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Calanoida ( Order ) |
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Calanoidea ( Superfamily ) |
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Calanidae ( Family ) |
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Calanus ( Genus ) |
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Calanus hyperboreus Kröyer, 1838 (F,M) | |
| | | | | | | Syn.: | Calanus magnus Lubbock,1854;
Calanus plumosus Lubbock,1854;
no C. hyperboreus : Wilson, 1942 a (p.173) | | | | Ref.: | | | Kröyer, 1838 (in Damkaer & Damkaer, 1979, p.20); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.91, 128, figs.F); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.15); Sars, 1901 a (1903) (p.12, figs.F,M); Mràzek, 1902 (p.506); Farran, 1908 b (p.20); Lysholm, 1913 (p.5); With, 1915 (p.30, figs.F); Sars, 1925 (p.6); Rose, 1929 (p.6); 1933 a (p.57, figs.F,M); Jespersen, 1934 (p.34, Rem.); 1940 (p.7); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.6); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.86, figs.F,M); Farran & Vervoort, 1951 (n°32, p.3, fig.F); Wiborg, 1954 (p.103); 1955 (p.24); Tanaka, 1956 (p.258, Rem.); Conover, 1965 (p.153, figs.F,M, Rem. intersex.); 1965 a (p.308, figs.juv.5); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.45, 61, 63, 65, 86, 90, 95, 96, 112, 234, 262, 266); Shih & al., 1971 (p.36, 202); Vidal, 1971 a (p.11, 20, 113, figs.F,M); Marshall & Orr, 1972 (p.8); Brodsky, 1972 (1975) (p.9, 68, 84, 117, figs.F,M); Vyshkvartzeva, 1972 (1975) (p.188, figs.); Bradford & Jillett, 1974 (p.6); Vyshkvartzeva, 1976 (p.14); 1977 a (p.97, figs.); Schnack, 1982 (p.144, fig.Md); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.174, figs.F,M, Rem.); Fleminger, 1985 (p.275, 285, fig.); Bradford, 1988 (p.76, Rem.); Bucklin & al., 1995 (p.658); Harris, 1996 (p.95, 98); Melle & Skjoldal, 1998 (p.211, Rem.); Lindeque & al., 1999 (p.91, Biomol.); Hill & al., 2001 (p.279, fig.2: phylogénie) |  issued from : R.J. Conover in Crustaceana, 1965, 8. [p.154, Fig.1]. Comparison of head appendages and fifth legs of normal male and female and the intersex (from Long Island, USA): a, P5 (normal female); b, idem (normal male; c, idem (intersex); d, mandible blade (normal female); e, idem (normal male); f, idem (intersex); g, precoxal gnathobase on Mx1 (male; h, idem (intersex); i, coxa and basipod of Mxp (male); j, idem (female); k, idem (intersex). Nota: In normal animals, the inner margin of the coxae of P5 usually bears from 19 to 31 teeth which are not continuous to the distal end of the segment. There seems to be no sexual difference in the number of teeth, but the inner margin bearing them is straight or convex in the female and concave in the male. The exopod and endopod consist of 3 segments each in the adult of both sexes. The P5 male are slightly asymmetrical, particularly the most distal segment of the left exopod which is concave along the inner margin and lined with short, stiff bristles. The P5 interxex were abnormal, with the exopod and endopod of left leg both 2-segmented, as was also the exopod of the right leg. The coxae of the intersex's P5 appear to be of the female type (compare figs. 1a and c), with coxal teeth counts of 19 and 20 on the left and right sides, respectively. In normal adult, the mouth parts of C. hyperboreus are similar to those of C. finmarchicus, but because of the differences in feeding behavior between the sexes a more detailed study was made of those of C. hyperboreus: 1- A2 consists of an exopod 7-segmented and an endopod 2-segmented, each differing only slightly between sexes except in relative size; both rami are proportionally longer in males than in either stage V or adult females, suggesting allometric enlargement in the last molt. 2- Md blabe is of the typical Calanus type described by Beklemishev (1959), but there is a marked reduction in width of the chewing surface in the male, the entire blade in the male is relatively soft and the teeth lack a heavy sclerotic coat; also missing in the males are the short stiff bristles found in both stage V copepodids and females along the ventral edge of the blade near its narrowest dimension. 3- the anterior labrum is soft and has reduced musculature in the male. 4 - The length of Mx2 is relatively less than in males and the setation is somewhat reduced. 5 - Mxp was the only mouthpart measured taht failed to show allometric growth between the stages; the basal 2 segments (coxa and basipod) also show considerably reduced setation in the male as compared with the female. In the intersex, the mouthparts were largely of the female type. On dissection, the genital system showed both male and female characteristics (see figure 2, below).
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 issued from : G.O. Sars in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. IV. Copepoda Calanoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1903. [Pl. V]. Female & Male.
