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Marine Planktonic Copepods
Calanopia minor  A. Scott, 1902   (F,M)
Taxonomy
Order Calanoida
Superfamily Diaptomoidea
Family Pontellidae

References

A. Scott, 1902 (p.406, figs.F,M); Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.235, 251); A. Scott, 1909 (p.177, figs.F,M); Pesta, 1912 a (p.51, figs.M); Sewell, 1914 a (p.232); 1932 (p.342); Bowman, 1957 (p.39, Rem.); Brodsky, 1962 c (p.146, figs.F); Kasturirangan, 1963 (p.48, figs.F,M); Tanaka, 1964 c (p.251, figs.F,M); Chen & Zhang, 1965 (p.96, figs.F,M); Kos, 1972 (Vol. I, figs.F, M, Rem.); Silas & Pillai, 1976 (p.782, Rem., figs.F,M); Marques, 1976 (p.997, fig.F); 1982 (p.766); Zheng & al., 1982 (p.71, figs.F,M); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.865, Pl.146: F,M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.885, 958, figs.F,M); Mulyadi, 2002 (p.44, figs.F,M, Rem.); Conway & al., 2003 (p.122, figs.F,M, Rem.); Phukham, 2008 (p.75, figs.F); Al-Yamani & al., 2011 (p.60, figs.F,M)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : O. Tanaka in Publs Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1964, XII (3). [p.251, Fig.230].
Female (from Izu region, Japan): a, cephalothorax (dorsal); b, urosome (dorsal); c, P5.
Nota: Cephalothorax 0.84 mm; abdomen 0.43 mm.
Head and 1st thoracic segment separate
Last thoracic segment produced posteriorly on each side into an acute spine.
Rostrum pointed.

Abdomen 2-segmented. The segments and caudal rami in the proportional lengths as 37 : 44 : 19 = 100.
Caudal rami about 2.2 times as long as wide.A1 17-segmented, extends to the end of the cephalothorax.
P5 3-segmented; the distal segment has a long inner seta.

Male: d, right A1; e, last thoracic segment and urosome (dorsal); f, P5.
Abdominal segments and caudal rami in the proportional lengths 17 : 19 : 19 : 15 : 11 : 19 = 100.
The left A1 extends to the end of the 3rd thoracic segment; the right A1 is modified into a grasping organ and has moderately stout denticles on the 18th segment; the 20th and 21st segments separated.
Caudal rami 3 times as long as wide.

Remaks: One adult female in vertical hauls from 200-0 m and a male from 500-0 m.
Plate 2 issued from: Q.-c. Chen & S.-z. Zhang in Studia Marina Sinica, 1965, 7. [Pl.39, 6-9].
Female (from E China Sea): 6, habitus (dorsal); 7, P5 (posterior).

Male: 8, habitus (dorsal); 9, P5 (posterior).
Plate 3 issued from : A. Scott in Siboga-Expedition, 1909, XIX a. [Plate XLVIII, Figs.6-10].
Female (from Indonesia-Malaysia): 6, habitus (dorsal); 7, last thoracic and genital segment (left side); 8, P5.

9, urosome; 10, P5.
Plate 4 issued from : E.G. Silas & P.P. Pillai in J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 1973 (1976), 15 (2). [p.783, Fig.1].
Female (from Indian Ocean): a, urosome (dorsal); b, rostrum; c, P5.

Male: d, right A1 (geniculate); e, P5.
Scale: single bar denotes 0.3 mm and double bars 0.05 mm.
Plate 5 issued from : Z. Zheng, S. Li, S.J. Li & B. Chen in Marine planktonic copepods in Chinese waters. Shanghai Sc. Techn. Press, 1982 [p.71, Fig.41].
Female: a, habitus (dorsal); b, rostrum (frontal view); c, genital segment (ventral); d, idem (lateral, left side); e, P5.

Male: f, habitus (dorsal); g, grasping segments of right A1; h, P5.

Scale bars in mm.
Plate 6 issued from : Mulyadi in Treubia, 2002, 32; [p.45, Fig.12].
Female (from Indonesian waters): a, habitus (dorsal); b, P3; c, P4; d, P5.

Male: e, habitus (dorsal); f, P5.
Plate 7 issued from : N. Phukham in Species diversity of calanoid copepods in Thai waters, Andaman Sea (Master of Science, Univ. Bangkok). 2008. [p.157, Fig.31].
Female (from W Malay Peninsula): a, habitus (dorsal); b, urosome (dorsal); c, P5.

