Lucicutiidae Family - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Calanoida ( Order )	details

Abbreviations or symbols

Lucicutiidae Sars, 1902 ( Arietelloidea )

Syn.:

Leuckartiina Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.62); Lucicutiinae : Esterly, 1905 (p.179)

Ref.:

Sars, 1902 (1903) (p.73); Gurney, 1931 a (p.84); Wilson, 1932 a (p.128); Rose, 1933 a (p.190); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.81, 324); Heptner, 1971 (p.115); Hülsemann, 1966 (p.702, Rem.); Andronov, 1974 a (p.1005); Razouls, 1982 (p.447); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.9); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.142, 145); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.247); Mauchline, 1988 (p.708: cuticular pores); Razouls, 1993 (p.307); Madhupratap & al., 1996 (p.863, Table 5: %/copepods); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.829); Barthélémy, 1999 a (p.28); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.883, 903, 945); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.92, Déf., Rem.); Ohtsuka & Huys, 2001 (p.461); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.14; 49; 130: Def.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.323); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.103, Table 1, Fig.2, 3, 4, Biol. mol, phylogeny); Laakmann & al., 2019 (p.330, fig. 2, 3, phylogenetic relationships); Hirai & al., 2020 (p.1, Fig.4: metabarcoding, Fig.8: OTUs distribution patterns)
Bradford-Grieve J.M., (2002 onwards). Key to calanoid copepod families. Version 1 : 2 oct 2002. http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/calanoida/index.htm

Rem.:

Type-genus: Leuckartiina Giesbrecht, 1892.

Diagnosis from Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.130) [summary] :
- Prosome 5-segmented comprising cephalosome , separate 1st to 3rd pedigerous somites, and fused 4th and 5th pedigerous somites.
- Cephalosome with paired lateral spiniform processes in some species.
- Posterolateral angles of prosome rounded.
- Urosome 4-segmented in female; with 2 free abdominal somites.
- Genital apparatus female comprising paired gonopores located anteriorly or around midlength on ventral surface of genital double-somite; copulatory pore located medially just posterior to gonopores.
- Urosome 5-segmented in male; comprising genital somite and 4 free abdominal somites. Single genital aperture located ventrolaterally at posterior rim of genital somite on right side.
- Caudal rami typically elongate with up to 5 setae, often asymmetrical with right ramus slightly shorter than left.
- Rostrum divided into paired rostral filaments.
- Nauplius eye present.
- A1 25-segmented in female.
- A2 biramous; coxa and basis separate; endopod 2-segmented; exopod 8-segmented. Exopod usually slightly longer than endopod.
- Md biramous; coxa with well-developed gnathobase.
- Mx1 with well-developed praecoxal arthrite bearing about 12 elements; coxa with endite bearing 3 setae and typically with 5 setae on epipodite; basis lacking outer seta, wiyj proximal endite bearing 3 setae and distal group of 3 or 4 setae representing disyal endite; endopod 2-segmented, setation formula 4, 5; exopod 1-segmented armed with 11 setae.
- Mx2 6-segmented; praecoxa and coxa separate, setation formula of endites 4, 3, 3, 3; basis with 3 setae; free endopod indistinctly 4-segmented, segmental setation formula 2, 1, 2, 2.
- Mxp 7-segmented; syncoxa with endite setation formula 0, 1, 2, 2; basis with 3 or rarely 4 setae, plus 2 setae on incorporated 1st endopodal segment ; free endopod 5-segmented, segmental setation formula typically 2, 2, 2, 2, 3+1.
- Swimming legs 1 to 4, typically with 3-segmented rami; endopod of P1 occasionally 2-segmented due to fusion of 2nd and 3rd segments. Basis of P1 with cylindrical process near inner distal angle, bearing slender inner basal seta subapically.

Issued from : G.A. Boxshall & S.H. Halsey in An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, 2004, No 166, Part. I. [p.130].
Armature formula of swimming legs P1 to P4, and P5 female.

