Species Card of Copepod
Cyclopoida ( Order )
    Corycaeidae ( Family )
        Farranula ( Genus )
Farranula gracilis  (Dana, 1849)   (F,M)
Syn.: Corycaeus gracilis Dana, 1849; 1852; Dahl, 1894 c (p.22, Rem.); F. Dahl, 1894 (p.69); Khalil & Abb El-Rahman, 1997 (p.931);
C. pellucidus Dana, 1849; 1852; Brady, 1883 (p.112, figs.F,M); T. Scott, 1894 b (p.110);
C. deplumatus Dana, 1849; 1852;
C. megalops : Brady, 1883 (p.112);
Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis : M. Dahl, 1912 (p.108, figs.F,M); Sewell, 1948 (p.393); Marques, 1958 a (p.148); Cervigon, 1964 (p.197, figs.F,M); Binet, 1970 (p.74);
Corycella gracilis : Farran, 1929 (p.211, 296); Rose, 1929 (p.72); Klevenhusen, 1933 a (p.84, chart 34); Owre, 1962 (p.489); Björnberg, 1963 (p.85, Rem.); Gaudy, 1963 (p.33, Rem.); 1967 (p.88); Ramirez, 1971 (p.92); Binet & al., 1972 (p.73); Bainbridge, 1972 (p.61, Appendix Table I: vertical distribution vs day/night, Table II: %, Table IV); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.86); Bityukov & al., 1984 (tab.1); Selifonova, 2011 a (p.77, Table 1, alien species in Black Sea);
C. (Farranula) gracilis : Marques, 1973 (p.250); Böttger-Schnack, 1988 (p.313);
? Corycaeus carinatus : Wheeler, 1901 (p.192, figs.F);
? Corycella carinata : Wilson, 1932 (p.41); 1932 a (p.362, figs.F)
Ref.:
Wilson, 1942 a (p.187, fig.F); Gonzalez & Bowman, 1965 (p.267, figs.F,M, Rem.); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.124, figs.F,M); Björnberg, 1972 (p.94, figs., Rem.: Nauplius); Marques, 1975 (p.53); Björnberg, 1981 (p.676, fig.F); Boxshall, 1998 (p.223); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.888, 975, figs.F,M); Conway & al., 2003 (p.262, figs.F,M, Rem.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.493); Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.225, figs.F,M, Rem.); Wi & Soh, 2013 (p.1, Table 1); Fuentes-Reinés & Suarez-Morales, 2017 (p.519, figs.M, Rem.)
Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 1 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XIV, Figs.11, 12]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Female: 11, habitus (dorsal); 12, idem (lateral right side).


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 2 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XIV, Figs.15]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Female: 15, A2.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 3 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XIV, Figs.18, 19]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Female: 18, P1; 19, P2.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 4 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XIV, Figs.20, 21]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Female: 20, P3: 21, P4.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 5 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XV, Figs.15, 16]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Female: 15, posterior part of metasome and urosome (dorsal); 16, idem (lateral left side; with spermatophores).


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 6 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XIV, Figs.13, 14]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Male: 13, habitus (dorsal); 14, idem (lateral left side).


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 7 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XIV, Figs.16, 17]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Male: 16, A2; 17, Mxp.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 8 of morphological figuresissued from : M. Dahl in Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Bd II, G. f1. I. Die Corycaeinen 1912. [Taf.XV, Figs.29, 30]. As Corycaeus (Corycella) gracilis..
Male: 29, posterior part of metasome and urosome (lateral right side); 30, idem (dorsal).


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 9 of morphological figuresissued from : F. Cervigon iin Mem. Soc. Cienc. nat. La Salle, 1964, 24 (68). [p.198, Lam.24]. As Corycella gracilis.
Female (Venezuela): 1, prosome (dorsal); 2, habitus (lateral); 3, portion anteroventral of genital segment; 4, A2; 5, P4.

