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Calanoida ( Order ) |
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Calanoidea ( Superfamily ) |
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| Paracalanidae Giesbrecht, 1892 ( Calanoidea ) | | Syn.: | Paracalanina Giesbrecht,1892 (p.48);
Paracalaninae : Esterly, 1905 (p.138);
Eucalanidae : Rose, 1933 a (part., p.66).
Calocalanidae Bernard, 1958 (p.199); 1960 (n° 36-1ère rev., p.3); Corral Estrada, 1970 (p.108); Razouls, 1972 (Annexe: p.20: Rem.); Corral, 1972 (n°138, p.4); Björnberg, 1972 (p.21, 24); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.624, Rem.); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.10); Razouls, 1982 (p.113); Sazhina, 1985 (p.112, Nauplius); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.179)
Mecynoceridae Andronov, 1973 b (p.1721); 1974 a (p.1005); Razouls, 1982 (p.101); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.10); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.142, 147, 216); Mauchline, 1987 (p.722, 740, cuticular pores); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, 153, Rev.); Nishida, 1989 (p.174); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (part., p.44, 71, Def., Rem.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.833); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.136, Def.) | | Ref.: | Sars, 1901 a (1903) (p.16); Früchtl , 1924 b (p.34); Gurney, 1931 a (p.84); Oliveira, 1946 (p.458); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.82, 107); Farran & Vervoort, 1951 c (n°35, p.3); Gonzalez & Bowman, 1965 (p.242); Andronov, 1970 (p.980 & suiv.); Björnberg, 1972 (p.24); Andronov, 1974 a (p.1005); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.621); Razouls, 1982 (p.102); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.10); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.143, 147, 213); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.231); Sazhina, 1985 (p.112, N); Nishida, 1989 (p.174, Rem.); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.364); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.844); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.908, Genera Key); Barthélémy, 1999 a (p.30); Ohtsuka & Huys, 2001 (p.445, 461); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.14, 15; 49; 151: Def., Genera Key); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.170, Def.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.913, part. Genera Key); Bradford-Grieve, 2008 (p.59, 60: emend.,Rem.); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.103, Table 1, Fig.2, 3, 4, Biol. mol, phylogeny).
Bradford-Grieve J.M., (2002 onwards). Key to calanoid copepod families. Version 1 : 2 oct 2002. http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/calanoida/index.htm  | | Rem.: | The creation of the Calocalanidae family based on the genus Calocalanus, placed initially by Giesbrecht (1892, p.49) among the Paracalanidae, is subject of controversy. Björnberg relying on the morphology of the nauplius confirms the validity of this creation. Fleminger (1967 a), Andronov (1970, p.980 & suiv.), Hiromi (1987, p.147, 153, Rem.), Bradford-Grieve (1994) include this family among the Paracalanidae, but neither Bowman & Abele (1982) nor Huys & Boxshall (1991). Later, Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.153) do include the Calocalanidae in the Paracalanidae. 2 G : Calocalanus, Ischnocalanus. The latter genus is considered as a synonym of Calocalanus.
Mecynocera, previously placed in the subfamily of the Eucalaninae by Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.45, 47), then in the Eucalanidae (Sars, 1902, p.14), next in the Calocalanidae Bernard, 1958 a (p.199). For Andronov (1970, p.985) suggests to include this genus into the family Paracalanidae, but in 1973 erected the monotypic family Mecynoceridae.
For Bradford-Grieve (2008, p.59-64) Mecynocera clausi is transferred to the Paracalanidae, primarily on the basis of the form of the exopod of the male antenna and the maxilliped. Details of the setation of the mouthparts and swimming legs and segmentation of the female urosome.
