & al., 1980). The results in fig. 1 present mean Lt (total length values for different developmental stades (nauplii not examined) by season and area. |
 issued from : J. Chojnacki & M.M. Hussein in Zesz. nauk. Akad. Roln. Szczec., 1983, 103. [p.55, Fig.1].
Total length - weight relationship in selected copepod species (copepodites I to V and adults) from the eastern sector of the Southern Baltic Sea.
Animals preserved in 4 % formalin and lengths in different copepodites and adults stages measured under stereomicroscope. Volume et weight calculated according to the simplified formula (Chojnacki & al., 1980). The results in fig. 1 present mean Lt (total length values for different developmental stades (nauplii not examined) by season and area. |
 issued from : C.J. Corkett & I.A. McLaren in J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 1969 , 3. [p.102, Table I].
Egg production by Pseudocalanus elongatus (from outside Plymouth); in each experiment 10 dishes with 2 females in each dish were used.
Nota: Outside Plymouth, the females are not commonly found with attached eggs although these may have been detached by collecting methods. Females kept in the laboratory, in the same food and conditions used with the Halifax (Nova Scotia) populations of P. minutus, only rarely had egg sacs and masses attached ; 80 % of their eggs being found singly on the bottom of the culture dishes. Eggs had to be removed after counting, and there was the possibly that some eggs were eaten by females.
Eleven females from Plymouth kept in the laboratory and fed Isochrysis at 2 x 10 5 cells/ml of a positive correlation between female size and total numbers of egg laid in a lifetime ; it is not possible to say that the smaller number of females from Plymouth had achieved their maximum potential fecundity. The maximum number of eggs produced by a female of 0.66 mm lengthis 105 eggs, and another of 0.97 mm length produced 106 eggs. This is lower than the potential number estimated for a female from Halifax (Nova Scotia) producing 10 sacs of 18 eggs each. However, eggs from Plymouth females were 129.3 ± 1.7 µ, larger than the ± 120 µ estimated for females of the same size from Halifax. If volume corrections are taken into account, the two Plymouth females may have laid the equivalent of 7 sacs from Halifax P. minutus. |
| | | | Loc: | | | Congo (in Marques, 1966), ? Chesapeake Bay, ? Woods Hole, ? G. du Maine, Mauritania-Morocco, Cap Ghir (Maroc), Portugal, off Coruña, Bilbao & Urdaibai estuaries, G. de Gascogne, Arcachon Bay, Belon estuary, W Norway (Oslo fjord, Raunefjorden: all the year), Islande S, Ecosse, Irlande W, off Irlande SW, Lough Hyne, Bristol Channel, Norvège W, Bergen, Skagerrak, Gullmar Fjord, Kattegat, Arct. (bassin polaire, Nansen Basin), White Sea, Kandalaksha Bay, Mer de Barents, Manche, Roscoff, Morlaix estuary, Plymouth, Southampton, Pas de Calais, Mer du Nord, Dogger Bank, Kiel Bight, Texel, Baltic Sea, Médit. (Baléares, Adriatique, Venise, Po delta, G. de Trieste, Malte, Agigea (cosat), Mer de Marmara, Black Sea, Sebastopol, Black River estuary, Alexandrie), G. de Suez, Indien SE (in Chiba & al., 1957 a, p.11), ? Mer de Chine E, ? Corée, ? Mer du Japon, ? G. de Californie, ? Pacif. (sub-Arct.) | | | | N: | 157 ? | | | | Lg.: | | | (38) F: 1,3-1,25; (47) F: 1,63-1,18; M: 1,36-1,25; (65) F: 1,4; M: 1,1; (122) F: 1,77-1,11; M: 1,37-0,97; (354) F: 1,31-0,91; M: 1,2-0,91; (449) F: 1,4; M: 1,1; (796) F: 1,77-1,2; (1302) F: 1,062-0,745; M: 0,837-0,646; (1123) F: 1,05-0,82; M: 1,354-0,514; {F: 0,75-1,77; M: 0,51-1,37} | | | | Rem.: | epi-mesopelagic.
A confusion exists in the literature between the various forms of Pseudocalanus. It is difficult to specify the geographic locations, and in particular those concering the north American coasts (see Bigelow, 1926, p.275 & foll.) and the Pacific (subantarctic, China, Korea).
Razouls (1965) observes at Roscoff all year round some female individuals having a rough-shaped P5, as Mrazek had already noted ((1902, p.507); for Catley (1948, p.937) there is question of a male individual emasculated by a parasite (Blastodinium).
Characteristics according to Frost (1989): See limits of lenght measurements in the figure of the genus Pseudocalanus
Female: frontal part in lateral view rounded anteriad of base of rostrum; mediodorsal surface of one or more of U1-U3 with sensillum; mediodorsal surface of U1-U3 with integumental pore; seminal receptacle small; cephalosome in lateral view strongly tapered anteriorly; ratio sizes Prosome:Urosome = 2,18 (2.03-2.31); ratio lenght:width of U3 = 1.18 (1.02-1.26); ratio lenght of Furca:width of U3 = 1.00 (0.95-1.06).
Male: ratio sizes of P4 B1:B2 < 1.5; ratio sizes of segments of P4 (8-12):(20-21) < 2.0; mediodorsal surface of one or more of U2-U4 with sensillum; ratio sizes U2:U4 < 1,37; ratio sizes Cephalosome:U2 < 5.07; Furca ratio lenght:width < 1.50; length of anterodorsal sensillum ? 15 microns; ratio sizes Cephalosome: U2 = 5,34 (5.13-5.74); ratio sizes U2:U4 = 1.24 (1.13-1.35); ratio Furca lenght:width = 1.40 (1.31-1.48). | | | Last update : 14/06/2013 | |
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 Any use of this site for a publication will be mentioned with the following reference :
Razouls C., de Bovée F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2012. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
[Accessed June 18, 2013] © copyright 2005-2012 CNRS, UPMC
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