Species Card of Copepod
Calanoida ( Order )
    Clausocalanoidea ( Superfamily )
        Euchaetidae ( Family )
            Paraeuchaeta ( Genus )
Paraeuchaeta hebes  (Giesbrecht, 1888)   (F,M)
Syn.: Euchäta hebes Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.246, 263, 742, 772, figs.F,M);
Euchaeta hebes : Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.39, Rem. F,M, fig.M); T. Scott, 1894 b (p.59, figs.M); Pesta, 1920 (p.512); Sars, 1925 (p.106, figs.F,M); Candeias, 1926 (p.32); Rose, 1929 (p.25); 1933 a (p.115, figs.F,M); Massuti Alzamora, 1942 (p.110); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.22); Sewell, 1948 (p.348, 487, 500, 508, 522); Fleury, 1950 (p.47, fig.2); Vervoort, 1957 (p.77); Marques, 1953 (p.100); 1959 (p.210); Wickstead, 1962 (p.546, food & feeding); Vervoort, 1963 b (part. p.164, Rem.); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); Shmeleva, 1963 (p.141); Paiva, 1963 (p.42, figs.F); Bary, 1963 a (p.1519, Table 1); Crisafi, 1965 a (p.55, figs.F,M, juv.); Shmeleva, 1965 b (p.1350, lengths-volume -weight relation); Pavlova, 1966 (p.43); Neto & Paiva, 1966 (p.24, Table III); Mazza, 1966 (p.70); 1967 (p.161, 331); Vilela, 1968 (p.17); Evans, 1968 (p.13); Dowidar & El-Maghraby, 1970 (p.268); Gamulin, 1971 (p.382, tab.3); Bainbridge, 1972 (p.61, Appendix Table I: vertical distribution vs day/night, Table III: occurrence); Binet & al., 1972 (p.69); Brodsky, 1972 (p.256); Apostolopoulou, 1972 (p.327, 348); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, tabl.2); Vives & al., 1975 (p.42, tab.II, III); Dessier, 1979 (p.205); Hure & al., 1980 (p.298); Vaissière & Séguin, 1980 (p.23, tab.1); Vives, 1982 (p.291); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.83); Brenning, 1984 (p.3, T-S diagram, Rem.); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1984 (1045); Brenning, 1985 a (p.24, Table 2); Regner, 1985 (p.11, Rem.: p.30); Sazhina, 1985 a (p.491, tab.3); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.58); Samba Diouf, 1991 (p.103, tableau 1); Seguin & al., 1993 (p.23); Hays & al., 1994 (tab.1); Southward & al., 1995 (p.127, fig.2, 3, geographic distribution); Fernandez de Puelles & al., 1996 (p.97, occurrence: p.101); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.48, 101); Reid & Hunt, 1998 (p.310, figs.2, 3, Rem.); Mauchline, 1999 (n°182, p.8, figs.F,M); Nicholas & Nash, 1999 (p.367); Corten, 1999 (p.191, Table 1, fig.3); Sautour & al., 2000 (p.531, Table II, abundance); d'Elbée, 2001 (tabl.1); Beaugrand & al., 2002 (p.1692); Beaugrand & al., 2002 (p.179, figs.5, 6); Vukanic, 2003 (139, tab.1); CPR, 2004 (p.54, fig.154); Vukanic & Vukanic, 2004 (p.9, tab. 3); Fernandez & al., 2004 (p.501, tab.5); Queiroga & al., 2005 (p.195, table 1); Isari & al., 2006 (p.241, tab.II); Khelifi-Touhami & al., 2007 (p.327, Table 1); Cabal & al., 2008 (289, Table 1); Drira & al., 2010 (p.145, Tanl.2); Isari & al., 2011 (p.51, Table 2, abundance vs distribution); Alvarez-Fernandez & al., 2012 (p.21, Rem.: Table 1); Sobrinho-Gonçalves & al., 2013 (p.713, Table 2, fig.8, seasonal abundance vs environmental conditions); Zaafa & al., 2014 (p.67, Table I, occurrence);
Euchaete hebes : With, 1915 (p.188, figs.F);
Euchaeta trunculosa (juv.M) Pesta, 1908; 1911 (p.441);
Pareuchaeta hebes : Mauchline, 1998 (tab.30, 42, 58); Holmes, 2001 (p.52, Rem.); Miloslavic & al., 2012 (p.165, Table 2, transect distribution); Hure M. & al., 2018 (p.1, Table 1: abundance, % composition)
Ref.:
Bradford & al., 1983 (p.23); Park, 1994 (p.319); 1995 (p.7); Avancini & al., 2006 (p.86, Pl. 55, figs.F,M, Rem.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.663, figs.F,M, Rem.)
Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 1 of morphological figuresissued from : J. Mauchline in ICES Ident. Leafl. Plankton, 1999, N°182. [p.3, Fig.2: 7a]. As Euchaeta hebes.
Female (Northeast Atlantic): 7a, genital double-somite (left side).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 2 of morphological figuresissued from : J. Mauchline in ICES Ident. Leafl. Plankton, 1999, N°182. [p.4, Fig.3: 7b].
Male (Northeast Atlantic): 7b, terminal two segments, exopodal segments of left P5.