Emendation after Bradford-Grieve (2008):
Male A1 symmetrically developed, neither of them geniculate;
Male A2 exopod with short terminal segment without 3 terminal setae;
male Mxp sexually dimorphic, endopod with 3 enlarged plumose setae (2 outer and 1 terminal), inner setae very atrophied;
P1 endopod of 2-segments, exopod 3-segmented;
P2-P4 exopods and endopods of 3 segments, exopod segment 3 of P2-P4 with 2 outer border articulated spines; terminal spine on exopod segment 3 of P2-P4 with 2 outer border articulated spines; terminal spine on exopod segment 3 of P2-P4 blade-like, not serrated;
Female P5 uniramous with fused protopodal plate: of 2-4 segments but may be rudimentary or absent;
Male P5 uniramous; right leg shortest, of 2-5 segments but may be rudimentary; left leg elongate, slightly prehensile, 5-segmented.
7 G.: Acrocalanus, Bestiolina, Calocalanus, Delibus, Mecynocera, Paracalanus, Parvocalanus.
Thanks to T. Chad Walter for information concerning the publication of H. Özdikmenn concerning the genusname of Delius |  issued from : J. Hiromi in Bull. Coll. Agr. & Vet. Med., Nihon Univ., 1987, 44. [p.152, Fig.2]. Structure of rostrums in species female of Paracalanus, Acrocalanus and Bestiolina.. Comparison of similarities and differences. a: Paracalanus aculeatus; b, P. denudatus; c, P. parvus; d, Parvocalanus crassirostris; e, P. dubia; f, P. elegans; g, P.latus; h, P. scotti; i, Acrocalanus gibber; j, A. gracialis; k, A. monachus; l, Bestiolina inermis; m, B. sp.; n, B. sinicus; o, B. ceylonica. e, l: after Sewell, 1912; g,o: after Andronov, 1972; h: after Vervoort, 1963; n: after Shen & Lee, 1966. |
 issued from : J. Hiromi in Bull. Coll. Agr. & Vet. Med., Nihon Univ., 1987, 44. [p.150-151, Table 1]. Comparative list of the diagnostic characters in genera of the family Paracalanidae (rewritten from Andronov, 1973). 1: Number of segments of A1 (female); 2: Number of segments of A1 (male); 3: 8th and 9th segments of A1; 4: Rostrum; 5: Number of urosomites segments (female); 6: Keel-shaped hump on cephalothorax (male); 7: Positions of genital opening (male); 8: Internal seta on basipod 2 of P1; 9: External spinules on exopodal segment 3 of P2-P4; 10: Number of external spines on exopodal segment 3 of P2-P4; 11: Number of setae on endopodal segment 2 of P2-P4; 12: Number of setae on endopodal segment 3 of P2-P4; 13: Number of segments of P5 female (left/right); 14: Number of segments of P5 male (left/right). In Table, corrected Delius = Delibus and Bestiola = Bestiolina. | | | | | (1) Acrocalanus Giesbrecht, 1888 | |
| | Ref.: | Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.48, 171); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.25, clé spp.); Wolfenden, 1905 (p.999); A. Scott, 1909 (p.28); Sewell, 1912 (p.336); 1929 (p.78); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.30, clé spp.); Dakin & Colefax, 1940 (p.93); Vervoort, 1946 (p.132); Sewell, 1947 (p.52); Tanaka, 1956 c (p.371); Bowman, 1958 (p.121, Rem); Gonzalez & Bowman, 1965 (p.243); Corral Estrada, 1970 (p.100); Andronov, 1973 b (p.1720, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.108); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.232, clé spp.); Mauchline, 1988 (p.721); Hiromi, 1987 (p.151, 152, 154); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.845); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.46, Déf.); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.909: clé spp.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.153); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.172, Def.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.915, spp. Key) | | Rem.: | Type: Acrocalanus longicornis Giesbrecht,1888. 5 spp.
