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Calanoida ( Order ) |
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Arietelloidea ( Superfamily ) |
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Heterorhabdidae ( Family ) |
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Heterorhabdus ( Genus ) |
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Heterorhabdus spinifrons (Claus, 1863) (F,M) | |
| | | | | | | Syn.: | Heterochaeta spinifrons Claus, 1863 (p.182, figs.F); Brady, 1883 (p.49, figs.F,M);
Heterochäta spinifrons (M) : Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.372, 382, 773, figs.M, non F);
Heterorhabdus (Heterorhabdus) spinifrons : Vervoort, 1965 (p.119, Rem.); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.87, figs.F,M, Rem., figs.175, 191); | | | | Ref.: | | | Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.114); Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.235, 249); Esterly, 1905 (p.183, figs.F); 1906 a (p.77, fig.M); Farran, 1908 b (p.65); A. Scott, 1909 (p.130, Rem.); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.302); Pesta, 1920 (p.531); Lysholm & Nordgaard, 1921 (p.25); Sars, 1925 (p.227, figs.F, M); Farran, 1926 (p.282); 1929 (p.209, 264); Sewell, 1932 (p.300); Wilson, 1932 a (p.133, figs.F,M); Rose, 1933 a (p.202, figs.F,M); Farran, 1936 a (p.112); Jespersen, 1940 (p.55); Sewell, 1947 (p.179, fig.44, Rem.F); Farran, 1948 e (n°16, p.3, figs.F,M); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.351, figs.F,M); Chiba & al., 1957 (p.308); 1957 a (p.11); Vervoort, 1957 (p.133, Rem.); Grice, 1962 (p.222, figs.F); Paiva, 1963 (p.59, figs.M); Tanaka, 1964 a (p.13, figs.F,M); Mazza, 1965 a (p.314, figs.F,M, juv.); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.79, figs.F,M); Mazza, 1967 (p.191, 202, figs.F,M, juv.); Shih & al., 1971 (p.40); Bowman, 1971 b (p.40, figs.F, Rem.); Razouls, 1972 (p.95, Annexe: p.76); Arcos, 1974 (p.223, figs.F,M); 1975 (p.22, figs.F,M); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.648, figs.F,M); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.372, figs.F,M); Roe, 1984 (p.358); Mazzocchi & al., 1995 (p.35, figs.F,M, Rem.); Nishida & Ohtsuka, 1996 (p.620, figs.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.819, Pl.118,120: F,M); Ohtsuka & al., 1997 (p.579, figs.F); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.883, 944, figs.F,M); Park, 2000 (p.92, figs.F,M, Rem.); G. Harding, 2004 (p.4, figs.F,M); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.308, figs.F,M, Rem.) |  issued from : T. Park in Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. California, San Diego, 2000, 31. [p.211, Fig.59]. Female (Atlantic specimen): a, habitus (left side); b, c, urosome (left, dorsal, respectively); d, e, forehead (left, dorsal, respectively); f, g, h, i, genital somite (dorsal, right, left, ventral, respectively); j, left A1 (ventral)
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 issued from : T. Park in Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. California, San Diego, 2000, 31. [p.212, Fig.60]. Female: a, left A2 (posterior); b, first endopodal segment of left A2 (anterior); c, left Md (posterior); d, masticatory edge of left Md (posterior); e, masticatory edge of right Md (posterior); f, left Mx1 (posterior); g, left Mx2 (posterior); h, right Mxp (anterior); i, P1 (anterior); j, basipod of P1 (posterior); k, P2 (anterior); l, P3 (anterior); m, P4 (anterior).
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 issued from : T. Park in Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. California, San Diego, 2000, 31. [p.213, Fig.61]. Female: a, P5 (anterior). Male: b, urosome (dorsal); c, left A1 (dorsal); d, P5 (anterior); e, right P5 (endopod omitted), anterior; f, distal end of exopod of right P5 (lateral); g, exopod of right P5 (posterior); h, second exopodal segment of right P5 (anterior); i, distal exopodal segments of left P5 (anterior). dlb = distal lobe; plb = proximal lobe; tsp = terminal spiniform process.
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 issued from : T. Park in Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. California, San Diego, 2000, 31. [p.214, Fig.62]. Female (specimen from off west coast of North America): a, urosome (left side); b, c, d, e, genital somite (left, right, dorsal, ventral, respectively).
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 issued from : O. Tanaka in Publs Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1964, XII (1). [p.14, Fig.179]. Female: a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (left lateral side); c, last thoracic segment and genital somite (left lateral side); d, P5. Nota: A1 exceeds the end of the furca by distal 2 segments. Male: e, P5.
