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Taxonomy
Family
Hyperbionychidae Ohtsuka, Roe & Boxshall, 1993 ( Arietelloidea )
Ref.:
Ohtsuka & al., 1993 (p.70, 78); Cuoc & al., 1997 (p.663: Hyperbionychidae); Ohtsuka & Huys, 2001 (p.461); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.13, 128); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.103, Table 1, Fig.2, 3, 4, Biol. mol, phylogeny); Laakmann & al., 2019 (p.330, fig. 2, 3, phylogenetic relationships)
Rem.:
2 G: Hyperbionyx, Lamiantennula.
Hyperbenthic forms by great depth.
Hyperbenthic forms by great depth.
Figures
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Plate 1
Issued from : G.A. Boxshall & S.H. Halsey in An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, 2004, No 166, Part. I. [p.128].
Armature formula of swimming legs P1 to P4.
Nota: Female P5 uniramous, nearly symmetrical; coxae fused to intercoxal sclerite to form common base; basis with outer seta; exopod 1-segmented, armed with 2, 1, 2 elements.
- Male P5 uniramous, asymmetrical; right leg coxa fused to intercoxal sclerite; basis with posterior seta and inner process possibly representing endopod; exopod 3-segmented with distal 2 segments partly fused and lamellate. Left leg coxa incompletely fused to intercoxal sclerite; basis expanded anteriorly, with posterior seta and inner angle process (? endopod); exopod 3-segmented, segments 1 and 2 each with 1 spine, segment 3 curved, bearing 1 seta and 2 plate-like elements
Issued from : G.A. Boxshall & S.H. Halsey in An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, 2004, No 166, Part. I. [p.128].
Armature formula of swimming legs P1 to P4.
Nota: Female P5 uniramous, nearly symmetrical; coxae fused to intercoxal sclerite to form common base; basis with outer seta; exopod 1-segmented, armed with 2, 1, 2 elements.
- Male P5 uniramous, asymmetrical; right leg coxa fused to intercoxal sclerite; basis with posterior seta and inner process possibly representing endopod; exopod 3-segmented with distal 2 segments partly fused and lamellate. Left leg coxa incompletely fused to intercoxal sclerite; basis expanded anteriorly, with posterior seta and inner angle process (? endopod); exopod 3-segmented, segments 1 and 2 each with 1 spine, segment 3 curved, bearing 1 seta and 2 plate-like elements
Genus
Ref.:
Ohtsuka & al., 1993 a (p.70, Def.); Mauchline, 1998 (p.73: F; p.74: M); Cuoc & al., 1997 (p.651, Fig.6: female genital area); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.70, Def.); Bradford-Grieve, 2004 (p.287); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.128); Bradford-Grieve, 2010 (p.2167)
Ref.:
Type: Hyperbionyx pluto Ohtsuka, Roe & Boxshall, 1993. Total: 2 spp.
Diagnosis after Bradford-Grieve (1999 b, p.70) :
- Head and pedigerous segment 1 separate, pedigerous segments 4 and 5 fused with their posterolateral corners slightly produced outwards.
- Genital segment of female with ventrolateral functional left, and non-functional right gonopores.
- Caudal rami asymmetrical, right longer than left.
- Rostrum triangular with a pair of long filaments.
- Right A1 female indistinctly 27-segmented, shorter than left.
- A2 with an indistinctly 3-segmented endopod and incompletely 9-segmented exopod.
- Md blade with 2 strong teeth and palp comprising a 2-segmented endopod and indistinctly 5-segmented exopod.
- Mx1 with 7 spines and 6 setae on inner lobe 1; 3 setae on inner lobe 2; and 2 setae on outer lobe 1; endopod elongate, 1-segmented with 5 setae; exopod incompletely fused with basipod and bears 2 setae.
- Mx2 well-developed; lobe 4 with a stout serrated spine; lobe 5 considerably produced anteriorly, bearing a chitinised spine; terminal endopod segments relatively reduced.
- Mxp with basipods 1 and 2 with 4 and 3 setae respectively; terminal endopod segment with relatively well-developed, serrate setae.
- P1 basipod 2 lacks an outer edge seta; distal 2 endopod segments completely or incompletely separate; exopod segment 1 with a long spiniform outer seta; exopod segment 2 lacking an outer spine; exopod segment 3 with 2 lateral and 1 terminal spine.
- P3 with 1 small outer seta on posterior surface of basipod 2.
- P4 with inner seta on basipod 1.
- P5 female uniramous, nearly symmetrical, lacking endopod; exopod 1-segmented with 2 lateral spines and 1 terminal and 2 inner setae.
- P5 male uniramous, asymmetrical; right basipod 2 with an inner projection derived from endopod; distal 2 exopod segments of right leg expanded, lamellar.
Diagnosis after Bradford-Grieve (1999 b, p.70) :
- Head and pedigerous segment 1 separate, pedigerous segments 4 and 5 fused with their posterolateral corners slightly produced outwards.
- Genital segment of female with ventrolateral functional left, and non-functional right gonopores.
- Caudal rami asymmetrical, right longer than left.