For Bowman (1958, p.121) the species of Acrocalanus are most conveniently distinguished by the shape of the cephalothorax in lateral view. | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 1,135 mm (n= 5; S= 0,139; Cv= 0,122) and the mean male size is 1,058 mm (n= 5; S= 0,132; Cv= 0,125). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,937 ou 93,7 % (S= 0,119; Cv= 0,127). One observes that the sex-ratio is 1. |  issued from : C.T. Achuthankutty, N. Ramaiah & G. Padmavati in Pelagic biogeograpgy ICoPB II. Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Final report of SCOR/IOC working group 93, 9-14 July 1995. Workshop Report No. 142, Unesco, 1998. [p.8, Fig.6]. Salinity ranges for Acrocalanus spp. in coastal and estuarine waters of Goa (India). Shaded area indicates the range of higher abundance. |
 issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.171, Table 2]. After Hiromi, 1987. Diagnostic characters in the genus Acrocalanus. Nota: Compare with the allied genera Bestiolina, Delius, Paracalanus, Parvocalanus. | | | | | Bestiola Andronov, 1972 | | Syn.: | Acrocalanus (part.) | | Ref.: | Andronov, 1972 a (p.290) | | Rem.: | Type: Bestiola zeylonica Andronov, 1972. Andronov (1972 a) defines the genus Bestiola during the description of a form (B. zeylonica), similar to 3 species of Acrocalanus (A. inermis, A. similis , A. sinicus).
The genus Bestiola distinguishes itself from Acrocalanus by a shortened rostrum in the (M) and the (F), a rudimentary P5 in the (F) along with the right rami in the (M), the absence of teeth on the external margin of art. 2 and 3 of the P2-P4; Ri3 of P3 and P4 with 6 s.. Under these conditions, the 3 above species placed among Acrocalanus belong to the new genus Bestiola.
Andronov (1991, p.133) changes this already used name in Bestiolina. | | | | (2) Bestiolina Andronov, 1991 | |
| | Syn.: | Bestiola Andronov, 1972 a (p.290); 1973 b (p.1720, Rem.) (nom. preoc.); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, 151, 152, 154); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.178, Def.) | | Ref.: | Andronov, 1991 (p.133: Rem.); Razouls, 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.51, Déf.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.846); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.153); Moon & al, 2010 (p.32, Rem., Key F.); Moon & al., 2010 (p.39, key of females) | | Rem.: | type: Bestiola zeylonica Andronov,1972. 7 spp.
According Moon & al. (2010, p.39) the genus was separated from the other genera within the Paracalanidae based: 1- absence of serration on the outer margins of 2nd and 3rd exopodal segments of P2 to P4; 2 - female P5 reduced to 2 rounded lobes; 3- male P5 with reduced rounded lobe of right leg and 5-segmented left leg, with tiny non articulated process and relatively long terminal spine.Moon & al. (2010, p.39) suggest that the ornamentation on exopodal segment 2 of P2 to P4 may play an role in separating Bestiolina species. |  issued from : S.Y. Moon, W. Lee & H.Y. Soh in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 2010, 123 (1). [p.45, Fig.9]. Distribution géographique de Bestiolina. carré noir: B. similis; carré blanc: B. amoyensis; cercle blanc: B. inermis; cercle noir: B. sinica; triangle blanc: B. zeylonica; triangle noir: B. arabica; étoile blanche: B. coreana. |
issued from : S.Y. Moon, W. Lee & H.Y. Soh in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 2010, 123 (1). [p.45, Fig.9]. Schematic illustration of world-widezoogeographical distribution of genus Bestiolina. Black square: B. similis; white square: B. amoyensis; white circle: B. inermis; black circle: B. sinica; white triangle: B. zeylonica; black triangle: B. arabica; white star: B. coreana. According to Moon & al. (2010, p.43) these distributional patterns show that the speciation of Bestiolina could have originated from the Indo-Malayan region. In particular, the radiation of the Indo-Pacific species of bestiolina could have been brought about by changes in the inflow of fresh water from East and Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene glacial periods, as hypothesized for the speciation mechanisms of the Tortanus subgenus, Eutortanus (Ohtsuka & al., 1992; Ohtsuka & Reid, 1998). The testing of this hypothesis awaits a more detailed knowledge of Bestiolina, particularly the molecular variability. |
 issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.171, Table 2]. After Hiromi, 1987. Diagnostic characters in the genus Bestiola (= Bestiolina). Nota: Compare with the allied genera Acrocalanus, Delibus, Paracalanus, Parvocalanus. | | | | | (3) Calocalanus Giesbrecht, 1888 | |