Nota: Lengths ratio abdomen and caudal rami 68:32 and 71:29.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 10 of morphological figuresissued from : F. Cervigon iin Mem. Soc. Cienc. nat. La Salle, 1964, 24 (68). [p.19, Lam.25]. As Corycella gracilis.
Male: 1-2, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); 3, A2; 4, P4.

Nota: Lengths abdomen and caudal rami 67.5:32.5; 67:33 and 69:31.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 11 of morphological figuresFemale: Urosome about 2 times as long as the caudal rami and, in lateral view, appears more or less humpbacked. In lateral view of the urosome, part of the dorsal margin, before it tapers , lies almost parallel to the ventral margin; the length of this portion of the urosome is about equal to the height of the urosome.

Male: Urosome less than 3 times as long as the caudal rami; rami much more than twice as long as broad. Posterior margin of genital enlargements separated from the posterior end of the urosome by more than 1/3 the length of the urosome.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 12 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.H. Wi & H.Y. Soh in J. Nat. Hist., 2013. [p.3, Table I].
Length and width proportions of body segments of Farranula gracilis.

Nota: Compare with other species of Farranula (on line: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708454).


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 13 of morphological figuresIssued from : F. Vives & A.A. Shmeleva in Fauna Iberica, 2010, 33. [p.104, Fig.113]. After Dahl, 1912.
Female: A-B, abdomen (dorsal and lateral, respectively); C, A2;

Male: D-E, abdomen (dorsal and lateral, respectively); F, A2.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 14 of morphological figuresIssued from : F. Vives & A.A. Shmeleva in Fauna Iberica, 2010, 33. [p.227, Fig.104]. After Dahl, 1912.
Female: A-B, abdomen (dorsal and lateral,); B, abdomen; C, A2; D, P4.

Male: E, abdomen; F, A2.


Species Farranula gracilis - Plate 15 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Fuentes-Reinés & E. Suarez-Morales in Check List, 2017, 13 (5). [p.520, Figs. 22-24].
Male (from Rodadero Bay, N Colombia): 22, forehead showing apical ocular lenses; 23, P4; 24, urosome and caudal rami (ventral view).

Noya: Exopod of P4 3-segmented, lacking endopod.

Compl. Ref.:
C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.228); Fagetti, 1962 (p.50); Grice & Hart, 1962 (p.287, table 4: abundance); Grice, 1963 a (p.496); Neto & Paiva, 1966 (p.34, Table III); Deevey, 1971 (p.224); Björnberg, 1973 (p.369, 386); Boxshall, 1977 b (p.556); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.156, tab.2, Station "S"); Binet, 1979 (p.400); Dessier, 1979 (p.131, 202, 208); Vives, 1982 (p.296); Turner & Dagg, 1983 (p.17, 22); Greze & al., 1985 (p.8); Lindo, 1991 (tab.3); Webber & Roff, 1995 a (p.481, table 1, 2, 3, biomass, production); Böttger-Schnack, 1995 (p.92); Webber & al., 1996 (tab.1); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1997 (p.1525); Alvarez-Cadena & al., 1998 (t.1,2,3,4); Hopcroft & al., 1998 (tab.2); Lopes & al., 1998 (p.195, tab.2); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.112); Lopes & al., 1999 (p.215, tab.1); Lavaniegos & Gonzalez-Navarro, 1999 (p.239, Appx.1); Neumann-Leitao & al., 1999 (p.153, tab.2); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, tab. 5, Appendix); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 2000 (1247, tab.1); Lopez-Salgado & al., 2000 (tab.1); Dunbar & Webber, 2003 (tab.1); Camisotti & al., 2005 (p.99); Alvarez-Silva & al., 2005 (p.39); Sterza & Fernades, 2006 (p.95, Table 1, occurrence); Dias & Araujo, 2006 (p.85, Rem., chart); Neumann-Leitao & al., 2008 (p.799: Tab.II, fig.6); Morales-Ramirez & Suarez-Morales, 2008 (p.516, 525); Miyashita & al., 2009 (p.815, Tabl.II); Lidvanov & al., 2010 (p.356, Table 3); Dias & al., 2010 (p.230, Table 1); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Shiganova & al., 2012 (p.61, Table 4); Uysal & Shmeleva, 2012 (p.909, Table I); Lidvanov & al., 2013 (p.290, Table 2, % composition); Bonecker & a., 2014 (p.445, Table II: frequency, horizontal & vertical distributions); Marquez-Rojas & al., 2014 (p.13, Rem., %); Dias & al., 2015 (p.483, Table 2, abundance, biomass, production, Table 4: % vs. season); Rojas-Herrera & al., 2016 (p.40, Table 2: temporal abundance); Zakaria & al., 2016 (p.1, Table 1, Rem.) Ben Ltaief & al., 2017 (p.1, Table III, Summer relative abundance) ; Marques-Rojas & Zoppi de Roa, 2017 (p.495, Table 1); Bonecker C.T. & al., 2017 (p.247, fig.7: abundance day/night vs. vertical types of mass water); Abo-Taleb & Gharib, 2018 (p.139, Table 5, occurrence %); Dias & al., 2018 (p.1, Tables 2, 4, 5: vertical distribution, abundance vs. season); Palomares-Garcia & al., 2018 (p.178, Table 1: occurrence); Acha & al., 2020 (p.p.1, Table 3: occurrence % vs. ecoregions).
NZ: 19

