Bradyidius armatus - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Bradyidius armatus Giesbrecht, 1897 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Clausocalanoidea

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Family Aetideidae

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Genus Bradyidius

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Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Pseudocalanus armatus : Brady, 1878 (p.46, figs.F), no Boeck; no Thompson, 1900 c (p.278);
Bradyanus armatus Vanhöffen, 1897 (p.322, Rem.); Mrazek, 1902 (p.521); no B. armatus : Wolfenden, 1905 (p.1005);
Undinopsis bradyi : Sars, 1902 (1903) (p.32, figs.F,M); Rose, 1933 a (p.92, figs.F,M); Wilson, 1942 a (p.210, fig.M); Vives, 1967 (tab.II); Evans, 1968 (p.15); Dowidar & El-Maghraby, 1970 (p.269); Vives & al., 1975 (p.41, 42, tab.II, XII); Vives, 1982 (p.291); Kovalev & Schmeleva, 1982 (p.83); Kim & al., 1993 (p.270); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.67);
no Undinopsis armatus : With, 1915 (p.88);
Bradyidius bradyi : Matthews, 1964 (p.18, figs. juv,F,M, Rem.); 1967 (p.159, Table 1, Rem.);Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.14); Bradford, 1976 a (p.1, 6: Rem.); Bradford & Jillett, 1980 (p.21); Othman & Greenwood, 1987 (p.1137)

References

List of the studied authors

Giesbrecht, 1897 b (p.253, Rem.); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.32); T. Scott, 1898 i (p.264, figs.F,M); Mràzek,1902; A. Scott, 1909 (p.39, figs.F); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.210); ? Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.39, figs.F); Vervoort, 1952 b (n°43, p.3, 4); Park, 1966 (p.810); Markhaseva, 1993 a (p.47, figs.F, Rem.); 1996 (p.70, figs.F,M); Bradford-Grieve, 2003 (p.102, tab.3); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.551, figs.F,M, Rem.)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : G.O. Sars in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. IV. Copepoda Calanoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1903. [Pl.XIX]. As Undinopsis Bradyi.
Female & Male.
R = rostrum (frontal view); pr = corner of the last thoracic segment; M = Md; m = Mx1; mp1 = Mx2; Mp2 = Mxp.

Nota Female: Eye very conspicuous, bright red (in the living animal), and oblong in form. Exopod of A2 scarcely longer than the endopod. Endopod of 2nd to 4th swimming legs with scatterad small spinules on the posterior face. Ovaries purple-coloured.

Species Bradyidius armatus - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : G.O. Sars in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. IV. Copepoda Calanoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1903. [Pl.XX]. As Undinopsis Bradyi.
Female.
mp1 = Mx2

Plate 3 issued from : A. Scott in Siboga-Expedition, 1909, XIX a. [Plate VI, Figs.1-11].
Female (from Indonesia-Malaysia): 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, forehead (lateral); 3, last thoracic and genital segments (left side); 4, rostrum; 5, A1; 6, A2; 7, Mx2; 8, Mxp; 9, P1; 10, P2; 11, P4.
Nota: The 'Siboga' specimens differ from the Norwegian form in size, and in length of the spines of the last thoracic segment. A comprison between the 'Siboga' specimens with examples from the Firth of Clyde, with the exception of the size, appear similar.

Species Bradyidius armatus - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : T. Mori in The pelagic Copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (2nd edit., 1964). [Pl.17, Figs.1-5]. With doubt.
Female: 1, 4, habitus (lateral and dorsal, respectively); 2, P4; 3, A2; 5, Mx1.

Species Bradyidius armatus - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 issued from : T. Mori in The pelagic Copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (2nd edit., 1964). [Pl.16, Figs.14-16]. With doubt.
Female: 14, P2; 15, P1; 16, P3.

Species Bradyidius armatus - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : E.L. Markhaseva in Zoosyst. Rossica, 1993, 2 (1). [p.48, Figs.1-10].
Female (from Langesundsforden, Norway): 1-2, last segment of prosome and urosome; 3-5, last segment of prosome and genital segment (left lateral, right lateral and dorasal, respectively); 6, exopod of A2; 7, Md; 8, P1; 9, P2; 10, rostrum.

Nota : Cephalothorx about 3-4 times longer than urosome. Rostral rami divergent. A1 nearly as long as cephalothorax, reaching or exceeding posterior border of genital segment. Exopodite 1 of A2 without setae, exopodite 2 with 3 setae. Endopodite 1 of Md with 2, endopodite 2 with 9 setae. Posterior corners of last thoracic segment divergent, their points exceeding posterior boder of genital segment. Spermatheca rounded. External spine at exopodite 1 of P1 slightly exceeding the base of the following spine. Posterior surfaces of endopod of P2-P4 with minute spinules.

