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Calanoida ( Order ) |
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Calanoidea ( Superfamily ) |
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Calanidae ( Family ) |
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Calanus ( Genus ) |
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Calanus glacialis Jaschnov, 1955 (F,M) | |
| | | | | | | Syn.: | Calanus finmarchicus : Damas & Koefoed, 1907 (part., p.382, tab.II, III); ? Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.13); Brodsky, 1950 (1972) (p.87, figs.F,M);
Calanus finmarchicus glacialis : Kun, 1969 (p.995, fig.F, Rem., chart); Brodsky, 1972 (1975) (p.110, 115, 118, figs.) | | | | Ref.: | | | Grainger, 1961 (p.663, figs.F,M, Rem.); Jaschnov, 1961 a (p.1326, biogeo); Brodsky, 1961 (p.14, fig.F); Jaschnov, 1963 (p.1005, fig.F, biogeo); Matthews, 1966 (p.479, Rem.); 1967 a (p.159, Rev.); Park, 1968 (p.530, figs.F, Rem.); Minoda, 1971 (p.9); Shih & al., 1971 (p.35, 201, 202: Rem.); Vidal, 1971 a (p.11, 21, figs.F,M); Frost, 1971 (p.23, figs.M, Rem.); Brodsky, 1972 (1975) (p.63, 80,); Vyshkvartzeva, 1972 (1975) (p.188, figs.); Williams, 1972 (p.53, figs.F, carte); Frost, 1974 (p.77, figs.F,M, Rev.); Bradford & Jillett, 1974 (p.6); Jaschnov, 1975 (p.33, figs.F,M); Vyshkvartzeva, 1976 (p.14 & suiv., figs.); Fleminger & Hülsemann, 1977 (p.233, geographical range-taxonomic divergence); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.156, figs.F,M, Rem.); McLaren & Marcogliese, 1983 (p.721, cell nucleus); Fleminger, 1985 (p.275, 285, Table 4, Rem.: A1); Bradford, 1988 (p.76, Rem.); Schnack, 1989 (p.137, fig.7: Md); Bucklin & al., 1995 (p.658); Harris, 1996 (p.95, 98); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.738, Pl.66: F,M); Sundt & Melle, 1998 (p.207, Rem.); Melle & Skjoldal, 1998 (p.211, Rem.); Lindeque & al., 1999 (p.91, Biomol.); Bucklin & al., 1999 (p.239, systématique moléculaire); Bucklin & al., 2000 (p.1237, Rem.: molecular genetic analysis); G. Harding, 2004 (p.9, figs.F,M); Dalpadado & al., 2008 (p.2266, Fig.2: Md, Table 2, 3) |  issued from : T. Park in Antarct. Res. Ser. Washington, 1968, 66 (3). [p.531, Pl.1, Figs.1-2]. Female: (subtropical-tropical Central North Pacific): 1, urosome (dorsal); 2, inner margins of coxae of P5. Nota: The proportional lengths of prosome and urosome are about 3.5-3.7:1.The genital segment is wider than long (53:47). the inner margin of the coxa of P5 has 17 to 29 teeth. The 3rd endopodal segment of P5 has 5 or 6 setae.
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 issued from K. Hulsemann in Invert. Taxon., 1994, 8. [p.1477, Fig.28, B]. Female: B: urosome (left: ventral); right: dorsal). Pore signature schematic by pooled samples (symbols are considerably larger than pores): Filled circle: 100 % presence; open circle: 95-99 % presence; triangle: 50-89 % presence. n =50.
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 issued from : R. Williams in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [p.58, Fig.4]. Female (from N Atlantic): Lateral view (i) and ventral view (ii) of three urosomes showing the variation in shape of the spermathecae and the prominent operculum.
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 issued from : R. Williams in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [Plate XVII]. Female (from N Atlantic): lateral view of the urosome of the three species C. helgolandicus, C.finmarchicus and C. glacialis showing the differences in shape of their spemathecae. The edge of the operculum is easily seen in C. helgolandicus and C. finmarchicus.
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 issued from : R. Williams in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [Plate XVIII, XIX]. Female (from N Atlantic): Above: Ventral view of the urosomes of the three species showing the obvious differences in shape of the spermathecae. The genital pore is in a more posterior position in C. glacialis than in the other two species. Below: A dorsal view of the spermathecae still attached to the basal plate. The spermatophore sac secretion which precedes the extrusion of the spermatozoa, is clearly seen in the spermathecae of C. finmarchicus. The lobed appearance of the spermathecal sacs of C. helgolandicus is also shown.