Distribution map of Farranula gracilis by geographical zones
Species Farranula gracilis - Distribution map 4issued from : H.B. Owre & M. Foyo in Fauna Caribaea, 1, Crustacea, 1: Copepoda. Copepods of the Florida Current. 1967. [p.124, Table 66].
Vertical distribution of Farranula gracilis at the ''40-Mile station'' in the Florida Current (E Miami: ± 25°35'N, 79°27'W).
SL 53: 18 V 1958; A: during midday; B: during midnight.
Species Farranula gracilis - Distribution map 5Issued from : A.C.T. Bonecker, A. V. de Araujo, C.O. Dias, M.M.S. Castro, P.F. Carvalho, R.M. Lopes & S.C.L. Bonecker in A.P.C. Falcao & D.L. Moreira (ed.) Ambiente pelagico caracterizaçao ambiental regional de Bacia de Campos, Atlantico Sudoeste. Rio de Janeiro. Elsevier. 2017, v.5, p.247-281. [p.259, Fig.7]
Abundance (ind. m-3) sampled during night and day into four water masses in the Campos Basin (Brazil).

AT: Tropical water; ACAS: Central water of South Atlantic; AIA: Intermediate water of Antarctica; ACS: Deep water Circumpolar water superior.
Sampling at station c (22°54'30''S, 40°43'W), depth 1900 m (end of the continental slope).

