Species Card of Copepod
Calanoida ( Order )
    Diaptomoidea ( Superfamily )
        Pontellidae ( Family )
            Pontella ( Genus )
Pontella investigatoris  Sewell, 1912   (F,M)
Syn.: no Pontella danae ceylonica (F) : Sewell, 1914 a (p.237);
Pontella danae ceylonica Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.252, figs.F); Krishnaswamy, 1953 (p.136); Kasturirangan, 1963 (p.55, figs.F); Silas & Pillai, 1973 (1976) (p.820, figs.F)
Ref.:
Sewell, 1912 (p.371, Descr.M, figs.M); 1914 a (p.236, Rem.F,M).; 1932 (p.382, Rem.); 1948 (p.324); Saraswathy, 1966 (1967) (p.83); Silas, 1972 (p.650); Silas & Pillai, 1973 (1976) (p.821, figs.M, Rem.M); Fazal-Ur-Rehman, 1974 (p.105, figs.F,M); Phukham, 2008 (p.90, figs.M); Al-Yamani & al., 2011 (p.76, figs.M)
Species Pontella investigatoris - Plate 1 of morphological figuresIssued from : R.B.S. Sewell in Rec. Indian Mus., 1912, 7. [Pl.XXIII, Figs.1-3].
Male (from Bay of Bengal): 1, habitus (lateral left side); 2, right A1; 3, P5.
Nota: Head with side hooks, well-developed rostrum, provided with well-marked rostral lenses; there is also a well-developed ventral lens; 4 th and 5 th thoracic segments separate; and the latter terminates laterally in a triangular plate, slightly asymmetrical, being more sharply pointed on the right side. Abdomen (5-segmented) contained 3.5 times in the length of the cephalothorax; Proportional lengths of urosomites as 7:4:6:2:4. Caudal rami slightly asymmetrical, the right being a little stouter than left, 2.5 times as long as broad and equal in length to the preceding three segments. A1 24-segmented, the 10 th and 11 th segments partially fused. Right A1 with grasping organ. Left P5 wiith the terminal segment short and bears on its external border a short spine, terminally it is provided with a long curved spine and 2 shorter and more delicate processes, one of which is ribbed; the inner surface is clothed with hair; the penultimate segment with a short spine at its distal external angle.


Species Pontella investigatoris - Plate 2 of morphological figuresissued from : E.G. Silas & P.P. Pillai in J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 1973 (1976), 15 (2) [p.820, Fig.20, d, e, f].
Female (from inshore India): d, urosome (dorsal); e, idem (lateral right side); f, P5.
Nota: Cephalon with dorsal eye lenses and ventral lenses well developed. Rostrum bifid, tapers to tip, rostral lens feebly developed. 4th and 5th metasomal somite separated, 5th asymmetrically produced posteriorly into acuminate spines, left lobe longer than right. Urosome 2-segmented; genital segment globular, a blunt projection was observed on mid-dorsal margin, perceptible in lateral view. Caudal rami asymmetrical, right ramus broader and longer and arries a marginal fold medio-dorsally, ratio length:wide of right ramus being 3:1, while that of left ramus is 1.5:1; middle three setae of right ramus bulbous at bases. A1 relatively short, 23-segmented. P5 asymmetrical, left leg distinctly larger; exopod stout and ends in acuminate tips, left exopod provided with 3 outer marginal spinules of which distal most one is large; endopod of both legs asymmetrically bifid at tip.
Scale as in Calanopia minor.


Species Pontella investigatoris - Plate 3 of morphological figuresissued from : E.G. Silas & P.P. Pillai in J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 1973 (1976), 15 (2) [p.817, Fig.19, k, l, m].
Male: k, urosome (dorsal); l, geniculate A1; m, P5.
Nota: Dorsal eye lenses, ventral lenses and rostral lenses well developed and conspicuous. 4th and 5th metasomal somites separated. Urosome 5-segmented. Caudal rami asymmetrical, right ramus being stouter, rami being nearly 2 times as long as broad. Right A1 geniculate, segments 18 and fusion segments19-21 carrying denticulated plates on their dorsal margins, segment 14 with a long spine, carrying a small flagella at its tip.
Scale as in Calanopia minor.