Body length after the drawing: F = 1.283 mm.
Plate 8 Issued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, E.L. Markhaseva, C.E.F. Rocha & B. Abiahy in South Atlantic Zooplankton, edit. D. Boltovskoy. 1999, Vol. 2, Copepoda; [p.1067, Fig. 7.380: Calanopia minor]. r = right leg; l = left leg; B = basis; Exp1 = exopodal segment 1; Exp2-3 : exopodal segment 2-3; Exp3 = exopopdal segment 3.
Female characters (from key, p.958):
- P5 with 1 segment distal to basis.
- P5 terminal segment bifurcate distally, inner spine long and spinulose.

Male characters (from key, p.958):
- Distinct 'thumb' present on right P5 exopodal segment1-2.
- distal border of right P5 basis not extend much beyond middle of left basis.
Plate 9 Calanopia minor.
Female :
1 – P5 exopod 1-segmentef
2 – Exopodal segment of P5 with 3 spines
3 – Exopodal segment of P5 with 2 small lateral spines and 1 long medial spine (longer than segment itself)
Male :
1 – Left P5 longer than right one ; basis of left P5 swollen proximally.
2 – 2nd exopodal segment of right P5 nearly 2/5 length of 1st exopodal segment; coxa of right P5 about or less than 1.4 times as long as basis.
3 – Basis of left P5 swollen proximally and produced into a small curved tooth.
Plate 10 Issued from : M.C. Kos in Field guide for plankton. Zool Institute USSR Acad., Vol. I, 1972.
Female: A, habitus (dorsal), after A. Scott, 1909); After Brodsky, 1962: Female: 1, forehead and rostrum (lateral); 2-3, corner of the last thoracic segment and abdomen (ventral and lateral, respectively); 4, P5.
Male: 5,3 habitus (lateral); 6, P5.
Plate 11 Issued from : R. Gurney in Trans. zool. Soc. London, 1927, 22. [p.154].
Relative lengths of cephalothorax, abdomen and caudal rami; and the genital double-somite and the 2nd abdominal somite. Comparison between Calanopia media, C. elliptica and C. minor females.

Complementary References

Cleve, 1904 (p.177); Sewell, 1912 (p.353, 368); Gurney, 1927 (p.154, Rem.); Sewell, 1948 (p.419, 434); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.175, non st. atlantique); Chiba & al., 1957 (p.308); Ganapati & Shanthakumari, 1962 (p.9, 15); De Decker, 1964 (p.14, 17, 27); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.11); Delalo, 1968 (p.138); Patel, 1975 (p.660); Carter, 1977 (1978) (p.36); Sreekumaran Nair & al., 1981 (p.493), Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); De Decker, 1984 (p.317, 330: chart); Binet, 1984 (tab.3); 1985 (p.85, tab.3); M. Lefèvre, 1986 (p.33, 40, 92); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); 1990 (p.305, fig.4: vertical distribution night/day; fig.7: cluster); Echelman & Fishelson, 1990 a (tab.2); Madhupratap & al., 1991 (p.947, Rem.: p.951); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.71); Padmavati & Goswami, 1996 a (p.85, fig.2, 3, Table 4, vertical distribution); Padmavati & al., 1998 (p.347); Wong & al, 1998 (tab.2); Mauchline, 1998 (tab.8); Lo & al., 2001 (1139, tab.I); Uysal & al., 2002 (p.17, tab.1); Osore & al., 2003 (p.69); Hwang & al., 2003 (p.193, tab.2); Shimode & Shirayama, 2004 (p.607,tab.2); Hsiao & al., 2004 (p.326, tab.1); eazai & al., 2004 (p.489, tab.2); Lo & al.*, 2004 (p.218, fig.6); Lo & al., 2004 (p.468, tab.2); Lan & al., 2004 (p.332, tab.1); Lo & al., 2004 (p.89, tab.1); Kazmi, 2004 (p.228); Rezai & al., 2005 (p.157, Table 5: spatial & temporal variations); Zenetos & al., 2005 (p.63, Rem.: p.82, casual occurrence); Rakhesh & al., 2006 (p.93, Table 2, spatial distribution); Hwang & al., 2006 (p.943, tabl. I); Hwang & al., 2007 (p.24); Dur & al., 2007 (p.197, Table IV); Jitlang & al., 2008 (p.65, Table 1); Tseng L.-C. & al., 2008 (p.153, Table 2, fig.5, occurrence vs geographic distribution, indicator species); Tseng & al., 2008 (p.402, Table 2); Lan Y.-C. & al., 2008 (p.61, Table 1, % vs stations, Table 2: indicator species); C.-Y. Lee & al., 2009 (p.151, Tab.2); Lan Y.-C. & al., 2009 (p.1, Table 2, % vs hydrogaphic conditions); Cornils & al., 2010 (p.2076, Table 3, Fig.5); Zenetos & al., 2010 (p.397); W.-B. Chang & al., 2010 (p.735, Table 2, abundance); Shanthi & Ramanibai, 2011 (p.132, Table 1); Hsiao S.H. & al., 2011 (p.475, Appendix I); Hsiao & al., 2011 (p.317, Table 2, indicator of seasonal change); Kâ & Hwang, 2011 (p.155, Table 3: occurrence %); Tseng L.-C. & al., 2011 (p.47, Table 2, occurrences vs mesh sizes); Maiphae & Sa-ardrit, 2011 (p.641, Table 2, 3, Rem.); Pillai H.U.K. & al., 2011 (p.239, Table 3, vertical distribution); Pagano & al., 2012 (p.538, Table 1); Tseng & al., 2012 (p.621, Table 3: abundance, indicator species); Jose & al., 2012 (p.20, fig.3 a,b,c: % vs monsoon); Tseng & al., 2013 (p.507, seasonal abundance); Jagadeesan & al., 2013 (p.27, Table 3, 4, 5, 6, fig.11, seasonal abundance); Anjusha & al., 2013 (p.40, Table 3, abundance & feeding behavior); Hwang & al., 2014 (p.43, Appendix A: seasonal abundance); Beltran Castro, 2014 (p.34, Table 1); Nakajima & al., 2015 (p.19, Table 3: abundance); Jerez-Guerrero & al., 2017 (p.1046, Table 1: temporal occurrence)

