List species and varieties by Family
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Genus
(1) Copilia Dana, 1849details
Rem.:
Type: Copilia mirabilis Dana,1849.
7 spp.
7 spp.
Copilia brucii Thompson, 1888 (F)
Ref.: Thompson, 1888 d (p.147, Descr.F, figs.F); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.647)
Loc.: Médit. (Malte)
Rem.: Cf. Copilia vitrea
Copilia denticulata Claus, 1863 (F,M)
Ref.: Claus, 1863 (part., p.161, figs.M, non F); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.647, 657, 771, figs.F,M); Thompson, 1900 c (p.289, Rem.); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.358); Rose, 1926 e (p.172); 1926 h (p.251); Wilson, 1942 a (p.179); 1950 (p.191); Furuhashi, 1961 a (p.110); Fagetti, 1962 (p.48); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); Corral Estrada, 1970 (p.233, figs.F,M, Rem.); Vives, 1982 (p.296); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.86); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.61); Lozano, 1991 (p.175)
Rem.: Cf. Copilia quadrata (F) & Copilia mediterranea (M)
Copilia elliptica Giesbrecht, 1891 (M)
Ref.: Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.648, 658, 771, figs.M); Sewell, 1947 (p.269)
Loc.: Pacif. tropical N
Rem.: Cf. Copilia lata
Copilia fultoni T. Scott , 1894 (F)
Ref.: T. Scott, 1894 b (p.114, Descr.F, figs.F); Lehnhofer, 1926 (p.120)
Loc.: G. de Guinée
Rem.: Cf. Copilia vitrea
Species
[1] Copilia hendorffi Dahl, 1892 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[2] Copilia lata Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[3] Copilia longistylis Mori, 1932 (F) [Figs]
Species
[4] Copilia mediterranea (Claus, 1863) (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[5] Copilia mirabilis Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Copilia mirabilis platonyx Lehnhofer, 1926 (M)
Ref.: Lehnhofer, 1926 (p.127, 143, figs.M); Farran, 1936 a (p.132); Dakin & Colefax, 1940 (p.109, fig.M); Sewell, 1947 (p.271, Rem.: zoogéographie); Paiva, 1971 (p.40, Rem.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.990, figs.M)
Ref. compl.: Shimode & Shirayama, 2004 (tab.2)
Loc.: Mer Arabe, Is. Maldives, Japon, Australie (Grande Barrière, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)
N: 4
Lg.: (310) M: 6,41-5,4
Copilia mirabilis typica Lehnhofer, 1926 (F,M)
Ref.: Lehnhofer, 1926 (p.125, 135, 143, figs.F,M); Sewell, 1947 (p.270); Paiva, 1971 (p.40, Rem.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.992, figs.M)
Loc.: Atlant. équatorial, Afr. E, G. d'Oman, Mer Arabe, Is. Maldives, Indonésie-Malaisie, Japon, Australie (Grande Barrière)
Copilia oblonga Giesbrecht, 1891 (F)
Ref.: Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.648, 657, 771, fig.F); Lehnhofer, 1926 (p.120)
Lg.: (46) F: 3,8-3,4
Rem.: Cf. Copilia mediterranea
Species
[6] Copilia quadrata Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Copilia recta Giesbrecht, 1891 (M)
Ref.: Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.648, 658, 771, figs.M); Lehnhofer, 1926 (p.120); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.139, figs.M); Wilson, 1942 a (p.179); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.77)
Loc.: mers de Chine, Pacif. N (tropical )
Lg.: M: 4,8-4,1
Rem.: Cf. Copilia quadrata
Species
[7] Copilia vitrea (Haeckel, 1864) (F,M) [Figs]
Copilia sp. Unterüberbacher, 1964 (F,M)
Ref.: Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.35,figs.F,M)
Loc.: Namibie
Lg.: (432) F: 4,25-4,15; M: 6,45-6,37
Rem.: ? Cf.Copilia hendorffi
Genus
(2) Sapphirina Thompson, 1829details
Rem.:
Type: Sapphirina indicator J.V. Thompson,1830
Because of the observed variations, Lehnhofer (1929) groups certain species, followed in this by several authors, but maintained by Crisafi & Mazza (1966). Total: 20 species (or 17 if one follows Lehnhofer, or less if one admits certain synonymies). Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.652, 653) reduce this number to 15 valid species, but acknowledge that the need of a genus revision is growing. Only a genetic analysis could permit this clarification.
