Nullosetigera helgae - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Nullosetigera helgae Farran, 1908 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Arietelloidea

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Family Nullosetigeridae

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Genus Nullosetigera

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Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Phyllopus bidentatus : I.C. Thompson, 1903 (Descr. M); Wolfenden, 1904 (P5 M); Farran, 1905 (part., p.45, figs.M, fig.21: F); Van Breemen, 1908 (P5 M);
Phyllopus helgae Farran, 1908 b (p.83, figs.F); A. Scott, 1909 (p.148, figs.F,M); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.328, figs.F,M); Sars, 1925 (p.342, figs.F,M); Farran, 1926 (p.290); Rose, 1933 a (p.246, figs.F,M); Hardy & Gunther, 1935 (1936) (p.183, Rem.: ?); Tanaka, 1937 (p.270, figs.M); Jespersen, 1940 (p.66); Wilson, 1942 a (p.202, fig.F); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.41); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.401, figs.F,M, Rem.) ; C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.288); Fagetti, 1962 (p.32); Grice & Hart, 1962 (p.287, table 3, p.293: Rem.); Grice, 1963 a (p.496); Tanaka, 1964 c (p.240, figs.F,M); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.13); Vervoort, 1965 (p.156, Rem.); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.225); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution in Kuroshio region, Table 9); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.91, figs.F,M); Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.19); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.79); Bradford, 1970 a (p.361, figs.F); Park, 1970 (p.478); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, tabl.2); 1972 c (p.1036); Bainbridge, 1972 (p.61, Appendix Table III: occurrence); Vives & al., 1975 (p.52, tab.II, IV, XII); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.156, tab.2, Station "S"); Carter, 1977 (1978) (p.36); Pipe & Coombs, 1980 (p.223, vertical occurrence); Stephen & Rao, 1980 (p.239, tab.1, 2, fig.2); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.654, figs.F,M); Chahsavar & Razouls, 1982 (p.32, fig.F); Roe, 1984 (p.359); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Brenning, 1985 a (p.28, Table 2); 1986 (p.14, Rem.); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.60); Heinrich, 1990 (p.19); Hattori, 1991 (tab.1, Appendix); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.67); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.862, Pl.143,144: F,M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.884, 950, figs.F,M); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.127, figs.F,M, Rem., figs.180, 192); d'Elbée, 2001(tabl.1); Hsiao & al., 2004 (p.326, tab.1); Hwang & al., 2007 (p.23)

References

List of the studied authors

Soh & al., 1999 (p.1583, fig.12: chart, phylogenetic relationships); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.150); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.389, figs.F,M, Rem.)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : O. Tanaka in Publs Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1964, XII (3). [p.240, Fig.225]. As Phyllopus helgae.
Female: a, habitus (dorsal); b, genital somite (ventral); c, last thoracic segment and urosome (right lateral side); d, P5.
Nota: Cephalothorax 1.64 mm; abdomen 0.73 mm.
Abdominal segments and caudal rami in the proportional lengths 40 : 14 : 14 : 18 : 14 = 100.
Genital segment asymmetrical, the right lateral margin is much produced; genital area furnished with 2 irregular lamellous plates; the distal ventral margin of the segment has a triangular process on the left side.
Caudal rami 1.5 times as long as wide.
A1 extends to the posterior margin of the 3rd thoracic segment.

Male: e, right P5; f, left P5. Nota: Cephalothorax 1.52 mm; abdomen 0.77 mm.
The last thoracic segment slightly asymmetrical; the lateral corner triangularly produced with a small process on the distal margin (in some specimens the lateral margin has 2 small processes).
In P5: distal segment of the left leg elongated and curved. Right leg with a very small process on the inner proximal margin of the 3rd segment; the distal segment long and spoon-shaped.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve in The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pelagic Calanoid Copepoda. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 111, 1999. [p.128, Fig.87]. As Phyllopus helgae.
Female (30°45'S, 173°16'E): A, habitus (dorsal); B, A1; C, A2; D, mandibular blade; E, mandibular palp; F, Mx1; G, Mx2; H, Mxp; I, P1; J, P2; K, P3; L, P4; M, P5.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve in The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pelagic Calanoid Copepoda. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 111, 1999. [p.129, Fig.88].
Male (from same locality than female): A, habitus (dorsal); B, left A1; C, A2; D, mandibular palp; E, Mx1; F, Mx2; G, Mxp; H, P1; I, P2; J, P3; K, P4; L, right P5; M, left P5.