- Rostrum triangular with a pair of long filaments.
- Right A1 female indistinctly 27-segmented, shorter than left.
- A2 with an indistinctly 3-segmented endopod and incompletely 9-segmented exopod.
- Md blade with 2 strong teeth and palp comprising a 2-segmented endopod and indistinctly 5-segmented exopod.
- Mx1 with 7 spines and 6 setae on inner lobe 1; 3 setae on inner lobe 2; and 2 setae on outer lobe 1; endopod elongate, 1-segmented with 5 setae; exopod incompletely fused with basipod and bears 2 setae.
- Mx2 well-developed; lobe 4 with a stout serrated spine; lobe 5 considerably produced anteriorly, bearing a chitinised spine; terminal endopod segments relatively reduced.
- Mxp with basipods 1 and 2 with 4 and 3 setae respectively; terminal endopod segment with relatively well-developed, serrate setae.
- P1 basipod 2 lacks an outer edge seta; distal 2 endopod segments completely or incompletely separate; exopod segment 1 with a long spiniform outer seta; exopod segment 2 lacking an outer spine; exopod segment 3 with 2 lateral and 1 terminal spine.
- P3 with 1 small outer seta on posterior surface of basipod 2.
- P4 with inner seta on basipod 1.
- P5 female uniramous, nearly symmetrical, lacking endopod; exopod 1-segmented with 2 lateral spines and 1 terminal and 2 inner setae.
- P5 male uniramous, asymmetrical; right basipod 2 with an inner projection derived from endopod; distal 2 exopod segments of right leg expanded, lamellar.
Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio
The mean female size is 10.40 mm and the mean male size is 8.66 mm. The size ratio (male : female) is 0.833. The sex ratio is 0.5 temporary.
Figures
;)
Plate 1
issued from :C. Cuoc, D. Defaye, M. Brunet, R. Notonier & J. Mazza in Mar. Biol., 1997, 129. [p.13, Fig.6].
Diagrammatic representation of main evolutionary trends in organization of female genital area in calanoïds for Hyperbionyx (modified after Huys & Boxshall, 1991 and Ohtsuka & al., 1994).
issued from :C. Cuoc, D. Defaye, M. Brunet, R. Notonier & J. Mazza in Mar. Biol., 1997, 129. [p.13, Fig.6].
Diagrammatic representation of main evolutionary trends in organization of female genital area in calanoïds for Hyperbionyx (modified after Huys & Boxshall, 1991 and Ohtsuka & al., 1994).
;)
Plate 2
Issued from : G.A. Boxshall & S.H. Halsey in An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, 2004, No 166, Part. I. [p.129, Fig.26].
Hyperbionyx pluto: A, hanitus female; B, female Mx2; C, female Mx1; D, female genital-double-somite; E, male urosome; [Ohtsuka, Roe & Boxshall, 1993].
Issued from : G.A. Boxshall & S.H. Halsey in An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, 2004, No 166, Part. I. [p.129, Fig.26].
Hyperbionyx pluto: A, hanitus female; B, female Mx2; C, female Mx1; D, female genital-double-somite; E, male urosome; [Ohtsuka, Roe & Boxshall, 1993].
Genus
Ref.:
Markhaseva & Schulz, 2006 b (p.204); Bradford-Grieve, 2010 (p.2171, Rem.); Renz & Markhaseva, 2015 (p.96, Table 4, fig.3, sex ratio, biogeography)
Ref.:
Type: Lamiantennula longifurca Markhaseva & Schulz, 2006. Total: 1 sp.
After Bradford-Grieve (2010, p.2171), Markhaseva & Schulz (2006) provisionally placed Lamiantennula longifurca in the Hyperbionychidae. Their placement is correct until this placement can be further evaluated by the discovery of the male.
Diagnosis from Markhaseva & Schulz (2006 b, p.204):
Female:
- Cephalosome and 1st pediger separate, 4th and 5th pedigers fused.
- Rostrum with 2 long filaments.
- Genital double-somite and its structures asymmetrical.
- Caudal rami symmetrical, longer than urosomites 1-4.
- Proximal segments of A1 fused as lamelliform complex.
- Md basis without seta, endopodal segment 1 without seta, segment 2 with 2 terminal setae, one thicker, poorly sclerotized; exopod with 5 setae; gnathobase with 6 terminal and 1 lateral subdistal teeth.
- Praecoxal arthrite of Mx1 strongly enlarged with 16 setal elements; coxal endite with 3 setae; basal endites reduced; endopod with 3 setae; exopod with 2 setae; coxal epipodite without setae.
- Mx2 proximal praecoxal endite with 5 setae, distal praecoxal endite with 1 seta; proximal coxal endite with 2 setae, distal coxal endite with 3 setae; proximal basal endite with 4 setae and outer crest; terminal part of limb with 4 setal elements on endite and endopod with 7 setae.
- Mxp proximal and medial endites of praecoxa with 1 seta each, distal endite with 2 setae and coxal endite with 2 setae; basis with 3 medial setae; endopod 6-segmented, segment 1 separate from basis.
