Gaetanus minor - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Gaetanus minor Farran, 1905 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Clausocalanoidea

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Family Aetideidae

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Genus Gaetanus

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

? Aetidius armiger : T. Scott, 1894 (p.71)

References

List of the studied authors

Farran, 1905 (p.34, Descr.F, figs.F); 1908 b (p.37); Wolfenden, 1908 (p.32); A. Scott, 1909 (p.47, figs.F, Rem.); Farran, 1926 (p.250); 1929 (p.233); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.233, figs.F); With, 1915 (p.103, fig.F); Sars, 1925 (p.60, figs.F); Farran, 1929 (p.208, 233); Sewell, 1929 (p.102); Rose, 1933 a (p.101, figs.F); Jespersen, 1934 (p.62); Farran, 1936 a (p.89); Tanaka, 1937 (p.257, figs.F juv.); Jespersen, 1940 (p.21); Sewell, 1947 (p.56, 57, 59); Vervoort, 1952 e (n°46, p.4, fig.F); 1957 (p.6, 61, Rem.); Tanaka, 1957 b (p.172, figs.F); Grice, 1962 (p.192, figs.F, juv.M); Paiva, 1963 (p.31, figs.F); Chen & Zhang, 1965 (p.52, figs.F); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.45, fig.F); Vilela, 1968 (p.17, figs.juv.); Tanaka & Omori, 1970 (p.140); Bradford, 1972 (p.38, figs.F); Bradford, 1972 (p.32, figs.F); Park, 1975 a (p.25, Descr.F,M, figs.M); 1978 (p.144, figs.F); Bradford & Jillett, 1980, fig.F, vertical distribution, chart); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.630, figs.F,M); Markhaseva, 1996 (p.205, figs.F); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.687, Pl.43,44: F,M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.879, 922, figs.F) ; Conway & al., 2003 (p.176, figs.F,M, Rem.); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.58, figs.F, Rem.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.581, figs.F, Rem.)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : T. Park in Antarctic Res. Ser. Washington, 1978, 27. [p.145, Fig.27].
Female: A, habitus (dorsal view); B, idem (left lateral side); C, forehead (dorsal view); D, idem (left lateral side); E, posterior part of metasome and urosome (dorsal view); F; idem (left lateral side); G, last metasomal and geital segments (dorsal).

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : T. Park in Antarctic Res. Ser. Washington, 1978, 27. [p.146, Fig.28].
Female: A, A2; B, Mx1; C, Mxp; D, P1; E, P2; F, P3; G, medial part of coxa of P4 (posterior view). P1-3: legs (anterior view).

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : E.L. Markhaseva in Proc. Zool. Inst. RAN, St. Petersburg, 1996, 268. [p.208, Fig.164].
Female (from Pacific: Uzu-Bonin Trench). Ce: forehead (lateral); P.md: mandibular palp.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : T. Park in Bull. Mar. Sci., 1975, 25 (1). [p.26, Fig.9].
Male: A, B, habitus (dorsal, lateral); C, forehead (lateral); D, A2; E, mandibular palp; F, Mx1; G, Mxp; H, P1 (anterior); I, P5 (posterior); J, distal part of left P5 (medial). P1, P5: legs.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 issued from : J.M. Bradford & J.B. Jillett in Mem. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 86, 1980. [p.56, Fig.36].
Female: A, habitus (dorsal); B, idem (lateral right side); C, basipod 1 of Mxp; D, exopod of P1; E, inner edge of basipod 1 of P4.
Nota: Generally the posterior metasomal points diverge slightly in south-west Pacific specimens, but in some specimens feom one station these points were directed straight posteriorly.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from: Q.-c Chen & S.-z. Zhang in Studia Marina Sinica, 1965, 7. [Pl.13, 13-17].
Female (from E China Sea): 13, habitus (dorsal); 14, forehead (lateral); 15, basal portion of 2nd segment of Mxp; 16, 1st basipodal segment of P4 (posterior).

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 Issued from: G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl.XVIII, figs.3-4].
Female: 3, habitus (dorsal); 4, idem (lateral left side).