Distribution

Additional Maps & Charts

Map 5 Issued from : M. Madhupratap & P. Haridas in J. Plankton Res., 12 (2). [p.311, Fig.4].
Vertical distribution of calanoid copepod (mean +1 SE), abundance No/100 m3. 32- Calanopia minor.
Night: shaded, day: unshaded.
Samples collected from 6 stations located off Cochin (India), SE Arabian Sea, November 1983, with a Multiple Closing Plankton Net (mesh aperture 300 µm), in vertical hauls at 4 depth intervalls (0-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-1000 m).

Localisations

South Africa (E & SW), [G. of Mexico (in C.B. Wilson, 1950)], E Medit. (NW Lebanon Basin), ? Suez Canal (after Scott), G. of Aqaba, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Arabian Gulf, Laccadives Is. (lagoons), Natal, Madagascar (Nosy Bé), Seychelles, Indian, India ( Goa-Gujarat, Mangalore coast, G. of Mannar, Palk Bay, Saurashtra coast, Lawson's Bay), E India (coastal); Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea (Barren Island), W Malay Peninsula (Andaman Sea), Straits of Malacca, G. of Thailand, Indonesia (Sunda Strait, Cilacap Bay, NE Java coast, Ambon Is., Tioman Is., SW Celebes), Philippines, Viet-Nam (Cauda Bay), China Seas (East China Sea, South China Sea), Taiwan Strait, Taiwan (S, E, SW, W, Tapong Bay, NW, N, NE, Mienhua Canyon), S Korea, Japan (Tanabe bay), W Pacif. (equatorial), New Caledonia, Tuamotu Is., Ahe atoll lagoon, Moorea Is. (lagoon), Hawaii, Bahia Cupica (Colombia), Galapagos, G. of California, Islas Marias

Type locality: Red Sea.

Quotations

N: 99

Dimensions (mm)

(5) F: 1,4; M: 1,2; (120) F: 1,27; M: 1,23; (334) F: 1,4; M: 1,2; (256) F: 1,4-1,24; M: 1,18-1,11; (290) F: 1,15-1,4; M: 1,1-1,15; (332) F: 1,4-1,31; (333) F: 1,4-1,14; M: 1,06; (991) F: 1,24-1,4; M: 1,11-1,18; (1023) F: 1,3; M: 1,13; (1087) F: 1,24-1,3; M: 1,1-1,18; (1085) F: 1,2-1,4; M: 1,1-1,2; (1230) F: 1,2-1,5; M: 1,2; {F: 1,14-1,50; M: 1,06-1,23}

Remarks

Neritic.
After Mulyadi (2002, p.46) this species resembles C. aurivilli and C. americana.
The locality record given by C.B. Wilson (1950) in the Atlanic Ocean is considered very doubtful.
Uysal & al. (2002) report the presence of this species for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (possible Lessepsian migration).

See in DVP Conway & al., 2003 (version 1)
Last update : 20/06/2020

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