| | Syn.: | Leptocalanus Bernard, 1958 a (p.198); Ischnocalanus Bernard, 1963 b (p.160, Rem.); Corral, 1970 (p.110); Corral, 1972 (n°138, p.5, 6, clé des F); Razouls, 1972 (p.21: Rem.); 1982 (p.121); 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve (1994, p.52) considère ce genre comme synonyme de Calocalanus; Mauchline, 1998 (p.77, 78) | | Ref.: | Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.49, 175); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.26); Wheeler, 1901(p.169); Van Breemen, 1908 a (p.22); A. Scott, 1909 (p.30); Sewell, 1929 (p.88); Wilson, 1932 a (p.39); Rose, 1933 a (p.75, clé spp.); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.33); Vervoort, 1946 (p.138); Farran & Vervoort, 1951 (n°36, p.3); Tanaka, 1956 c (p.377); Bernard, 1958 a (p.185); 1960 (n°36, first Rev., p.3); Schmeleva, 1965 (p.13, clé des F); Andronov, 1973 b (p.1720, Rem.); Corral Estrada, 1970 (p.109); Razouls, 1972 (Annexe: p.20, Rem.); Corral, 1972 (n°138, p.4, 5, clé des F.); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.163); Razouls, 1982 (p.113); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.233, clé spp.); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, 151, 154, Rev.); Razouls, 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.46, 52, Déf.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.749); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.877, 909: clé spp.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.153); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.919, spp. Key) | | Rem.: | Type: Calanus pavo Dana,1849; 1852. 50 spp. | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The species in Calocalanus are small. The mean female size is 0,669 mm (n= 48; S = 0,186; Cv = 0,278) for 48 species out of 50. 5 are taller than 1 mm and 7 smaller than or equal to 0,5 mm, the remaining forms being intermediary to these values. The size ratio (M/F, established from 19 species) is 0,832 or 83,2 % (S = 9,264; Cv = 0,111). These species pass easily through the meshes of nets. This explains no doubt the sex ratio: 50 females against only 23 males known F/M = 2.17, like numerous cases of endemisn in the essentially epipelagic forms. | | | | (4) Delibus Andronov, 1972 | |
| | Syn.: | Delius Andronov, 1972 b (p.597); 1973 b (p.1720, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.112); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, 151, 154); Razouls, 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.66, Déf.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.846); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.910: clé spp.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.153); Andronovius Özdikmen, 2008 (p.266: Rem.) | | Ref.: | Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.963, 1127: Rem.) | | Rem.: | type: Paracalanus nudus Sewell,1929. 2 spp. |  issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.171, Table 2]. After Hiromi, 1987. Diagnostic characters in the genus Delius (= Delibus). Nota: Compare with the allied genera Acrocalanus, Bestiolina, Paracalanus, Parvocalanus. | | | | | | Ref.: | Andronov, 1972 b (p.597); 1973 b (p.1720, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.112); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, 151, 154); Razouls, 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.66, Déf.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.846); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.910: clé spp.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.153) | | Rem.: | type: Paracalanus nudus Sewell,1929. The name of the genus was modified in Delibus in Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.963), Delius: genus name of an insect! | | | | (5) Mecynocera I. C. Thompson, 1888 | |
| | Syn.: | Leptocalanus Giesbrecht,1888; Dolichocerea Bernard,1963 | | Ref.: | Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.47, 160); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.23); Wheeler, 1901 (p.167); Esterly, 1905 (p.137); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.19); A. Scott, 1909 (p.25); Wilson, 1932 a (p.36); Rose, 1933 a (p.71); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.28); Farran & Vervoort, 1951 b (n°34, p.3); Carvalho, 1952 a (p.142); Andronov, 1970 (p.980, Rem.); Corral Estrada,1970 (p.110, 111, 139, Rem.); Razouls, 1972 (Annexe: p.21: Rem.); Corral, 1972 (n°138, p.5); Andronov, 1973 b (p.1719, 1720); Razouls, 1982 (p.101); Mauchline, 1988 (p.722); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, 150); Razouls, 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.70, Déf.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.833); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.911); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.136); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.908); Bradford-Grieve, 2008 (p.59, Rem.: species transferred to Pacacalanidae family). | | Rem.: | Type: Mecynocera clausii I.C. Thompson,1888 . 1 sp.: | | | | (6) Paracalanus Boeck, 1864 | |