Ohtsuka & Nishida (2017, p.583) underline males of the genus Sapphirina are unique in having beautiful, species-specific iridescence caused by the multiple layers of hexagonal guanine platelets in the epidermal cells (see Chae & Nishida, 194). The specific colors of the males may be involved in mating (wee Chae & Nishida, 2004)
Because of the observed variations, Lehnhofer (1929) groups certain species, followed in this by several authors, but maintained by Crisafi & Mazza (1966). Total: 20 species (or 17 if one follows Lehnhofer, or less if one admits certain synonymies). Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.652, 653) reduce this number to 15 valid species, but acknowledge that the need of a genus revision is growing. Only a genetic analysis could permit this clarification.
Ohtsuka & Nishida (2017, p.583) underline males of the genus Sapphirina are unique in having beautiful, species-specific iridescence caused by the multiple layers of hexagonal guanine platelets in the epidermal cells (see Chae & Nishida, 194). The specific colors of the males may be involved in mating (wee Chae & Nishida, 2004)
Species
[1] Sapphirina angusta Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina aureofurca Giesbrecht, 1891
Ref.: Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.619)
Rem.: Cf. Sapphirina darwini
Species
[2] Sapphirina auronitens Claus, 1863 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina auronitens-sinuicauda Lehnhofer, 1929 (F,M)
Syn.: ? Sapphirina pyrosomatis Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.619, 642, figs.F,M); ? S. vorax Giesbrecht, 1891; 1892 (p.619, 642, figs.F); ? Saphirina. sinuicauda Brady, 1883 (p.129, figs.F,M)
Ref.: Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.289, figs.F,M); Rose, 1933 a (p.314, figs.F,M), Rem.); Sewell, 1948 (p.393, 462); Pucher, 1952 (p.103); Björnberg, 1981 (p.672, figs.F,M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.887, 973, figs.F,M)
Ref. compl.: Massuti Alzamora, 1942 (p.104, Rem.); Mazza, 1966 (p.74); Deevey, 1971 (p.224)
Loc.: Canaries, Rio de Janeiro, off Bermuda, Médit. W
N: 10
Lg.: (648) F: 3,2-1,21; M: 3-1,21; {F: 1,21-3,20; M: 1,21-3,00}
Rem.: Selon Lehnhofer (1929), suivi par de nombreux auteurs, S. auronitens et S. sinuicauda ne seraient qu'une seule espèce présentant diverses variations (dont S. pyrosomatis et S. vorax ). Cette position est différente de celle de Giesbrecht (1892) et de certains auteurs. Cette position est suivie par Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.653)
Species
[3] Sapphirina bicuspidata Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[?] Sapphirina darwini Haeckel, 1864 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[4] Sapphirina gastrica Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[?] Sapphirina gemma Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina gibba Rose, 1929 (F,M)
Ref.: Cf. Sapphirina sali
Loc.: G. de Gascogne, Açores
Lg.: (598) F: 2,7-2,5; M: 2,1-1,9
Species
[5] Sapphirina intestinata Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[6] Sapphirina iris Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[7] Sapphirina lactens Giesbrecht, 1892 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina lomae Esterly, 1905 (M)
Ref.: Esterly, 1905 (p.p.223, Descr.M, figs.M); Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.304)
Loc.: San Diego
Lg.: (142) M: 3,2
Rem.: Cf. Sapphirina nigromaculata
Sapphirina longifurca A. Scott, 1909 (F,M)
Ref.: A. Scott, 1909 (p.259, Descr.F, figs.F); C. B. Wilson, 1950 (p.321, Descr.M, figs.F,M); Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.279, Rem.)
Loc.: Moluques, Philippines
Rem.: Cf. Sapphirina iris
Species
[8] Sapphirina maculosa Giesbrecht, 1892 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[9] Sapphirina metallina Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[10] Sapphirina nigromaculata Claus, 1863 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina opaca Lubbock, 1856 (F)
Syn.: Saphirina opaca Brady, 1883 (p.127, figs.F)
Loc.: off Patagonie E
Rem.: ? Cf. Sapphirina angusta
Species
[11] Sapphirina opalina Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina opalina-darwini Lehnhofer, 1929 (F,M)
Syn.: ? Sapphirina darwinii Haeckel, 1864 (p.105)
Ref.: Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.295, Rem., figs.F,M); Rose, 1933 a (p.316, Rem. F,M); Sewell, 1947 (p.267); 1948 (p.462); Marques, 1958 a (p.138); Björnberg, 1981 (p.671, figs.F,M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.887, 972, figs.F,M)
Ref. compl.: Mazza, 1966 (p.74); Binet & al., 1972 (p.71); Björnberg, 1973 (p.370, 389)
Loc.: Angola, Ivorian shelf, Rio de Janeiro, Médit., Mer Arabe, Is. Laquedives, Is. Maldives, Is. Nicobar (Nankauri Harbour), Chili N
N: 9
Lg.: (618) F: 2,64-2; M: 3,98-2,55; {F: 2,00-2,64; M: 2,55-3,98}
Rem.: Lehnhofer (1929) estime que S. opalina et darwini correspondent à des variations de la même espèce.