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 issued from K. Hulsemann in Invert. Taxon., 1994, 8. [p.1477, Fig.28, D]. Female: D, urosome (left: ventral); right: dorsal). Pore signature schematic by pooled samples (symbols are considerably larger than pores): Filled circle: 100 % presence; open circle: 95-99 % presence; triangle: 50-89 % presence. n = 15.
| | | | | Compl. Ref.: | | | Damas & Koefoed, 1907 (? part., p.352, tab.II, III); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (part., p.178, non stations Pacif.); Grice, 1962 a (p.101, 102); Marshall & Orr, 1962 (tab.3); Grainger, 1963 (p.86, figs.); Grice, 1963 a (p.495); M.W. Johnson, 1963 (p.89, Table 1, 2); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.223); Harding, 1966 (p.17, 65, 66, 71); Dunbar & Harding, 1968 (p.319); Harding, 1974 (p.141, tab.2); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (tab.2); [Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.82)]; Smith & al., 1985 (p.693); Groendahl & Hernroth, 1986 (tab.1); Smith, 1988 (p.145, tab.2); Kosobokova, 1989 (p.27); Fransz & al., 1991 (p.9); Conover & al., 1991 (p.177); Hirche, 1991 (p.351); Mumm, 1993 (tab.1, fig.2); Richter, 1994 (tab.4.1a); Vinogradov & al., 1994 (tab.1); Petryashov & al., 1995 (tab.1); Hanssen, 1997 (tab.3.1); Weslawski & Legezynska, 1998 (p.1238); Kosobokova & al., 1998 (tab.2); Mauchline, 1998 (tab.21, 26, 33, 45, 46, 47, 48, 58, 63); Conover & Gustavson, 1999 (p.41, tab.6); Halvorsen & Tande, 1999 (p.284, tab.2, 3, Rem.: p.281); Thibault & al., 1999 (p.1391); Kosobokova & Hirche, 2000 (p.2029, tab.2); Huggett & Richardson, 2000 (p.1843, tab.2); White & McLaren, 2000 (p.751, tab.1); Musaeva & Gagarin, 2000 (p.534, tab.1); Musaeva & Suntsov, 2001 (p.511); Lischka & al., 2001 (p.186); Sameoto, 2001 (p.749, Table 4, Rem.: decadal changes); Johns & al., 2001 (p.2121, Rem.: long-term series); Holmes, 2001 (p.37); Beaugrand & al., 2002 (p.1692); Beaugrand & al., 2002 (p.179, figs.5, 6); Auel & Hagen, 2002 (p.1013, tab. 2, 3); Sameoto & al., 2002 (p.12); Astthorsson & Gislason, 2003 (p.843); Ashjian & al., 2003 (p.1235, figs.); Lindeque & al., 2004 (p.121, fig.2); Gislason & Astthorsson, 2004 (p.472, tab.1, fig.4); CPR, 2004 (p.50, fig.140); Veistheim & al., 2005 (p.382, tab.2, fig.1); Dmoch & Walczowski, 2005 (p.102 + poster); Thor & al., 2005 (p.341); Hirche & al., 2005 (p.310); Somoue & al., 2005 (Table I: p.66); Blachowiak-Samolyk & al., 2006 (p.101, tab.1); Hopcroft & al., 2005 (p.198, table 2); Lindeque & al., 2006 (p.221); Basedow & al., 2006 (p.1186: Table II); Falk-Petersen & al., 2007 (p.147, Table 9.1); Lane & al., 2008 (p.97, Tab.4, 6, fig.6); Ota & al., 2008 (p.215, nauplii); Gaard & al., 2008 (p.59, Table 1, N Mid-Atlantic Ridge) | | | | NZ: | 6 | | | | | | | | |  Chart of 1996 | |
| | | | Loc: | | | Arct., Arct. (Fletcher's Ice Is.), Pechora Sea, Mer de Kara, Mer de Laptev, Lomonosov Ridge, Mer Chukchi, Bassin de Foxe, Barrow Strait, Canadian abyssal plain, Disko Bay, Mer du Groenland, Spitzberg, Islande, Féroé, Mer de Norvège, Mer de Barents, off Irlande W, Mer du Nord, Atlant. NW, off Woods Hole, G. du Maine, baie de Fundy, Nouvelle-Ecosse, G. du St. Laurent, Mer des Sargasses (in Grice & Hart, 1962; Deevey & Brooks, 1977); off coast of southern Morocco (in Somoue & al, 2005) | | | | N: | 105 | | | | Lg.: | | | (7) F: 9-7,5; (22) F: 10-7; M: 7-5; (47) F: 9,6-6,9; (65) F: 9; M: 6,5; (131) F: 10-7; M: 7-5; (328) F; ± 6,77; (790) F: 8,7-5,3; M: 6,77-5,55; {F: 5,30-10,00; M: 5,55-7,00} | | | | Rem.: | No doubt mistakenly reported in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Pacific.
Reported far south from its natural area, its abundance seems to have increased in the NW Atlantic by 39°N (Johns & al., 2001). Observed at 11 coastal stations in March from the southern Morocco. | | | Last update : 02/06/2010 | |
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 Any use of this site for a publication will be mentioned with the following reference :
Razouls C., de Bovée F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2010. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
[Accessed September 02, 2010] © copyright 2005-2010 CNRS, UPMC
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