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 3 of morphological figuresissued from : C. With in The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 1915, III (4). [Pl. VI, Fig.13, a]. As Euchaete hebes.
Female (from 47°47'N, 8.00°W): a, corner of last thoracic segment and genital segment (left lateral).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 4 of morphological figuresissued from : C. With in The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 1915, III (4). [Pl. VI, Fig.13, b]. As Euchaete hebes.
Female: b, lamina labialis and serrula 6-dentata.


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 5 of morphological figuresIssued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl. XXX, figs.7-9]. As Euchaeta hebes.
Female: 7, habitus with spematophore (lateral left side); 8, forehead (lateral); 9, genital segment (lateral left side).

Male: 10, P5; 11, distal end of left P5 (enlarged).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 6 of morphological figuresIssued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl. XXX, figs.10-11]. As Euchaeta hebes.
Male: 10, P5; 11, distal end of left P5 (enlarged).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 7 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.37, Figs.32, 33]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 32, urosome (lateral); 33, same (ventral).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 8 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.37, Fig.54]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 54, forehead (lateral).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 9 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.15, Fig.30]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 30, P1 (anterior view).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 10 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.16, Fig.31]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 31, exopodite 2 and 3 of P2 (posterior view).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 11 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.16, Fig.5]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 5, Mx1 (posterior view).
B2 = basis; Re = exopod; Li = inner lobe; Le: outer lobe


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 12 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.16, Fig.44]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 44, Mxp (B1: posterior view; rest: anterior view).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 13 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.15, Fig.29]. As Euchäta hebes.
Male: 29, exopod of P1 (posterior view).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 14 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.16, Fig.38]. As Euchäta hebes.
Male: 38, outer exopodal margin of P2.


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 15 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.16, Fig.20]. As Euchäta hebes.
Male: 20, exopodal segments 2 and 3 of left P5.


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 16 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.16, Fig.3]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 3, Md (anterior view).


Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Plate 17 of morphological figuresIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.16, Fig.4]. As Euchäta hebes.
Female: 4, Mx1 (anterior view).
Li = inner lobe; Le = outer lobe; B1 = praeccoxa + coxa; B2 = basis; Re = exopod; Ri = endopod.