Sapphirina ovalis Dana, 1852 (F,M)
Syn.: non Saphirina ovalis : Brady, 1883 (p.123, figs.F,M)
Ref.: Thompson, 1888 d (p.140); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.620); Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.240, 286); Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.271)
Loc.: Tongatabu, Ceylan, Malte
Rem.: sp. imprécise
Species
[12] Sapphirina ovatolanceolata Dana, 1849 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina ovatolanceolata-gemma Lehnhofer, 1929 (F,M)
Ref.: Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.298, Rem., figs.F,M); Rose, 1933 a (p.318, figs.F,M); Sewell, 1947 (p.268, fig.F); 1948 (p.462); Pucher, 1952 (p.103); Razouls, 1972 (p.95, Annexe: p.123); Björnberg, 1981 (p.672, figs.F,M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.887, 973, figs.F,M)
Ref. compl.: V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); De Decker, 1964 (p.16, 24, 28); Mazza, 1966 (p.74); Pavlova, 1966 (p.45); Deevey, 1971 (p.225); Binet & al., 1972 (p.71); Björnberg, 1973 (p.369, 389); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.86); Böttger-Schnack, 1995 (p.93)
Loc.: Afr. S (SE), Ivorian shelf, Brésil, off Bermuda, Médit. (W & E), Bab al Mandab, Mer Arabe, Chili
N: 12
Lg.: (11) F: 2,767-2,4; M: 3,583-3,283; (786) F: 2,22; M: 3,86; {F: 2,22-2,77; M: 3,28-3,86}
Rem.: Lehnhofer (1929) considère les deux formes décrites par Dana (1849) comme des variations de la même espèce.
Sapphirina pseudolactens Lehnhofer, 1929 (F,M)
Ref.: Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.282, figs.F,M); Crisafi & Mazza, 1966 (p.599: Rem.)
Lg.: (648) F: 3,1-2,29; M: 2,75; 1,97
Rem.: Cf. Sapphirina sali
Species
[?] Sapphirina pyrosomatis Giesbrecht, 1892 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina reticulata Brady, 1883 (M)
Ref.: Brady, 1883 (p.125, Descr.M, figs.M); Thompson, 1888 d (p.149); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.621)
Loc.: Atlant. S, Malte
Rem.: sp. imprécise
Species
[13] Sapphirina sali Farran, 1929 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina salpae Claus, 1859 (F,M)
Ref.: Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.271, Rem.)
Rem.: Cf. Sapphirina iris
Species
[14] Sapphirina scarlata Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina serrata Brady, 1883 (F,M)
Syn.: Saphirina serrata Brady, 1883 (p.125, figs.F,M)
Ref.: Thompson, 1888 d (p.149); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.621); Thompson, 1900 c (p.288); Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.271, Rem.); Sewell, 1948 (p.430)
Loc.: G. de Guinée, Canaries, Médit. (Malte), Indien (Ceylan S), Mer du Corail
Rem.: sp. imprécise
Species
[?] Sapphirina sinuicauda Brady, 1883 (F,M) [Figs]
Sapphirina splendens Dana, 1852
Ref.: Brady, 1883 (p.127, figs. Juv F ?); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.621, Rem.); Lehnhofer, 1929 (p.271); Fagetti, 1962 (p.48)
Loc.: off Is. Juan Fernandez E
Rem.: sp . imprécise
Species
[15] Sapphirina stellata Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[?] Sapphirina vorax Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs]
Genus
(3) Vettoria Wilson, 1924details
Rem.:
type: Corina granulosa Giesbrecht,1891. Total: 4 spp.
Species
[1] Vettoria granulosa (Giesbrecht, 1891) (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[2] Vettoria indica (Krishnaswamy, 1952) (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[3] Vettoria longifurca (Rose & Vaissière, 1952) (F,M) [Figs]
Species
[4] Vettoria parva (Farran, 1936) (F,M) [Figs]