- P1 basis with poorly sclerotized spine on posterior surface; endopod and exopod 3-segmented; exopodal segment 2 without spine, segment 3 with 1 distolateral spine.
- P2-P4 with 3-segmented endo- and exopods
- Basis of P3-P4 with 1 distolateral seta each.
- P5 symmetrical, uniramous, 2-segmented; segment 1 with 1 lateral seta, segment 2 with terminal setae.
Male unknown.
For Markhaseva & Schulz (2006 b, p.204) this new genus is diagnosed by the apomorphies: 1- A1 proximal segments I-III fused and greatly enlarged as a lamelliform complex; 2- Md endopod segment 2 with 2 setae distally, one poorly sclerotized (3, 5, 7 or 9-10 setae in other arietelloideans; 3- Md exopod segment 5 with 1 seta (2 setae in other arietelloideans; 4- Mx2 basis with angular outer crest.
After Bradford-Grieve (2010, p.2171), Markhaseva & Schulz (2006) provisionally placed Lamiantennula longifurca in the Hyperbionychidae. Their placement is correct until this placement can be further evaluated by the discovery of the male.
Diagnosis from Markhaseva & Schulz (2006 b, p.204):
Female:
- Cephalosome and 1st pediger separate, 4th and 5th pedigers fused.
- Rostrum with 2 long filaments.
- Genital double-somite and its structures asymmetrical.
- Caudal rami symmetrical, longer than urosomites 1-4.
- Proximal segments of A1 fused as lamelliform complex.
- Md basis without seta, endopodal segment 1 without seta, segment 2 with 2 terminal setae, one thicker, poorly sclerotized; exopod with 5 setae; gnathobase with 6 terminal and 1 lateral subdistal teeth.
- Praecoxal arthrite of Mx1 strongly enlarged with 16 setal elements; coxal endite with 3 setae; basal endites reduced; endopod with 3 setae; exopod with 2 setae; coxal epipodite without setae.
- Mx2 proximal praecoxal endite with 5 setae, distal praecoxal endite with 1 seta; proximal coxal endite with 2 setae, distal coxal endite with 3 setae; proximal basal endite with 4 setae and outer crest; terminal part of limb with 4 setal elements on endite and endopod with 7 setae.
- Mxp proximal and medial endites of praecoxa with 1 seta each, distal endite with 2 setae and coxal endite with 2 setae; basis with 3 medial setae; endopod 6-segmented, segment 1 separate from basis.
- P1 basis with poorly sclerotized spine on posterior surface; endopod and exopod 3-segmented; exopodal segment 2 without spine, segment 3 with 1 distolateral spine.
- P2-P4 with 3-segmented endo- and exopods
- Basis of P3-P4 with 1 distolateral seta each.
- P5 symmetrical, uniramous, 2-segmented; segment 1 with 1 lateral seta, segment 2 with terminal setae.
Male unknown.
For Markhaseva & Schulz (2006 b, p.204) this new genus is diagnosed by the apomorphies: 1- A1 proximal segments I-III fused and greatly enlarged as a lamelliform complex; 2- Md endopod segment 2 with 2 setae distally, one poorly sclerotized (3, 5, 7 or 9-10 setae in other arietelloideans; 3- Md exopod segment 5 with 1 seta (2 setae in other arietelloideans; 4- Mx2 basis with angular outer crest.
Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio
Length of body size for one female only: 3.70 mm. By great depth and with a great difference of size by comparison with the genus Hyperbionyx.
Figures
;)
Plate 1
Issued from : E.L. Markhaseva & K. Schulz in Arthropoda Selecta, 2006, 15 (3). [p.205, Fig1, A, D].
Lamiantennula longifurca female: A, habitus, dorsal view; D, anterior part of cephalosome, ventral viw, showing rostrum, labrum, mandibular gnathobase and proximal segments (ancestral segments I-III) of left antennule.
Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.1 mm (D).
Specimen from the Weddell Sea (64°02 'S, 39°07' W), above the sea bed at 4748-4743 m.
Nota: Lamelliform complex of ancestral segments I-III expanded anteriorly and dorso-ventrally compressed; with 2 setae + 1 aesthetasc, 2 setae, 2 setae + 1 aesthetasc; segment IV with 2 setae; segment V with 2 setae + 1 aesthetasc.
Issued from : E.L. Markhaseva & K. Schulz in Arthropoda Selecta, 2006, 15 (3). [p.205, Fig1, A, D].
Lamiantennula longifurca female: A, habitus, dorsal view; D, anterior part of cephalosome, ventral viw, showing rostrum, labrum, mandibular gnathobase and proximal segments (ancestral segments I-III) of left antennule.
Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.1 mm (D).
Specimen from the Weddell Sea (64°02 'S, 39°07' W), above the sea bed at 4748-4743 m.
Nota: Lamelliform complex of ancestral segments I-III expanded anteriorly and dorso-ventrally compressed; with 2 setae + 1 aesthetasc, 2 setae, 2 setae + 1 aesthetasc; segment IV with 2 setae; segment V with 2 setae + 1 aesthetasc.