Nota: Female P5 comprising 2-segmented protopod, 2 or 3-segmented endopod and 3-segmented exopod. Inner seta of 2nd exopodal segment styliform.
- Male P5 asymmetrical; right leg biramous, with both rami typically 2-segmented, endopod 3-segmented in some species; distal segment of exopod recurved; right leg with setal formula of exopod I-0; III,I,0 and of endopod 0-0; 1, 2, 3. left leg biramous, with both rami 3-segmented; basis often modified, with process on inner margin; setal formula of exopod I-0; I-0; 3 and of endopod 0-0; 0-0; 1,2,2.
- Eggs released into water.

Issued from : G.A. Boxshall & S.H. Halsey in An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, 2004, No 166, Part. I. [p.131, Fig.27].
Lucicutiidae. A, Lucicutia grandis habitus female; B, habitus male; C, Lucicutia maxima female P1; D, female P5; E, male P5. [Sars, 1925].

Issued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve in NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 111, 1999. [p.92]. Seta and spine formula of swimming legs P1 to P5.

Note the difference concerning the seta on the inner edge of basis of P4 with the setal formula in Boxshall & Halsey (2004).

Isochaeta Giesbrecht, 1889

Liste des variétés

Ref.:

Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.63, 367); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.112); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.117); Rose, 1933 a (p.198); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.339); Tanaka, 1963 (p.52); Grice, 1963 a (p.497, 498, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.459); Hulsemann, 1989 (p.97, Rem.); Razouls, 1993 (p.307)

Rem.:

Cf. Lucicutia

(1) Lucicutia Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898

Species, varieties and details

Syn.:

Leuckartia Claus, 1863 (p.182); Brady, 1883 (p.50, part.); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.62, 358)

Ref.:

Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.110, clé spp.); Esterly, 1905 (p.179); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.111, spp. Key); A. Scott, 1909 (p.125); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.314); Esterly, 1924 (p.97); Wilson, 1932 a (p.128); Sewell, 1932 (p.285, Rem.); Rose, 1933 a (p.190, spp. Key); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.71); Davis, 1949 (p.55); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.325, clé spp.); Tanaka, 1963 (p.26); Grice, 1963 a (p.498); Hülsemann, 1966 (p.702, Rev., spp. Key); Vidal, 1971 a (p.10, 20, 115); Razouls, 1982 (p.447); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.355); Mauchline, 1988 (p.708); Hulsemann, 1989 (p.97, Rem.); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.248, spp. Key); Razouls, 1993 (p.307); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.829); Mauchline, 1998 (p.70, 71, 76: F; p.73, 76: M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.883, 945: spp. Key); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.92, Rem.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.132: spp Key F,M); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.323, spp. Key)

Rem.:

Hülsemann (1966) investigates the genus Lucicutia, giving specifications on the synonymies and the distribution of numerous species. The author brings to mind that the genus Isochaeta (Giesbrecht, 1889; Rose, 1933; Brodsky, 1950) was put in synonymy by Grice (1963). The family Lucicutiidae considered originally as a subfamily of the Centropagidae (Leuckartiinae de Giesbrecht 1892) has been created by Sars (1902). Andronov (1974) regards this family as relatively primitive, close to the Heterorhabdidae, Metridinidae, Augaptilidae and Arietellidae (Augaptiloidea).
Type: Leuckartia flavicornis Claus,1863. Total: 43 spp. + 1 unnamed.