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 issued from : B.W. Frost in J. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada, 1971, 28. [p.24, Fig.1]. Morphometric analysis of adult males fitting the descriptions of and calanus glacialis from samples scattered throughout the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, Barents Sea and Central Arctic Ocean.
Male P5 of C. glacialis: A, limits of length measurements of left exopodal segments; B, 2nd basipodal segment and proximal exopodal and endopodal segments of left leg showing condyles (arrows) used as limits of segment length measurements; C, limits of length measurements of left endopodal segments.
D: Male P5 of C. finmarchicus (prosome length 2.61 mm; exopodal segment 1: endopodal segment 2 length ratio 2.06.
E: Male P5 of C. glacialis (prosome length 3.71 mm; exopodal segment 1:endopodal segment 2 length ratio 2.07.
All drawings are anterior views; complete armature and total length of all setae not shown.
Scales are 0.2 mm.
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 issued from : B.W. Frost in J. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada, 1971, 28. [p.25, Fig.2]. Morphometric analysis of adult males fitting the descriptions of and calanus glacialis from samples scattered throughout the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans (see Fig.1 for the measurements)
Length of exopodal segment 1 (Re1) of the male P5 plotted against prosome length (solid dots: C. finmarchicus; open circles: C. glacialis).
Equations of least-squares regression lines and correlation coefficients (parentheses).
The prosome was measured in lateral view from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the last thoracic segment.
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 issued from : B.W. Frost in J. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada, 1971, 28. [p.26, Fig.3]. Morphometric analysis of adult males fitting the descriptions of and calanus glacialis from samples scattered throughout the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans (see Fig.1 for the measurements).
Length of exopodal segment 2 (Re2) of the male left P5 plotted against prosome length (solid dots: C. finmarchicus; open circles: C. glacialis).
Equations of least-squares regression lines and correlation coefficients (parentheses).
The prosome was measured in lateral view from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the last thoracic segment.
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 issued from : B.W. Frost in J. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada, 1971, 28. [p.27, Fig.4]. Morphometric analysis of adult males fitting the descriptions of and calanus glacialis from samples scattered throughout the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans (see Fig.1 for the measurements).
Length of exopodal segment 3 (Re3) of the male left P5 plotted against prosome length (solid dots: C. finmarchicus; open circles: C. glacialis).
Equations of least-squares regression lines and correlation coefficients (parentheses).
The prosome was measured in lateral view from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the last thoracic segment.
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 issued from : B.W. Frost in J. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada, 1971, 28. [p.27, Fig.5]. Morphometric analysis of adult males fitting the descriptions of and calanus glacialis from samples scattered throughout the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans (see Fig.1 for the measurements).
Length of endopodal segment 2 (Ri2) of the male left P5 plotted against prosome length (solid dots: C. finmarchicus; open circles: C. glacialis).
Equations of least-squares regression lines and correlation coefficients (parentheses).
The prosome was measured in lateral view from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the last thoracic segment.
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 issued from : B.W. Frost in J. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada, 1971, 28. [p.28, Fig.6]. Morphometric analysis of adult males fitting the descriptions of and calanus glacialis from samples scattered throughout the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans (see Fig.1 for the measurements).
Exopodal segment 1:endopodal segment 2 (Re1:Ri2) length ratio of the male left P5 plotted against prosome length (solid dots: C. finmarchicus; open circles: C. glacialis).
Equations of least-squares regression lines and correlation coefficients (parentheses).
The prosome was measured in lateral view from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the last thoracic segment.
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 issued from : N.V. Vyshkvartzeva in Issed. Fauny Moreï, 1972, 12 (20). [p.164, Fig.3]. Femele: Md (mastcatory edge with codification of the teeth).
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 issued from : N.V. Vyshkvartzeva in Issled. Fauny Moreï, 1972, 12 (20). [p.166, Fig.5, 2a, 2b]. Femele Md (masticatory edge): 1a, lateral view; 2b, another view (disstema).