| | Syn.: | Calanus (part.) : Claus,1863; Piezocalanus Grandori, 1912 (p.98); Pesta, 1920 (p.502) | | Ref.: | Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.48, 164); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.23, spp. Key); Wheeler, 1901 (p.168); Sars, 1901 a (1903) (p.17); Esterly, 1905 (p.139); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.20); A. Scott, 1909 (p.26); Sewell, 1912 (p.336); Esterly, 1924 (p.85); Früchtl, 1924 b (p.34); Sewell, 1929 (p.61, Rem.: 2 groups); Wilson, 1932 a (p.37); Rose, 1933 a (p.72); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.29); Vervoort, 1946 (p.126); Davis, 1949 (p.17); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.108); Farran & Vervoort, 1951 c (n°35, p.3); Carvalho, 1952 a (p.142); Tanaka, 1956 c (p.367); Vervoort, 1962 a (p.394, Rev., clé spp.); Ramirez, 1966 (p.9); Bowman, 1971 (p.18, Rem.); Andronov, 1973 b (p.1720, Rem.); 1977 (p.154); Bradford, 1978 (p.133, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.102); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.213); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.231, spp. Key); Ambler, 1986 a (p.957, ingestion rate v.s. food concentration: nauplius-copepodids-adults); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, Rev., Table); Mauchline, 1988 (p.720); Ferrari, 1992 (p.392, tab.3); Razouls, 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.66, Déf.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.844); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.910: spp. Key, Rem.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.153); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.170, Def., Table 2); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.964, spp. Key); Kesarkar & Anil, 2010 (Rem.: p.6) | | Rem.: | Type: Calanus parvus Claus,1863. 12 spp. (of which 1 doubtful) + 1 variety + 1 unident. | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 0,888 mm (n= 11; S= 0,155; Cv= 0,175) and the mean male size is 0,901 mm (n= 8; S= 0,20; Cv= 0,244). The size ratio (M/F) is 1,008 (n= 8; S= 0,102; Cv= 0,101), being noticeably the same size. Le sex-ratio F/M= 1,37. |  issued from : C.T. Achuthankutty, N. Ramaiah & G. Padmavati in Pelagic biogeograpgy ICoPB II. Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Final report of SCOR/IOC working group 93, 9-14 July 1995. Workshop Report No. 142, Unesco, 1998. [p.8, Fig.6]. Salinity ranges for Paracalanus spp. in coastal and estuarine waters of Goa (India). Shaded area indicates the range of higher abundance. |
 issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.171, Table 2]. After Hiromi, 1987. Diagnostic characters in the genus Paracalanus. Nota: Compare with the allied genera Acrocalanus, Bestiolina, Delibus, Parvocalanus. | | | | | (7) Parvocalanus Andronov, 1970 | |
| | Ref.: | Andronov, 1970 (p.984, Déf.); 1973 b (p.1720, Rem.); Björnberg, 1981 (comm. pers.: Genus uncertain); Razouls, 1982 (p.110); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, Rem.); Razouls, 1993 (p.308); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.69, Déf.); Mauchline, 1998 (p.77); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.909, 911: clé spp.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.153); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.176, Def.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.974); Kesarkar & Anil, 2010 (Rem.: p.6) | | Rem.: | Type: Paracalanus crassirostris Dahl,1894. 6 spp. (if the genus is maintained). | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 0,670 mm (n= 6; S= 0,236; Cv= 0,352) and the mean male size (3 of 6) is 0,660 mm (n= 3; S= 0,382; Cv= 0,579). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,802 or 80,2 % (S= 0,173; Cv= 0,215). The sex-ratio F/M is 1,5 or 1,3 (if the form P. dubia is not retained). |  issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.171, Table 2]. After Hiromi, 1987. Diagnostic characters in the genus Parvocalanus. Nota: Compare with the allied genera Acrocalanus, Bestiolina, Delibus, Paracalanus. | | | | | | | | | |
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