Nota: On 117 taxa, with 81 species identified, this species is the most abundant (765,25 ind.m-3), following by Clausocalanus furcatus (433,47 ind.m-3).
Species Farranula gracilis - Distribution map 6Issued from : M.K. Webber & J.C. Roff in Mar. Biol., 1995, 123. [p.484, Table 1].
Length-weight regression of Farranula gracilis in oceanic waters of Discovery Bay (Jamaica) in 60- and 200 m vertical hauls, using 200- and 64-µm mesh aperture of plankton nets, from June 1989 to July 1991 (monthly samples).
Species Farranula gracilis - Distribution map 7Issued from : M.K. Webber & J.C. Roff in Mar. Biol., 1995, 123. [p.485, Table 2].
Main biomass (µg) of copepodite stages for Farranula gracilis, with standard deviation and n number of individuals measured.
Species Farranula gracilis - Distribution map 8Issued from : M.K. Webber & J.C. Roff in Mar. Biol., 1995, 123. [p.485, Table 3].
Stage weight increments (In mmax mmin-1) for Farranula gracilis, calculated from mean biomass of each stage.
Loc:
Antarct. (Ross Sea), sub-Antarct. (SW Pacif.), Angola, Baia Farta, Congo, San Tomé et Principe Is., G. of Guinea, off Lagos, Ivorian shelf, Patagonia, Brazil (S, off Rio de Janeiro, Campos Basin, Vitoria Bay, Vitoria-Cabo de Sao Tomé, off Macaé, off Natal, Amazon), Cape Verde Is., off Morocco-Mauritania, off Madeira, Barbada Is., Caribbean Sea, Caribbean Colombia, Rodadero Bay, Bahia de Mochima & Cariaco Gulf (Venezuela), Yucatan, Venezuela, Jamaica (Kingston Harbour), Porto Rico, E Costa Rica, G. of Mexico, Cuba, Florida, Long Island, Sargasso Sea, off Bermuda (Station "S"), off W Azores, Medit. (Alboran Sea, Gulf of Gabes, Ioniann-Cyprus, W Egyptian coast, N Lebanon Basin, Black Sea), Red Sea (G. of Aqaba, Hurghada), Natal, Maldive Is., Madagascar, S Indian, Philippines, China Seas, off S New Zealand, Fidji Is., off Hawaii, Galapagos, off Washington, California, S Baja California (La Paz), G. of California, Acapulco Bay, Zihuatanejo Bay, W Costa Rica, Equador, N Chile, Bering Sea.
N: 93
Lg.:
(35) [Atlant. trop.] F: 0,96-0,9; M: 0,96-0,8; [Atlant. N] F: 0,79; M: 0,75-0,66; [Antarct.] F: 0,99; (179) F: 0,94; (237) F: 0,93-1,1; M: 0,8-1,0; (336) F: 1,1-0,9; M: 0,9-0,7; (618) F: 1,03-0,93; M: 0,86-0,83; (651) F: 0,99-0,92; M: 0,89-0,77; (666) F: 1; M: 0,8; (668) F: 0,98-0,96; M: 0,92-0,86; (991) F: 0,96-0,98; M: 0,86-0,92; (1313) M: 0,756-0,812; {F: 0,79-1,10; M: 0,66-1,00}
Rem.: épi-méso-bathypélagic.
Sampling depth (Antarct.) : 0-450 m. Overall Depth Range in Sargasso Sea: 0-500 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, Station "S");
See remark on Farranula carinata.
After Björnberg (1963, p.86) this species is the most frequent Corycaeid, besides C. giesbrechti in the Brazilian waters. When in large numbers, it is a good indicator of very saline (above 35.5 p.1000) and warm waters (above 21°C).
For Fuentes-Reinés & E. Suarez-Morales (2017, p.519), in Colombia, the male can be easily confused with F. carinata, but can be differentiated: 1- the distance of the posterior margin of the genital bulge with respect to the posterior part of the urosome, which is over 1/3 of the length of the urosome in F. gracilis vs about 1/3 in F. carinata; 2- the separation of the ocular lenses, which are slightly more spaced in F. gracilis than in F. carinata

See in DVP Conway & al., 2003 (version 1)
Last update : 13/11/2020
    to add or edit your remark
  
By Mariluz Fernandez de Puelles 2017-11-17 11:03:14    ( Citation of this remark )
Several females of F. gracilis were found from 2000-3000 m depth in the position of long:-115.7725; lat: 13.7653 in April 2011 during the Spanish Malaspina expedition 2010-2011

 Any use of this site for a publication will be mentioned with the following reference :

Razouls C., Desreumaux N., Kouwenberg J. and de Bovée F., 2005-2024. - Biodiversity of Marine Planktonic Copepods (morphology, geographical distribution and biological data). Sorbonne University, CNRS. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en [Accessed March 19, 2024]

© copyright 2005-2024 Sorbonne University, CNRS

Webmaster
CNRS   Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur Mer - Laboratoire Arago
Sorbonne Université

 

Version française
English version

 

Search

On the WEB of CNRS

 


Marine Planktonic Copepods

Marine Planktonic Copepods

 

Imprimer Contact Accueil Plan du site Accès restreint Retour Une du Labo Imprimer Contact Plan du site Crédits Téléchargez les Plug-Ins