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 issued from : A. Scott in Siboga-Expedition, 1909, XIX a. [Plate IX, Figs.1-8].
Female (from Eastern Indonesian waters): 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, forhead (lateral); 3, last thoracic and genital segments (left side); 4, rostrum; 5, Mxp (basal portion only); 6, P1; 7, P2 (basal portion); 8, P4 (basal portion).

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 issued from : G.P. Farran in Ann. Rep. Fish. Brch., Ireland, 1902-1903, II, App. 2, 1905. [Plate V, Figs.1-11].
Female (from W ireland): 1-2, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); 3, A1; 4, A2; 6, Mx2; 7, Mxp; 8-11, P1 to P4.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from : G.P. Farran in Ann. Rep. Fish. Brch., Ireland, 1902-1903, II, App. 2, 1905. [Plate V, Fig.5].
Female: 5, Mx1.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 issued from : R.N. Wolfenden in Die Marinen Copepoden der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 1911. [p.234, Fig.20].
Female: a, forehead (lateral); b-c, posterior part cephalothorax and urosome (lateral and dorsal, respectively); d, basal segment of Mxp; e, P1.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 12 of morphological figures

Plate 12 issued from : J.M. Bradford in Mem. N. Z. Oceonogr. Inst., 1972, 54. [p.39, Fig.7, (5-7].
Female (from Kaikoura, New Zealand): 5, basipod segment 1 of P4; 6-7, habitus (lateral and dorsal, respectively).
Scale bars: 1 mm (6, 7); 0.1 mm (5).

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 13 of morphological figures

Plate 13 issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.58, Fig.32].
Female (from Flores Sea): a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c, posterior end of last thoracic segment and urosome (lateral right side); d, Mxp; e, P3; f, P4.

Plate 14 Gaetanus minor female:
1 - Anterior part of cephalon with frontal spine.
2 - Exopodal segment 1 of A2 without seta, segment 2 with 2 setae. 2nd internal lobe of Mx1 with 4 setae. Exopod of P1 always with 2 external sopines.
3 - Mxp protopodite with lateral plate.
4 - Exopodal segment 2 of A2 with 2 setae.
5 - Spines on last thoracic segment directed straight backward (lateral view).
6 - Exopod of P1 2-segmented. Endopod of P2 1-segmented.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 Issued from : O. Tanaka in Japanese J. Zool., 1937, VII, 13. [p.257, Fig.8].
Immature Female, copepodid stage V (from coast of Heda, Japan): a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c; abdomen (lateral); d, Mxp.

Plate 16 issued from : Tanaka O. in Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1957, 6 (2). [p.174].
Female A1: proportional lengths of segments.
- A1 23-segmented, reaches back to distal end of 3rd abdominal segment.
- Segments 19 and 22 of about equal lengths.

Species Gaetanus minor - Plate 17 of morphological figures

Plate 17 issued from : Tanaka O. in Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1957, 6 (2). [p.173, Fig.42, e-g].
Female (from Sagami): e, habitus (dorsal); f, last thoracic segment and abdomen (lateral); g, 1st basal segment of Mxp.