Diagnosis after Bradford-Grieve (1999 b, p.92). Female :
- Body slender. Prosome oval.
- Head and pedigerous segment 1 separated, pedigerous segments 4 and 5 fused.
- Posterolateral corners rounded.
- Head rounded anteriorly, sometimes with anterolateral horns.
- Rostral filaments slender.
- Urosome elongate, 4-segmented.
- Caudal rami symmetrical, relatively long, with 7 setae.
- A1 symmetrical, 25-segmented.
A2 basis with 1-2 outer edge setae; exopod and endopod separated from basis; endopod 2-segmented, segment 1 with 2 setae at about midlength, segment 2 with 7 inner setae medially and 6 or 7 setae terminally; exopod 8-segmented.
- Md blade with 9 sharp teeth; endopod 2-segmented, segment 1 with 4 setae, segment 2 with 8 setae terminally; exopod segments 1-4 with 1 seta each, segment 5 carrying 2 setae.
- Mx1 inner lobe 1 (= praecoxal arthrite) with 13 spines and setae; inner lobes 2 and 3 with 3 setae each; basipod 2 with 4 setae; endopod 1-segmented, with 4+5 setae; exopod large, with 11 setae; outer lobe 1 with 5-6 setae.
- Mx2 lobes 1-5 with 3-4, 3, 3, 3, 3 setae, one of the setae on lobe 5 stouter than the other two, spinulose; endopod with 7 setae.
- Mxp basipod 1 (= coxa) with 3-5 setae; basipod 2 (= basis) with patches of setules or spinules and 3 setae medially; endopod 6-segmented, segment 1 almost fully incorporated into basipod 2 with 2 setae; segments 2-5 with 2 setae each, segment 6 with 4 setae the outermost 3 of which are reduced.
- Swimming legs 1-4 distinctly 3-segmented, endopod segments of P1 and P5 2-3-segmented, inner distal seta on basis of P1 inserted on a conical projection.
- P5 symmetrical, similar to other swimming legs; the inner edge seta on exopod segment 2 is modified into a long slender spine articulated with its segment.

Male :
- Body similar to female.
- Urosome 5-segmented.
- Left A1 geniculate, 21-segmented.
- Mouthparts and legs 1-4 similar to female.
- P5 with a 3-segmented endopod and exopod on left, basipod 2 usually modified with one or more inner extensions which may bear spines; exopod and endopod usually 2-segmented on right, last exopod segment recurved; basipod 1 on either side may sometimes be modified with extensions.

After Bode & al. (2018, p.75) the species in this genus were considered as primary detritivores and opportunistic carnivores, feeding on a wide variety of detritus, prokaryotic and eukaryotic autotrophs, bacterial aggregates and metazoans (Gowing & Wishner, 1998)

Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio:

The mean female size is 4,755 mm (n= 38; S= 2,707; Cv= 0,569) and the mean male size is 4,157 mm (n= 35; S= 2,278; Cv= 0,548). The coefficients of variation indicate a strong heterogeneity of the sizes between the concerned species, between 10.250 mm for the longest females and 1.2 mm for the smallest. The size ratio (Male: Female) is 0,935 ou 93,5 % (n= 31; S= 0,057; Cv= 0,061). The sex-ratio (Female: Male) is 1,09.

We can define three body size groups (from extreme limit values in each species) :
The first group (from 1 to 3 mm) agrees with the numbered species for females: 2, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, 30, 62, 33, 44. The mean female size is 1.890 mm (n = 26; SD = 0.5815). For the males, the numbered species are: 2, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 21, 30, 32, 33, 44; the mean male size is 1.682 mm (n = 24; SD = 0.4620). The size ratio male: female = 0.929
The second group (from 3 to 6 mm) agrees with the numbered species for females: 1, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 29, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41. The mean female size is 4.311 mm (n = 29; SD = 1.1145). For the males, the numbered species are 1, 7, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42; the mean male size is 4.213 mm (n = 32; SD = 1.0064). The size ratio male: female = 0.977
The third group (from 6 to 10 mm) agrees with the numbered species are for females: 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 26, 27, 34, 39, 43. The mean female size is 8.555 mm (n = 16; SD = 1.177). For the males, the numbered species are 3, 4, 5, 13, 27, 31, 43; the mean male size is 7.856 mm (n = 14; SD = 0.9183). The size ratio male: female = 0.918.
The mean ratio male: female from 3 groups = 0.929 (n= 3; SD = 0.0446).