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 issued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve in The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pelagic Calanoid Copepoda. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 111, 1999. [p.87, Fig.55]. Female: A, genital somite (dorsal); B, idem (left lateral side); C, forehead (dorsal); D, anterior part of the head (left lateral side); E, Mx2 (lobe 4); F, P5. Nota: remark a short 3rd seta on lobe 4of Mx2.
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 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.37, Fig.3.3.1]. Female: A, habitus (dorsal); B, genital somite (lateral left side); C, P5. Nota: A1 exceeds caudal rami by about 2 segments. Proportional lengths of urosomites and furca 42:15:12:12:19 = 100. Caudal rami asymmetrical; left ramus longer, bearing very long strong inner marginal seta. Male: D, habitus (dorsal); E, P5. Nota: Proportional lengths of urosomites and furca 23:19:16:11:8:23 = 100
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 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.39, Fig.3.3.3]. Female (SEM preparation): A, urosome (ventral); B, genital somite (lateral left side); C and D, detail of integumental cone-like pores on either side of genital aperture (arrow in B). Bars: A-B 0.100 mm; C 0.010 mm; D 0.005 mm.
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 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.40, Fig.3.3.4]. Male (SEM preparation): B, posterior margins of urosome (dorsal); C, asymmetrical caudal rami (dorsal). Bars: B 0.050 mm; C 0.100 mm.
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 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.41, Fig.3.3.5]. Male (SEM preparation): A, protuberance on forehead ending with a short spine (dorsal view); B, P5; C and D, ear-like lobes on inner margins of basipod 2 of P5 (arrows in B). Bars: A 0.050 mm; B 0.100 mm; C, D 0.010 mm.
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 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.38, Fig.3.3.2]. Female (SEM preparation): B, forehead (dorsal) with characteristic protuberance ending with a sharp spine; C, rostrum with 2 filaments; D, urosome (dorsal). B 0.050 mm; C 0.005 mm; D 0.100 mm.
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 Issued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl.LXII, figs.9-12]. Female: 9, habitus (dorsal); 10, forehead (lateral); 11, urosome (lateral left side). Male: 12, right P5.
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 issued from : R.B.S. Sewell in The John Murray Expedition, 1933-34, Scientific Reports, VIII (1), 1947. [p.166, Fig.44, L]. Process on the posterior aspect of the 2nd basal segment of P1. Remarks: The shape of the hook-like or spine-like process shows some variation in different genera, but it is undoubtedly homologous throughout the whole series. The function of this organ is unknown.
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 issued from : S. Ohtsuka, H.Y. Soh & S. Nishida in J. Crustacean Biol., 1997, 17 (4). [p.582, Fig.3, A, B]. Female (from S. Japan): A, right mandibular cutting edge; B, left cutting edge. v = ventral teeth; c = central teeth. Scale bars : 0.100 mm (A, B).
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 issued from : S. Ohtsuka, H.Y. Soh & S. Nishida in J. Crustacean Biol., 1997, 17 (4). [p.583, Fig.4, F]. Female (S Japan): F, left side of labrum (posterior surface) with gland openings (small and large arrows). Scale bar: 0.010 mm.
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 issued from : C.O. Esterly in Univ. Calif. Publs. Zool., 1905, 2 (4). [p.183, Fig.37]. Female (from San Diego Region): a, forehead (lateral, left side); b, Mxp (b.1 = 1st basal).
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 issued from : C.O. Esterly in Univ. Calif. Publs Zool., 1906, 3 (5). [Pl.14, Fig.93]. Male (from San Diego, California): 93, P5.
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 issued from : D.F.R. Arcos in Gayana, Zool., 1975, 32. [Lam.VIII, Figs.68-70]. Female (from Bahia de Concepcion, Chile): 69, P5. Male: 68, habitus (dorsal); 70, P5.
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 issued from : T.E. Bowman in Smithson. Contr. Zool., 1971, 96. [p.47, Fig.43, d]. Female (from Florida): d, distal end of Mx2.
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 39, Fig. 51]. As Heterochäta spinifrons. Male: 51, anal segment and caudal rami.
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 20 , Fig.11 ]. As Heterochäta spinifrons. Male: 11, Md (mandibular palp).
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 20 , Fig.16]. As Heterochäta spinifrons. Male: 16, Mx2 (posterior view).
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 20 , Fig.19 ]. As Heterochäta spinifrons. Male: 19, basipod of Mxp (anterior view).