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 issued from : M. Chihara & M. Murano in An Illustrated Guide to Marine Plankton in Japan, 1997 [p.745, Pl. 66]. After Frost, 1974 Female: a-b, forehead with ocular (lateral and ventral, respectively). 1 : photoreceptors.
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 issued from : S.B. Schnack in Crustacean Issue, 1989, 6. [p.144, Fig.7: 2]. 2, Calanus glacialis (from Arctic): Cutting edge of Md.
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 issued from : K.A. Brodsky in Zool. Zh., 1959, 38, 10. [p.1541, Fig.3]. Comparison of coxopodite inner edge of P5 female for Calanus glacialis (1), Calanus finmarchicus (2) and Calanus helgolandicus (3). Nota: Calanus glacialis : Dentate plate on coxopodite has very short, blunt teeth and is sligh curved in central position. Teeth are close together, without spaces, numbering 30-34. Calanus finmarchicus : Dentate plate on coxopodite has short, blunt teeth, with small spacings. Teeth-line not curved. Number of teeth 29-30. Calanus helgolandicus : Dentate plate on coxopodite very characteristic; teeth have more or less parallel edges, are relatively small, strongly marked curve in middle of line; distal part of plate has closely set, elongated teeth; spaces between teeth only in central part of line, teeth here are rounded, not flat. Number of teeth 28 (according to Jaschnov most specimens from the North Sea had 28-33 teeth).
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 issued from : K.A. Brodsky in Zool. Zh., 1959, 38, 10. [p.1542, Fig.4]. Comparison of left leg of P5 for Calanus glacialis (1), Calanus finmarchicus (2) and Calanus helgolandicus (3). Nota: Calanus glacialis : In segments of exopodite of left leg, the relation of width of 1st and 2nd segments to length of corresponding segments is 1 : 3. Left endopodite reaches almost half the length of the 2nd segment of the exopodite of the same leg. Calanus finmarchicus : Relation of width to length of 1st and 2nd segments of exopodite of left leg is 1 : 2.5. Left endopodite extends beyond middle of 2nd segment of exopodite. Calanus helgolandicus : Relation od width to length of 1st and 2nd segments of exopodite of left leg is 1 : 2.5. left endopodite reaches distal limit of first third of 2nd segment of exopodite of same leg.
| | | | | Compl. Ref.: | | | Jaschnov, 1958 (p.838, fig.2); Grainger, 1961 (p.663, fig.); Grice, 1962 a (p.101, 102); 1963 a (p.495); Grainger, 1963 (p.66, Table I, II, fig.5, 6, 7, 9, chart, size); Mullin, 1963 (p.239, grazing rate); M.W. Johnson, 1963 (p.89, Table 1, 2); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.223); Harding, 1966 (p.17, 65, 66, 71); Pertsova, 1967 (p.240); Dunbar & Harding, 1968 (p.319); Conover & Corner, 1968 (p.49, 59, respiration & nitrogen excretion); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.53, 58, 94, 262, 266); Mullin, 1969 (p.308, Table I: estimates of production); Jaschnov, 1970 (p.199, geographic chart); Corkett, 1972 (p.171, eggs: development rate); Landry, 1975 a (p.434, Rem.: p.437, fig.3);Kolosova, 1975 (p.92, fig. 3, Table 1); 1978 (p.320); Kosobokova, 1980 (p.84, caloric value); Buchanan & Sekerak, 1982 (p.41, vertical distribution); van der Spoel & Heyman, 1983 (p.62, fig.78); McLaren & Marcogliese, 1983 (p.721, body size v.s. nucleus counts); Sameoto, 1984 (p.213, Table 1, fig.3, 6, 8); Arashkevich & Drits, 1984 (p.247, feeding, fecal pellet length); 1984 a (p.513, ingestion rate v.s. food particle size); Peruyeva, 1984 (p.613, Table 1, feeding); Bamstedt, 1984 (p.257, feeding); Smith & al., 1985 (p.693); Bamstedt & Tande, 1985 (p.259, respiration/excretion); Conover & al., 1986 (p.878, Table1, filtration rate); Head & al., 1986 (p.271, grazing); Head & al., 1988 (p.333, Table 1, 2, defecation rate); Smith, 1988 (p.145, tab.2); McLaren & al., 1988 (p.275, DNA content, development rate: egg-nauplius); McLaren & al., 1989 (p.560, life history, annual production); Tande & Henderson, 1988 (p.333, lipid composition); Estep & al., 1990 (p.235, grazing); Conover & al., 1991 (p.177); Hirche, 1991 (p.351); Hirche & al., 1991 (p.477, Fig.3, 6, 7, 8, Table 2); Hirche & Mumm, 1992 (p.S485, geographic distribution, egg production); Head, 1992 (p.583, gut pigment destruction); Herman, 1992 (p.395, fig.8 b, size distribution by OPC); Escribano & McLaren, 1992 (p.77, food-temperature-length-weigt); Niehoff, 1998 (p.53, gonad maturation); Mumm, 1993 (tab.1, fig.2); Richter, 1994 (tab.4.1a); Pedersen & al., 1995 (p.266, tabl.II); Petryashov & al., 1995 (tab.1); Ashjian & al., 1995, p.4371, Fig.4, 5, 6, , Table 2, 4); Hanssen, 1997 (tab.3.1); Daly, 1997 (p.319, Table 4, fecal pellets); Hirche & Kwasniewski, 1997 (p.299, Table 1, 2, 4, 5, Fig.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13); Ashjian & al., 1997 (p.279, Table 1, 2, Figs. 2, 3, 4A,D); Weslawski & Legezynska, 1998 (p.1238); Kosobokova & al., 1998 (tab.2); Mumm & al., 1998 (p.189, Figs.3, 4); Conover & Gustavson, 1999 (p.41, tab.6); Thibault & al., 1999 (p.1391); Kosobokova & Hirche, 2000 (p.2029, tab.2); Musaeva & Suntsov, 2001 (p.511); Hill & al., 2001 (p.279, fig.2: phylogénie); Fortier M. & al., 2001 (p.1263, fig.6, 7, diel vertical migration); Lischka & al., 2001 (p.186); Sameoto, 2001 (p.749, Table 4, Rem.: decadal changes); Johns & al., 2001 (p.2121, Rem: long-term series); Beaugrand & al., 2002 (p.1692); Beaugrand & al., 2002 (p.179, figs.5, 6); Auel & Hagen, 2002 (p.1013, tab. 2, 3); Ringuette & al., 2002 (p.5081, Table 1, 2, Fig.6, population dynamic); Sameoto & al., 2002 (p.12); Astthorsson & Gislason, 2003 (p.843); Kosobokova & al., 2003 (p.697, tab.2); Hirche & Kosobokova, 2003 (p.769, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, Table 2, 3); Ashjian & al., 2003 (p.1235, figs.); Gislason & Astthorsson, 2004 (p.472, tab.1); Lindeque & al., 2004 (p.121, fig.2); CPR, 2004 (p.50, fig.138); Beaugrand, 2004 (p.3, fig.4); Veistheim & al., 2005 (p.382, tab.2, fig.1); Dmoch & Walczowski, 2005 (p.102 + poster); Thor & al., 2005 (p.341); Hopcroft & al., 2005 (p.198, table 2); Blachowiak-Samolyk & al., 2006 (p.101, tab.1); Lindeque & al., 2006 (p.221); Hop & al., 2006 (p.182, Table 4, 5: inter-annual variability, fig.17); Tamelander & al., 2006 (p.231); Deibel & Daly; 2007 (p.271, Table 1, 2, 3, 5, Rem.: Arctic polynyas); Walkusz & al., 2007 (p.43); Daase & al., 2007 (p.903, abundance/T°S); Wold & al., 2007 (p.655, Rem/ Lipids composition); Falk-Petersen & al., 2007 (p.147, Table 9.1); Ferrari & Dahms, 2007 (p.63, Rem.); Olli & al., 2007 (p.84, Rem.: ice drift); Blachowiak-Samolyk & al., 2007 (p.2716, Table 2); Hirche & Kosobokova, 2007 (p.2729, geographic distribution); Lane & al., 2008 (p.97, Tab.4, 6, fig.8); Humphrey, 2008 (p.83: Appendix A); Jensen & al., 2008 (p.99, pyrene effect); Pasternak & al., 2008 (p.2245, Table 1, 2, 3, grazing); Darnis & al., 2008 (p.994, Table 1, figs.8, 9); Tamelander & al., 2008 (p.2330, fig.3, Table 1, organic matter); Madsen & al., 2008 (p.177, egg production); Campbell & al., 2009 (p.1274, Table 2, 3, figs.3, 5, 6, grazing); Hopcroft & al., 2009 (p.9, Table 3); Kosobokova & Hirche, 2009 (p.265, Table 4, fig.9: chart, biomass); Kosobokova & Hopcroft, 2010 (p.96, Table 1, fig.7); Homma & Yamaguchi, 2010 (p.965, Table 2); Head & Pepin, 2010 (p.1633, inter-decadal variability); Hopcroft & al., 2010 (p.27, Table 1, 2); Bucklin & al., 2010 (p.40, Table 1, Biol mol.); Kosobokova & al, 2011 (p.29, Table 2, figs.4, 6, Rem.: Arctic basins); Forest & al., 2011 (p.161, biomass, chemical composition); Hansen B.H. & al., 2011 (p.704, ecotoxicology); Pomerleau & al., 2011 (p.1779, Table III, IV, V, VI, VII); Matsuno & al., 2012 (Table 1, 2, 3, fig.4, 7); Forest & al., 2012 (p.1301, figs.7, 8); Carstensen & al., 2012 (p.951, Fig.2, 9, biomass); DiBacco & al., 2012 (p.483, Table S1, ballast water transport) | | | | NZ: | 5 | | | | | |  Chart of 1996 | |