Nota Female:
- Cephalothorax about 4.44 times the abdomen length (1.82 : 0.41).
- Last thoracic segment with lateral spines reaching about the end of genital segment.
- Abdomen 4-segmented; segments and caudal rami with proportional lengths 44 : 17 : 13 : 9 : 17 = 100.
- Caudal rami as long as wide.
- Genital segment a little wider than long.
- A1 23-segmented.
- A2 exopod about 1.2 times as long as endopod.
- Mx1 2nd inner lobe carries (as With) 2 strong setae and short spine-like setae.
- Mxp with a lamellous process on 1st basal segment about the middle of posterior margin.
- P1 exopod 2-segmented.
- Number of teeth on terminal spine of P2 to P4 are 13, 15 and 13.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Pearson, 1906 (p.14); Wilson, 1942 a (p.188); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.16); Sewell, 1948 (p.330, 500, 520, 529, 545, 556, 566); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.233); Østvedt, 1955 (p.15: Table 3, p.63); Fagetti, 1962 (p.19); Gaudy, 1963 (p.22, Rem.); Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.22); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.12); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.223); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution vs mixing Oyashio/Kuroshio region, Table 9, 10); Mazza, 1966 (p.70); Fleminger, 1967 a (tabl.1); Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.15); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.256, 261, 268); De Decker, 1968 (p.45); Morris, 1970 (p.2300); Park, 1970 (p.476); Timonin, 1971 (p.281, trophic group); Deevey, 1971 (p.224); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, tabl.2); 1972 a (p.336); Bainbridge, 1972 (p.61, Appendix Table III: occurrence); Björnberg, 1973 (p.324, 386); Harding, 1974 (p.141, tab. 3, gut contents); Vives & al., 1975 (p.42, tab.II, III, XII); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.256, tab.2, Station "S"); Carter, 1977 (1978) (p.35); Dessier, 1979 (p.204); Pipe & Coombs, 1980 (p.223, figs. 1, 2, table 1, vertical distribution); Vives, 1982 (p.291); Kovalev & Schmeleva, 1982 (p.83); Brenning, 1983 (p.3, Rem.); Cummings, 1984 (p.163, Table 2); Roe, 1984 (p.356); De Decker, 1984 (p.316); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Tremblay & Anderson, 1984 (p.3, Rem.); Brenning, 1985 a (p.28, Table 2); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Chen Y.-Q., 1986 (p.205, Table 1: abundance %, Table 2: vertical distribution); Rudyakov, 1986 (tab.1); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.58); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1990 (p.305, fig.5: vertical distribution night/day; fig.7: cluster); Suarez & al., 1990 (tab.2); Yoo, 1991 (tab.1); Suarez, 1992 (App.1); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.67); Park & Choi, 1997 (Appendix); Errhif & al., 1997 (p.422); Padmavati & al., 1998 (p.347); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p108); Lopez-Salgado & al., 2000 (tab.1); Lapernat, 2000 (tabl. 3, 4); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, Appendix); Haury & al., 2000 (p.69, Table 1); Holmes, 2001 (p.49); Sameoto & al., 2002 (p.12); Bradford-Grieve, 2003 (p.96, tab.1); Hsiao & al., 2004 (p.325, tab.1); Pusch & al., 2004 (251, tab.3); Dias & Araujo, 2006 (p.29, Rem., chart); Lavaniegos & Jiménez-Pérez, 2006 (p.144, tab.2, 4, Rem.); Valdés & al., 2007 (p.103: tab.1); Neumann-Leitao & al., 2008 (p.799: Tab.II, fig.6); Morales-Ramirez & Suarez-Morales, 2008 (p.517); Gaard & al., 2008 (p.59, Table 1, N Mid-Atlantic Ridge); Lan Y.C. & al., 2008 (p.61, Table 1, % vs stations); C.-Y. Lee & al., 2009 (p.151, Tab.2); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Park & Ferrari, 2009 (p.143, Table 5, Appendix 1, biogeography); Williamson & McGowan, 2010 (p.273, Table 3, Pacific central gyres: N and S); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2010 (p.2064, Table 2: E Atlantic subtropical/tropical); Dias & al., 2010 (p.230, Table 1); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Andersen N.G. & al., 2011 (p.71, Fig.3: abundance); Teuber & al., 2013 (p.1, Table 1, abundance vs. oxygen minimum zone); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.); Tseng & al., 2013 (p.507, seasonal abundance); Hirai & al., 2013 (p.1, Table I, molecular marker); Lidvanov & al., 2013 (p.290, Table 2, % composition); Bonecker & a., 2014 (p.445, Table II: frequency, horizontal & vertical distributions); Belmonte, 2018 (p.273, Table I: Italian zones)

Distribution

NZ: 21

Distribution map of Gaetanus minor by geographical zones

Distribution map of Gaetanus minor for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Gaetanus minor for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Gaetanus minor for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Distribution map of Gaetanus minor and for the Zone Sub-Antarctic

Additional Maps & Charts

Species Gaetanus minor - Distribution map 6

Map 6 issued from : C. de O. Dias & A.V. Araujo in Atlas Zoopl. reg. central da Zona Econ. exclus. brasileira, S.L. Costa Bonecker (Edit), 2006, Série Livros 21. [p.29].
Chart of occurrence in Brazilian waters (sampling between 22°-23° S).
Nota: sampling only 3 specimens.