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 20 , Fig.31]. As Heterochäta spinifrons. Male: 31, P5 (anterior view). Ps = left P5; Pd = right P5; B1 = basipod 1 (= coxa); B2 = basipod 2 (= basis); Ri = endopod; Re = exopod.
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 issued from : G.D. Grice in Fish. Bull. Fish and Wildl. Ser., 1962, 61. [p.221, Pl.24, Figs.10-11]. Female (from equatorial Pacific): 10, forehead (lateral); 11, Mx2. Nota: One of the distal 3 spines of Mx2 is small and slender.
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 issued from : R.-M. Barthélémy in These Doct. Univ. Provence (Aix-Marseille I), 1999. [Fig.18, B]. Female (Gulf of Marseille: France): B, external ventral genital double-somite. go = genital operculum. Scale bar: 0.100 mm.
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 Issued from : G.S. Brady in Rep. Scient. Results Voy. Challenger, Zool., 1883, 8 (23). [Pl. XIII]. As Heterochaeta spinifrons. Female: 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, A1; 4, A2; 5, Md; 6, Mx1; 7, Mx2; 8, Mxp; 9, exopod of P3; 11, P5; 12, urosome with spermatophore attached; 13, portion of spermarophore with spermatozoids (more highly magnified). Male: 3, left A1; 10, P5.
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 20 , Fig.3 ]. As Heterochäta spinifrons. Male: 3, A1 (segments 1 to 16)
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 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 20 , Fig.3 ]. As Heterochäta spinifrons. Male: 3, A1 (segments 15 to 25).
| | | | | Compl. Ref.: | | | Cleve, 1904 a (p.191); Wilson, 1942 a (p.190); Massuti Alzamora, 1942 (p.95, Rem.); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.35); Sewell, 1948 (p.349, 503, 509, 516, 519, 521, 530, 534, 539, 547, 558, 567); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.240); King & Hida, 1955 (p.11); Fagetti, 1962 (p.30); Ganapati & Shanthakumari, 1962 (p.8, 15); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); Grice, 1963 a (p.496); Ahlstrom & Thrailkill, 1963 (p.57, Table 5, abundance); Björnberg, 1963 (p.53, Rem.); Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.29); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.12); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.224); Pavlova, 1966 (p.44); Mazza, 1966 (p.71); 1967 (p.367); Fleminger, 1967 a (tabl.1); Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.18); De Decker, 1968 (p.45); Morris, 1970 (p.2301); Park, 1970 (p.477); Deevey, 1971 (p.224); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, tabl.2); Apostolopoulou, 1972 (p.328, 362); Björnberg, 1973 (p.345, 387); Guglielmo, 1973 (p.399); de Bovée, 1974 (p.109, 124); Vives & al., 1975 (p.49, tab.II, III); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.256, tab.2, Station "S"); Carter, 1977 (1978) (p.36); Dessier, 1979 (p.206); Vaissière Séguin, 1980 (p.23, tab.1); Vives, 1982 (p.293); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.84); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Tremblay & Anderson, 1984 (p.5: Rem.); De Decker, 1984 (p.317); Cummings, 1984 (p.163, Table 2); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1984 (1043); Regner, 1985 (p.11, Rem.: p.36); Brenning, 1985 a (p.28, Table 2); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.59); Heinrich, 1990 (p.18); Pancucci-Papadopoulou & al., 1990 (p.199); Suarez & al., 1990 (tab.2); Suarez & Gasca, 1991 (tab.2); Suarez, 1992 (App.1); Hattori, 1991 (tab.1, Appendix); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1991 (p.270); Kouwenberg, 1994 (tab.1); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.70); Errhif & al., 1997 (p.422); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.66, 102); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.110); Lapernat, 1999 (p.20, 55); 2000 (tab.3); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, Appendix); Lopez-Salgado & al., 2000 (tab.1); d'Elbée, 2001(tabl. 1); Lapernat & Razouls, 2001 (p.123, tab.1); Holmes, 2001 (p.16); Vukanic, 2003 (139, tab.1); Hsiao & al., 2004 (p.326, tab.1); Lo & al., 2004 (p.89, tab.1); Dias & Araujo, 2006 (p.51, Rem., chart); Dur & al., 2007 (p.197, Table IV); Neumann-Leitao & al., 2008 (p.799: Tab.II, fig.6); Fernandes, 2008 (p.465, Tabl.2); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Licandro & Icardi, 2009 (p.17, Table 4); Williamson & McGowan, 2010 (p.273, Table 3, Pacific central gyres: N and S); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2010 (p.2064, Table 2: E Atlantic subtropical/tropical); Hidalgo & al., 2010 (p.2089, Table 2); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.425); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Hsiao S.H. & al., 2011 (p.475, Appendix I) | | | | NZ: | 22 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  issued from : C. de O. Dias & A.V. Araujo in Atlas Zoopl. reg. central da Zona Econ. exclus. brasileira, S.L. Costa Bonecker (Edit), 2006, Série Livros 21. [p.51].