 issued from : R. Williams in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [p.55, Fig.1].
Ditribution of stages V and VI in the North Atlantic from the Continuous Plankton Recorder.
The chart show the average abundance and distrubution derived from more than 43.000 samples taken a depth of 10 m during 1958 to 1968. The samples were assigned to rectangles of 1° lat. by 2° long. The boundary of the sampled area (defined as those rectangles sampled in more than 5 months) is shown by the straight lines in the chart; within this area the average abundance in each rectangle is shown by circular symbols; the presence of the species in the occasional samples outside this area is indicated by plus signs. The absence (in the sampled area) indicates that the species was not found in CPR.
large and small filled in circles and open circles, respectively, are used to indicate the following categories of abundance (average numbers per sample of 3.3 m3: >0.08 : 0.08-0.03 : <0.03 |
 issued from : N. Mumm, H. Auel, H. Hanssen, W. Hagen, C. Richter & H.-J. Hirche in Polar Biol., 1998, 20. [p.192, Fig.1, p.194, Fig.3]
Fig.1 after Diepenbroek & al., 1997; Station map, the dark line connects stations of different expeditions to a transpolar transect (AB: Amundsen Basin, BS: Barents Sea; GL: Greenland; GS: Greenland Sea; LR: Lomonov Ridge; MB: Makarov Basin; MJP: Morris Jessup Plateau; NB: Nansen Basin; NG: Nansen-Gakkel Ridge; SB: Spitsbergen; WSC: West Spitsbergen Current; YP: Yermak Plateau
Fig.3: Biomass share (% of total mesozooplankton dry mass) of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, Metridia longa and other taxa in 0- to 500 m depth of different Arctic regions (DM total: mean total dry mass).
Note the co-occuring of the three species, but the the different abundance according to the basins.
C. finmarchicus reached a maximum abundance in the WSC, this form was the dominant species in the West Spitsbergen Current and south of the central Nansen Basin.
Note C. glacialis is more important towards the north than the south. |
 issued from : M.C. Kun Zool. Zh., 1969, 48 (7). [p.1000, Fig.3].
Distribution of Calanus glacialis (1), pacificus (2) and sinicus (3) (as Calanus finmarchicus glacialis, pacificus and sinicus in the Japan Sea.
Most cold-water form indicator of the Primorsky Current (C. glacialis. C. pacificus form of the zone where warm and cold weters mix up. C. sinicus form of the Yellow Sea which is carried , primarly, into the East China Sea and, then, into the Sea of Japan and, thus can serve as an indicator of the Yellow Sea waters. |
 issued from : W.A. Jaschnov in Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol., 1970, 55 (2). [p.200, Fig.1]
Distribution of Calanus glacialis from literary sources (as C. finmarchicus) and unpublished data.
Solid lines indicate the position of the convergence zones. Arrows denote some of the currents. Dark circles indicate occurrence in reproduction areas, semi-dark circles in immigrated areas and white circles in expatriation areas (usual single findings). |
 issued from : E.H. Grainger in J. Fish. Bd. Canada, 1961, 18 (5). [p.673, Fig.6].