Compl. Ref.:
Siokou-Frangou, 1999 (p.476); Valdés & al., 2007 (p.104: tab.1); Eloire & al., 2010 (p.657, Table II, temporal variability); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.425); Salah S. & al., 2012 (p.155, Tableau 1); Uysal & Shmeleva, 2012 (p.909, Table I); Bode & al., 2012 (p.108, spatial distribution vs time-series, % biomass); Belmonte & al., 2013 (p.222, Table 2, abundance vs stations); Lidvanov & al., 2013 (p.290, Table 2, % composition); Mazzocchi & al., 2014 (p.64, Table 5, abundance); Benedetti & al., 2016 (p.159, Table I, fig.1, functional characters); El Arraj & al., 2017 (p.272, table 2); Benedetti & al., 2018 (p.1, Fig.2: ecological functional group); Belmonte, 2018 (p.273, Table I: Italian zones); Hure M. & al., 2018 (p.1, Table 3: correlations)
NZ: 6 + 4 doubtful

Distribution map of Paraeuchaeta hebes by geographical zones
Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Distribution map 3issued from : A.A. Shmeleva in Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco, 1965, 65 (n°1351). [Table 6: 19 ]. As Euchaeta hebes (from South Adriatic).
Dimensions, volume and Weight wet. Means for 50-60 specimens. Volume and weight calculated by geometrical method. Assumed that the specific gravity of the Copepod body is equal to 1, then the volume will correspond to the weight.
Species Paraeuchaeta hebes - Distribution map 4issued from : U. Brenning in Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock - 33. Jahrgang 1981. Mat.-nat. wiss. Reihe, 6. [p.2, Fig.1].
T-S Diagram for Euchaeta marina, E. acuta, E. hebes (= Paraeuchaeta hebes), E. paraconcinna from Cap Blanc (Mauritania).
SO: Southern Surface Water (S °/oo: 34,50; T°C: 29,0); ND: Northern Water of the Surface Layer (S °/oo: 37,5; T°C: 21,0); SD: Southern Deep Water of the surface layer (S °/oo: 35,33; T°C: 13,4). See commentary in Temora stylifera and Brenning (1985 a, p.6).
Loc:
Namibia, Angola, Baia Farta, Congo, G. of Guinea, off Lagos, Ivorian shelf, Dakar, Cape Verde Is., off Morocco-Mauritania, Cap Ghir, Canary Is., off Madeira, Portugal, NW Spain, Bay of Biscay, off W Azores, NW Bermuda, S Iceland, Ireland (W & SW), Ireland Sea, English Channel, North Sea, NW Spain, Iberian Shelf, Ibero-moroccan Bay, G of Cadix, off W Tangier, Gibraltar, Medit. (M'Diq, Alboran Sea, Gulf of Annaba, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Strait of Messina, Gulf of Taranto, Malta, Adriatic Sea, G. of Gabès, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Thracian Sea, Lebanon Basin, Alexandria), Indian (in Sars,1925; Sazhina,1985 a), [ Arafura Sea, Philippines, G. of Tonkin, Japan (Honshu), Panama (in Wilson, 1942 a, p.185; 1950, p.212) ]
N: 115
Lg.:
(1) F: 3,4; M: 2,7; (7) F: 3,54; M: 3,03; (47) F: 2,95-2,85; M: 2,75; (54) F: 3,09-2,78; (62) F: 3,18-3; M: 2,8-2,7; (73) F: 2,72; (75) F: 2,74-2,64; M: 2,95-2,88; (199) F: 3,04-2,74; M: 2,58; (327) F: 3,4-2,92; M: 3,08-2,6; (393) F: 3,338-2,951; M: 3,206-2,848; (449) F: 2,95-2,85; M: 2,75; (864) F: 3,54-3,63; (920) F: 2,98; (1111) F: 2,69-3,22; M: 2,58-3,04; {F: 2,64-3,63; M: 2,58-3,34}

The mean female size is 3.048 mm (n = 24; SD = 0.2947), and the mean male size is 2.833 mm (n = 15; SD = 0.1947). The size ratio (male : female) is 0.957 (n = 5; SD = 0.0775), or ± 95 %
Rem.: epipelagic.
Park (1994) considers this form as Mediterranean and Atlantic.
After Benedetti & al. (2018, p.1, Fig.2) this species belonging to the functional group 1 corresponding to large sac-spawning carnivorous.
Last update : 24/10/2022
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