Chart of occurrence in Brazilian waters (sampling between 22°-23° S)
Nota: sampling only 2 specimens. |
| | | | Loc: | | | Antarct. (Indien), sub-Antarct. (Indien, Pacif. SE), Afr. S (E & W), Namibie, off Tristan da Cunha E, off I. Trinidade, off Ste Hélène S, Brésil, Congo, G. de Guinée, Is. du Cap Vert, off Is. du Cap Vert NW, off Mauritanie, Maroc-Mauritanie, Canaries, off Madère, off Portugal, off Amazone, Venezuela, Mer des Antilles, Caribbean Colombia, Caraïbes, G. du Mexique, Cuba, Floride, Mer des Sargasses, off Bermuda (Station "S"), G. du Maine, Woods Hole, Islande S, off Irlande SW, Açores, G. de Gascogne, off Cap Finisterre, Baie Ibéro-marocaine, Médit. (Mer d'Alboran, Castellon, Banyuls, G. du Lion, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhénienne, Milazzo, Messine, off Malte, Adriatique, Ionienne, Mer Egée, bassin Levantin), G. d’Aden, Mer Arabe, Is. Laquedives, off Minicoy Is., Natal, Indien, Inde (Lawson's Bay), G. du Bengale, Indien S (convergence subtropicale), Indonésie-Malaisie, Philippines, mers de Chine (East China Sea, South China Sea), Taiwan (SW, E, N: Mienhua Canyon), Japon (Izu), off Japon S, off Sanriku, Nansei Is., Mer de Béring, Station "P", off British Columbia, Pacif. W (équatorial), Australie (Grande Barrière), Mer de Tasman N, Nouvelle-Zélande, off Tasmanie S, Pacif. (central sutropical N), off Hawaii S, off California, San Diego, W Baja California, Pacif. (équatorial), Pacific central gyres: N and S, Pâques NE, Galapagos SE, off Pérou, Pacif. SE (tropic.), Chili (N-S), Straits of Magellan (Pacific and Central area) | | | | N: | 130 | | | | Lg.: | | | (1) F: 3,3; (11) F: 3,433; (16) F: 3,4-2,8; M: 3,05-2,85; (17) F: 3; (22) F: 3,5-3; M: 3,4-2,95; (24) F: 4; (34) F: 2,14; M: 3,14; (35) F: 3,6; (36) F: 3,82-3,49; M: 3,59-3,43; (38) F: 3,12-2,96; M: 3,4-2,7; (45) F: 3,5-3; M: 3,3-2,95; (46) F: 3,15-3; (73) M: 3,04-2,77; (101) F: 3,57-2,1; M: 3,2-2,41; (121) F: 3,48; M: 3,19-2,95; (142) F: 3,4; (199) F: 3,5-2,74; M: 2,96-2,2; (205) M: 3,4-3,2; (207) F: 3,4-2,92; M: 3,2-2,76; (237) F: 2,5; M: 2,01; (260) F: 3,4-2,92; M: 3,16-2,88; (340) F: 3; (432) F: 3,8-3,3; (449) F: 3,4-3; M: 3,4-2,95; (808) F: 3,46-3,07; (824) F: 4-3,04; M: 3,84-3; (909) F: 3,4-3,9; M: 2,6-3,5; {F: 2,10-4,0; M: 2,01-3,84} | | | | Rem.: | "Spinifrons Group".
epi-meso-bathypelagic.
Sampling depth (Antarct., sub-Antarct.) : 0-600 m. Overall Depth Range in Sargasso Sea: 0-1500 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, Station "S");
After Björnberg (1963, p.53) this species is recorded for the first time off Brazil.
Confusions are possible between this species, previously described in the ancient literature and the new species described by Park (2000) from the Indo-Pacific.
After Lapernat & Razouls (2002, p.19) the Itoh's index value = 2751.6 (number of teeth: 4) on the right Md, and 3902 on the left Md (number of teeth: 3). | | | Last update : 13/05/2013 | |
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 Any use of this site for a publication will be mentioned with the following reference :
Razouls C., de Bovée F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2012. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
[Accessed May 21, 2013] © copyright 2005-2012 CNRS, UPMC
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