Female characteristics: Posterior borders of pediger segments 4+5 almost equal.
- Genital segment quite large, asymmetrical with a swelling on the right.
- Caudal rami divergent.
- A1 much shorter than body.
- P5 narrow with oblique articulations between exopod segments.

Male characteristics: Caudal rami divergent.
- P5 left endopod large and triangular.
Nota: It seems that P. helgae also has an extension of the right male P5 exopod segment 2 although neither Farran (1905) nor Sars (1925) figures this character. Also the conspicuous constriction dividing the distal part of male left P5 exopod segment 2 from the rest of the limb is not figured by Farran (1905).

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : J.M. Bradford in N.Z. Jl Mar. Freshw. Res., 1970, 4 (4). [p.360, Figs 70-72]. As Phyllopus helgae.
Female (off Kaikoura, New Zealand): 70, habitus (dorsal); 71, genital segment (ventral); 72, P5.
Scale bars represent 1.0 mm in 70 and 0.1 mm in 71-72.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 Issued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl.CXXIV, figs.1-6]. As Phyllopus helgae.
Female: 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, P5; 3, genital segment, with spermatophore (ventral).

Male: 4, habitus (dorsal); 5, left P5; 6, right P5.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : A. Scott in Siboga-Expedition, 1909, XIX a. [Plate XLVI, Figs.7-14]. As Phyllopus helgae.
Female (from Celebes Sea): 7, habitus (dorsal); 8, forehead (lateral); 9, last thoracic and genital segments (left side); 10, A1; 11, P5.

Male: 12, urosome (dorsal); 13, left A1; 14, P5.

Plate 7 issued from : G.P. Farran in Ann. Rep. Fish. Brch., Ireland, 1902-1903, II, App. 2, 1905. [Plate XI, Fig. 16]. As Phyllopus bidentatus.
Male (from W Ireland): 16, A1.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 issued from : G.P. Farran in Ann. Rep. Fish. Brch., Ireland, 1902-1903, II, App. 2, 1905. [Plate XI, Fig.21].
Female (from W Ireland): 21, P5.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 issued from : G.P. Farran in Ann. Rep. Fish. Brch., Ireland, 1902-1903, II, App. 2, 1905. [Plate XI, Figs.12-19]. As Phyllopus bidentatus
Male (from W ireland): 12-13, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); 14, rostrum (ventral); 15, last thoracic segments (lateal); 17, Mx1; 18, left P5; 19, right P5.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from : S. Ohtsuka & R. Huys in Hydrobiologia, 2001, 453/454. [p.448, Fig.4, B].
Male (from Japan): B, modified elements on geniculate A1 of compound segment.
Scale bar = 0.01 mm.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 issued from : R.N. Wolfenden in Die Marinen Copepoden der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 1911. [p.328, Fig.65].
Female: a, habitus (dorsal).

Male: b, posterior part cephalothorax and urosome (lateral).

Plate 12 issued from : H.Y. Soh, S. Ohtsuka, H. Imabayashi & H.-L. Suh, 1999, 33. [p.1594, Fig.8, C, D];
Female: C, genital double-somite (ventral); D, A1 (segment XXV and compound segment XXVI-XXVIII).
Scale bar: 0.100 mm (C); 0.025 mm (D).

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 13 of morphological figures

Plate 13 issued from : G.P. Farran in Fish. Ire. Sci. Invest., 1906, II [1908]. [Pl. IX, Figs.5-16]. As Phyllopus Helgae.
Female (from W Ireland): 5, urosome (ventral); 6, habitus (dorsal).