Species Pontella investigatoris - Plate 4 of morphological figuresissued from : Fazal-Ur-Rehman in Pakistan J. Zool., 1974, 6 (1 & 2). [p.106, Fig.1].
Female (from Korangi Creek, near Karachi): A, habitus (dorsal); B, forehead (lateral); C, posterior part of cephalothorax and urosome (lateral, left side); D, A1; E, A2; F, Md (cutting edge); G, Md (mandibular palp); H, Mx1; I, Mx2; J, Mxp; K-N, P1 to P4; O, P5.

Nota: Endopod of A2 longer than the exopod; 2-segmented, with 1st segment nearly 3 times as long as the 2nd segment, bearing 3 setae on the inner side, 2nd segment with 13 setae at terminal and subterminal ends; exopod 5-segmented, 2nd segment longer than all others, terminal segments indistinct, with 5 setae and 1 fine bristle. Gnathobase of Md with the cutting edge provided with 7 teeth and 1 plumose seta, ventral edge of the teeth with fine dendicles or spines; mandibular palpexopod 4-segmented, endopod 2-segmented. 1st inner lobe of Mx1 with 14 strong spines arranged in double rows; 2nd and 3rd inner lobes bearing 3 setae on each; the outer or coxal epipodite provided with 9 long setae; exopod and endopod in all with 21 setae


Species Pontella investigatoris - Plate 5 of morphological figuresissued from : Fazal-Ur-Rehman in Pakistan J. Zool., 1974, 6 (1 & 2). [p.108, Fig.2].
Male: A, habitus (dorsal); B, forehead (lateral); C, right A1; D, A2; E, Md; F, Mxp; G, P5.

Nota: Right A1 geniculate, geniculation between 18th and 19th segments; segment 17 with denticles; segment 18 with 2 rows of denticles; distal most segments indistinct; left A1 24-segmented.


Species Pontella investigatoris - Plate 6 of morphological figuresissued from : Y. Al-Yamani, V. Skryabin, A. Gubanova, S. khvorov & I. Prusova in Marine Zooplankton Practical Guide for the Northwestern Arabian Gulf, 2, 2011. [p.77, Fig.208].
Male (from Kuwait): a-b, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); c, right P5; d, right A1 (geniculate portion).


Species Pontella investigatoris - Plate 7 of morphological figuresissued from : N. Phukham in Species diversity of calanoid copepods in Thai waters, Andaman Sea (Master of Science, Univ. Bangkok). 2008. [p.172, Fig.46].
Male (from W Malay Peninsula): a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c, P5.

Body length after the drawing: M = 2.677 mm.

Compl. Ref.:
Ganapati & Shanthakumari, 1962 (p.9, 16); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Kazmi, 2004 (p.228)
NZ: 1

Distribution map of Pontella investigatoris by geographical zones
Loc:
Arabian Gulf (Kuwait), Maldive & Laccadive Islands, Pakistan (Karachi), Sri Lanka, India (Lawson's Bay, Madras), Bay of Bengal, Andaman Is, Coast of Burma, W Malay Peninsula (Andaman Sea)
N: 11
Lg.:
(77) F: 3,4; (81) M: 2,9; (256) F: 3,51-3,39; (272) F: 3,3; M: 2,9; (334) F: 3,4; (530) M: 3,2; (795) F: 3,2; (1085) M: 2,7; {F: 3,20-3,51; M: 2,70-3,20}
Rem.: Brackish; Neritic.
For Fazal-Ur-Rehman (1974, p.109) P. investigatoris is distinct from P. danae, wrongly descibed as P. danae ceylonica by Thompson & Scott (1903); it is noteworthy that the extensive data (unpublished) of epiplanktonic copepods from the inshore and off shore waters of NE Arabian Sea during the last several years (S.M. Haq, pers. comm.) do not show any record of P. danae from the waters of West Pakistan.
For Mulyadi (2003, p.399) this species belongs to P. danae-Group (See P. danae in Table I)
Last update : 28/01/2015
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