Distribution of Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in northern North America.
Circles indicate collection first reported by the author, squares collections described by others (mostly Jespersen, 1934). Arrows denote principal water movements. |
 issued from : E.H. Grainger in R. Soc. Canada, Spec. Publs., 1963, 5. [p.77, Fig.5].
Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. White circles show stations where C. glacialis occurred without C. finmarchicus, stipped and black circles relative occurrence of all copepodites stages of C. glacialis (stipped) and C. finmarchicus (black) at stations where both species occurred.
Numbers of a few stations are shown. |
 issued from : E.H. Grainger in R. Soc. Canada, Spec. Publs., 1963, 5. [p.78, Fig.6].
Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. White circles show stations where C. glacialis occurred without C. finmarchicus, stipped and black circles relative occurrence of all copepodites stages of C. glacialis (stipped) and C. finmarchicus (black) at stations where both species occurred.
Numbers of a few stations are shown. |
 issued from : E.H. Grainger in R. Soc. Canada, Spec. Publs., 1963, 5. [p.79, Fig.7].
Labrador and southeast Canadian waters. White circles show stations where C. glacialis occurred without C. finmarchicus, stipped and black circles relative occurrence of all copepodites stages of C. glacialis (stipped) and C. finmarchicus (black) at stations where both species occurred. |
 issued from : I.A. McLaren, M.J. Tremblay, C.J. Corkett & J.C. Roff in Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1989, 46. [p.578, Fig.16].
Relative abundances of stages of Calanus glacialis in samples from Browns Bank (42°35'N, 65°50'W), the samples were obtained by vertical hauls from near bottom (usually 70-80 m) by Hensen-type nets (one of 0.202 mm mesh and the other of 0.064 mm mesh). and Emerald Bank (43°30'N, 63°00'W), the samples were obtained by vertical hauls from near bottom (usually 25 m) by Hensen-type nets (one of 0.250 mm mesh and the other of 0.064 mm mesh)..
Bars are No.-100/m3 for Emerald and No./haul for Browns Bank. |
| | | | Loc: | | | Arct. (all polar basins), Nansen Basin, Amundsen basin, Barrow Strait, Arct. (Fletcher's Ice Is.), Fram Strait, Spitzberg, White Sea, Barents Sea, Pechora Sea, Mer de Laptev, Lomonosov Ridge, Mer de Chukchi, SE Beaufort Sea, Canada Basin), Devon Island, Amundsen Gulf, Barrow Strait, Fram Strait, Kongsfjorden (Spitsberg), Greenland Sea, Baffin Bay, Disko Bay, Davis Strait, Nova Scotia, Halifax, Browns Bank, Emerald Basin, off Terre-Neuve, Gulf of Maine (rare), Atlant. NE & NW (temperate), Norvège (fjords), off Bear Island, Kouriles-Kamtchatka, Okhotsk Sea, Mer de Béring, off Hawaii N, | | | | N: | 138 | | | | Lg.: | | | (72) F: 4,3-3,4; M: 3,7-3,1; (329) F: 5,46-3,6; M: 5,36-3,9; (339) F: 5,05; (796) F: 5,6-4,7; M: 4,35-5,55; (866) F: 3,3-5,5; M: 3,9-5,4; (1099) F: 4,25-6,0; {F: 3,30-6,00; M: 3,10-5,60} | | | | Rem.: | Certain confusions exist in the literature between C. glacialis and C. marshallae on one side (Pacific Ocean) and between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis on the other (Atlantic Ocean) (Cf. Park, 1974, p.77 & followings).
For Frost (1971, p.29) C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis are distinct species and disagrees with the opinions of Aurich (1966) and Matthews (1967) who worked primarily with the female taxonomic characters developped by Jaschnov (1955, 1957).
This polar species seems to have increased recently in the NW Atlantic, till 39° latitude (Johns & al., 2001) off Georges Bank and in the Central North Pacific till 30° ( Park, 1968). | | | Last update : 18/05/2013 | |
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 Any use of this site for a publication will be mentioned with the following reference :
Razouls C., de Bovée F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2012. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
[Accessed May 21, 2013] © copyright 2005-2012 CNRS, UPMC
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