Species Gaetanus minor - Distribution map 7

Map 7 Issued from : J.M. Bradford & J.B. Jillett in New Zealand Ocean. Inst. Memoir, 86, 1980. [p.87, Figs.63].
Distribution of several species of Gaetanus in the Tasman Sea and around New Zealand.

Map 8 Issued from : M. Madhupratap & P. Haridas in J. Plankton Res., 12 (2). [p.312, Fig.5].
Vertical distribution of calanoid copepod (mean +1 SE), abundance No/100 m³. 40- Gaetanus minor.
Night: shaded, day: unshaded.
Samples collected from 6 stations located off Cochin (India), SE Arabian Sea, November 1983, with a Multiple Closing Plankton Net (mesh aperture 300 µm), in vertical hauls at 4 depth intervalls (0-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-1000 m).

Localisations

Geographical glossary

sub-Antarct. (Indian, SE Pacif.), South Africa (E & W), Namibia, off N Tristan da Cunha, Angola, off Trinidade Is., Congo, G. of Guinea (off Lagos), off NE St. Paul Is., Cape Verde Is., off Mauritania-NW Cape Verde Is., off Morocco-Mauritania, Great Meteor Seamount, Canary Is., off Madeira, Ibero-moroccan Bay, Portugal, off W Cabo Finisterre, Azores, Brasil (off Rio de Janeiro, off Vitoria-Cabo de Sao Tomé, off Macé, off Amazon), Caribbean Sea, Caribbean Colombia, G. of Mexico, Sargasso Sea, Florida, off Bermuda: Station "S" (32°10'N, 64°30'W), Flemish Cap, off E Nova Scotia, Bay of Biscay, W Ireland, English Channel, SW Iceland, Wyville Thompson Ridge (60°N), Faroe Is., Norwegian Sea, Medit. (Alboran Sea, G. of Lion, Ionian Sea), Arabian Sea, S Laccadive Is., Natal, Madagascar (Nosy Bé), Indian, S Indian (subtropical convergence), Indonesia-Malaysia, Flores Sea, Philippines, China Seas (Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea), Taiwan (E, NE), S Korea, Japan (Izu), Izu-Bonin Trench, Fosse des Mariannes, Pacif. (W equatorial), Australia (Great Barrier), New Zealand (Kaikoura, North Island SE), Hawaii, Pacif. (N central subtropical), Pacific (central gyres: N & S), Vancouver Is., Seattle, California, W Baja California, off E Malpelo Is., W Costa Rica , off Galapagos, off Peru, N Chile, off Valparaiso.
Type locality: Atlantic (Ireland Slope)

Quotations

N: 130

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(1) F: 2,1; (5) F: 2,3; (7) F: 2,3; (10) F: 2-1,75; (20) F: 2,4-2,32; (32) F: 2,4; (34) F: 2,1; (35) F: 2,16; (37) F: 2,4-1,7; (38) M: 2,4-2,34 ; (40) F: 2,34-1,88; M: 2,12-1,86; (56) F: 2,23; (73) F: 2,26-2,23; (101) F: 2,24-2; (113) F: 2,3-2,1; (116) F: 2,35; (199) F: 2,28-1,82; (201) F: 2,4-1,90; (202) F: 2,1-2,4; (290) F: 2,1-2,15; (432) F: 2,45-2,3; (991) F: 1,7-2,4; (1109) F: 2,05; 2,26; (1122) F: 2,23; {F: 1,70-2,45; M: 1,86-2,40}

Remarks

epi-bathypelagic. Sargasso Sea: 0-1000 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, station "S"); In vertical tow 4000-3000 m, Rem.: possible contaminant species from higher up the water column). Considered as vertical migrator.
Sampling depth (sub-Antarct.) : 0-1000 m.

According to Østvedt (1955) this species have not previously been taken from this northern latitude of the Norwegian Sea.
For Vervoort (1957, p.61) campbell (1930) described a species as G. intermedius from Vancouver Island region, , this species may be identical with G. minor.
Timonin (1971, p.282) considers the trophic interrelations in the equatorial and tropical Indian Ocean, and divides the plankters into 6 trophic groups from the litterature and the results of studies of mouth-parts structure and intestine content. This species is omnivorous.

See in DVP Conway & al., 2003 (version 1)
R. Stephen: Data sheets of NIO, Kochi, India (on line).

Last update : 15/01/2021

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