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 14 of morphological figures

Plate 14 issued from : H.B. Owre & M. Foyo in Fauna Caribaea, 1, Crustacea, 1: Copepoda. Copepods of the Florida Current. 1967. [p.92, Fig.650]. As Phyllopus helgae.
Female: 650, P5.

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 Issued from : O. Tanaka in Japanese J. Zool., 1937, VII, 13. [p.269, Fig.19]. As Phyllopus helgae.
Male (from coast of Heda, Japan): a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c, abdomen (lateral); d, right P5; e, left P5.

Nota: Abdomen contained about 1.6 times in the length of the cephalothorax.
The first three segments of the abdomen nearly equal in length and the last 2 segments also of equal length.
Right A1 24-segmented.
The last segment of the exopodite of the left P5 elongate and pointed at the apex and with a long curved spine on the outer distal half of the segment.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Lapernat, 2000 (tabl.3, 4); Holmes, 2001 (p.14); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Williamson & McGowan, 2010 (p.273, Table 3, Pacific central gyres: N and S); M.L. Fernandez, 2013 (pers. comm.); Bonecker & a., 2014 (p.445, Table II: frequency, horizontal & vertical distributions)

Distribution

NZ: 17

Distribution map of Nullosetigera helgae by geographical zones

Distribution map of Nullosetigera helgae for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Nullosetigera helgae for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Additional Maps & Charts

Map 4 issued from : R. Stephen & T.S.S. Rao in J. Plankton Res., 1980, 2 (2). [p.245, Fig.2].
Distribution of Phyllopus (= Nullosetigera) in the Indian Ocean (open circles indicate the stations selected for the study).

Species Nullosetigera helgae - Distribution map 5

Map 5 issued from : H.Y. Soh, S. Ohtsuka, H. Imabayashi & H.-L. Suh in J. Nat. Hist., 1999, 33. [p.1599, Fig.12].
Geographical distribution of Nullosetigera mutica (white triangle), Nullosetigera impar (black triangle), Nullosetigera bidentata (black circle) and Nullosetigera helgae (white square).

Localisations

Geographical glossary

sub-Antarct. (? South Georgia), South Africa (E), off Tristan da Cunha Is., off Ghana, off Lagos, off E St. Paul Is., Cape Verde Is., S Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro, Senegal, off Mauritania-NW Cape Verde Is., off Morocco-Mauritania, Canary Is., Isla del Hierro, off Madeira, off W Cape Finisterre, Ibero-moroccan Bay, Bay of Biscay, Azores, G. of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Florida, off Bermuda (Station "S"), Sargasso Sea, off S Newfoundland, W Iceland, Wyville Thomson Ridge, off W Ireland, Scotland, Natal, Somali, S Arabian Sea, Indian, Indonesia-Malaysia, Philippines, Viet-Nam (Cauda Bay), China Seas (East China Sea, South China Sea), Taiwan (S, E), Japan, Izu region, off Sanriku, Pacif. (N central), Pacific (central gyres: N and S), off British Columbia, Pacif. (SE tropical), Pacif. (W equatorial), New Zealand (NE South Island, off N North Island), Kermadec Is, Tasman Sea, off SE Easter Is., off Chile, off Valparaiso

Quotations

N: 55

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(1) F: 2,4; (5) F: 2,6; M: 2,45; (10) F: 2,25-2,15; (24) F: 2,4-2,3; M: 2,4; (38) F: 2,46-2,28; M: 2,46; (120) F: 2,37; M: 2,29; (128) M: 2,03; (199) F: 2,43-2,13; M: 2,43-2,13;(313) F: 2,4; (909) F: 2,23-2,9; M: 2,1-2,8; (1108) F: 2,43; M: 2,2-2,43; {F: 2,13-2,90; M: 2,03-2,80}

Remarks

epi-meso-bathypelagic. Sargasso Sea: 0-2000 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, Station "S");

Last update : 18/01/2021

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