Plate 7 Bradyidius armatus female:
1 - Rostrum with divergent rami.
2 - Points of last thoracic segment reaching and even exceeding posterior border of genital segment. Exopodal segment 2 of A2 with 3 setae. Exopodal segment 1 of P1 with external spine exceeding the base of external spine of external segment 2.
3 - Points of last thoracic segment straight.
4 - Genital segment 1.2-1.3 times wider than long. Exopodal segment 1 of A2 without seta. Spermatheca rounded.

Plate 8 Bradyidius armatus male:
1 - P5 uniramous.
2 - Right P5 nearly 3 times shorter than left.
3 - Distal (3rd) segment of right P5 with 1 terminal small spine.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

T. Scott, 1902 (p.451, Rem.); Pearson, 1906 (p.11, Rem.); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.173); ? King & Hida, 1955 (p.11); Chiba & al., 1957 (p.308); 1957 a (p.11); Delalo, 1968 (p.137); Markhaseva, 1998 (p.250, Fig.2); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, tab. 4, Appendix); Holmes, 2001 (p.46, Rem.); Markhaseva & Schnack-Schiel, 2003 (p.120, Rem.); Kosobokova & al., 2007 (p.929: Tab.7); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2010 (p.991, Table 2); Salah S. & al., 2012 (p.155, Tableau 1); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2012 (p.1321, Table 2, 3, 5, abundance, biomass, production); El Arraj & al., 2017 (p.272, table 2, spatial distribution); Chaouadi & Hafferssas, 2018 (p.913, Table II: occurrence).

Distribution

NZ: 13 + 1 doubtful

Distribution map of Bradyidius armatus by geographical zones

List species for the subzone North Sea of the Zone 9

Distribution map of Bradyidius armatus for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Bradyidius armatus for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Bradyidius armatus for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Distribution map of Bradyidius armatus for the Zone Antarctic

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Antarct. (Indian: continent), Congo, Azores, Norway, Greenland, Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Great Britain, Clyde, Scottish coasts, Shetland Is., Norway (Raunefjorden: all the year), Barents Sea, North Sea, Cap Ghir, Moroccan coast, Ibero-morocco Bay, Medit. (Sidi Fredj coast, W Basin, Malta, East Basin, Alexandria), Red Sea, Maldives Is., Indian, Indonesia-Malaysia, Philippines, China Seas (South China Sea), S Korea, S Japan, Okhotsk Sea, ? Pacif. (equatorial central), off S Easter Is. (in Wilson, 1942 a , p.69)

Quotations

N: 30

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(5) F: 1,7; (37) F: 2,7-2,65; M: 2,2-1,5; (65) F: 2,65; M: 2,2; {F: 1,70-2,70; M: 1,50-2,20}

Remarks

epi-mesopelagic. Hyperbenthic (Oslo Fjord to Vardö between 30-70 m. on muddy bottom)
Sampling depth (Antarct.) : 3000 m.
The locality records other than the North Atlantic seem not certain and need confirmation.

David Nicolson (Data Development Coordinator, Integrated Taxonomic Information System Biologist, USGS/NBII, ITIS, http://www.itis.gov) (comm. pers. 3/12/2007) writes, regarding the nomenclature of Bradyidius armatus Giesbrecht 1897 :
Sometimes a doubt subsists concerning the valid name of the species, however Chris Thompson confirms the validity (see ICZN: Article 70.4, Identification of type species by deliberate misidentification, and article70.4.1 apply, and refer us to Art. 11.10 & 67.13. Under these articles, Bradyidius armatus Giesbrecht 1897 is deemed to be a new nominal species).After Markhaseva (1993, p.47) : Boeck (1872) described a species of Aetideus under the name Pseudocalanus armatus. Brady (1878) identified the material from England as P. armatus Boeck. The male was identified correctly, but the female belonged to another genus. Giesbrecht (1897) noticied this mistake and proposed a new genus, Bradyidius, for P. armatus female sensu Brady (not specifying wheter for male or for female). From Article 70c of ICZN, it follows that by doing so Giesbrecht ; contraryto the opinion of Matthews (1964), the fact that Giesbrecht himself has not mentioned such a combination, is of no importance. Vanhöffen (1897) noticied that P. armatus sensu Brady is actually a mixture of two species belonging to two genera, therefore he rejected the name Bradyidius and proposed the new name Bradyanus expressly for females that were erroneously identified by Brady as P. armatus. From the sale Article 70c it follows that by doing so Vanhöffen established a new nominal species Bradyanus armatus and this name should be treated as junior synonym of Bradyidius armatus Giesbrecht, notwithstanding the fact that latter Vanhöffen (1897b, 1907) used the specific name armatus for specimens of an other species (probably B. similis).

Last update : 25/10/2022

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