Species Card of Copepod
Calanoida ( Order )
    Calanoidea ( Superfamily )
        Megacalanidae ( Family )
            Bathycalanus ( Genus )
Bathycalanus milleri  Bradford-Grieve, Blanco-Bercial & Boxshall, 2017   (F,M)
Ref.:
Bradford-Grieve, Blanco-Bercial & Boxshall, 2017 (p. 98,Desscr. F, M, figs. F, M, phylogeny)
Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 1 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.101, Fig.60].
Female (from 02.867°N, 80.850°W)): A-B, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); C, forehead (lateral); D, same (dorsal view); E, caudal ramus (dorsal); F, A1; G, A2; H, proximal part of exopod of A2 (another view); I, P1 (anterior view).
Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, N, F, I); 0.1 mm on remaining figures.

Nota:
- Forehead in lateral view with curving hump just posterior to rostral projection, in dorsal view, produced into distinct short rounded projection bearing pair of very small spine-like processes.
- Pediger 5 with symmetrical, short, rounded posterolateral corbers extending less than 1/4 of way along genital double-somite.
- Genital double-somite widest in dorsal view at anterior 1/3, length about as long as widest width.
- A1 extending about 5-6 segments beyond caudal rami.
- A2 exopod segment IV with short seta extending slightly beyond distal border of exopod segment VIII, bordered by soinules.
- P1 exopod with articulation between exopoal segments 2 and 3 well-developed


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 2 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.102, Fig.61.
Female A1 ancestral segmentss: A, segments I-XII; B, segments XIII-XIX; C, segments XX-XXVIII; D, distal part of segment XVI; E, distal part of segment XVII; F, distal part of segment XVIII; G, distal part of segment XIX; H, distal part of segment XX; I, detail of segment XXVIII.
Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm on remaining figures.

Nota:
- Distoanterior borders of segments XVI-XX with about 23, 21, 21, 22, 24 teeth, respectively, lining border just distal to seta; posterior borders of these segments lined distally with 14, 30, 31, 19, 0 teeth, respectively; all teeth slightly on ventral surface..

Remaks: The spinules found on the anterior and posterior borders of most of A1 segments XVI-XX are diagnostic for this species (see fig.61), along with the 2 setae on the 2nd basal endite of Mx1 (see fig.63B). nevertheless, among the specimens examined, one specimen from 13.155°S, 0.316°E (998-1985 m depth/wire out), also had spinules on the distoposterior border of segment XV.. The specimens from 64.010°S, 140.01°E (500-1000 m) have segment XVI with very few posterior border spinules and the anterior border spines appear to be situated in an excavation distal to midlength seta (see fig.62A-C). In general, the numbers and locations of spinules are variable.


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 3 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.103, Fig.62].
Female: A, A1 ancestral segments XVI-XVII; B, A1 ancestral segmentsXVIII-XIX; C, A1 ancestral segment XX; D, P2; E, P3; F, P4; G, P5. (all legs: anterior view).
Scale bars: 1.0 mm ( D-G); 0.1 mm (A, B, C).


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 4 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.104, Fig.63].
Female: A, Md; B, Mx1; C, Mx2; D, endopod of Mx2; E, Mxp; F, endopod segments 1 and 2 of Mxp (another view).
Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C, E, F); 0.1 mm on remaining figures.

QNota:
- Mx1 praecoxal arthrite with 13 setae and spines, including 2 setae on posterior surface, 1 distoanterior seta small; coxal endite without setae; basal endite 2 with 2 short setae; endopod segments with 2 (subequal), 2 (subequal), 6 setae (including1 smaller seta arising from posterior surface), respectively.
- Mxp syncoxal endite 4 with longest spinulose seta extending short of distal border of endopodal segment 2.


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 5 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.105, Fig.64].
Male (from 13.155°S, 0.316°E)): A-B, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); C, forehead (dorsal view); D,same (lateral); E, caudal ramus (dorsal); F, right A1; G, endopod segment 1 of Md: H, coxal endite, basal endites 1 and 2 and endopod of Mx1; I, middle part of Mxp; J, inner distal corner of left exopod segment 2 of P5.
Scale bars: 1.0 mm( A, B,F, I); 0.1 mm on remaining figures.

Nota:
- Pediger 5 with short rounded lappets not reaching posterior border of urosomite 1.
- In lateral view Urosomite II not enlarged and swollen: UrII 1.52-1.70 (mean 1.59, S.D. = 0.10, n = 5) times longer than UrIII and not constricted anteriorly such tha ratio UrII ant/OrII max = 0.73-0.79 (mean = 0.78, S.D. = 0.02, n = 5).
- A1 right gripping elements around geniculation very similar to those of Ba. richardi (see fig 65F, H, I).


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 6 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.106, Fig.65].
Male: A, Left A1 ancestral segmentsI-XIII; B, same, segments XIV-XVII; C, same, segments XVIII-XXI; D, same, segments XXII-XXVIII; E, detail of segment XXVIII. F, Right A1 ancestral segments XVII-XXIII; same, segments XXIV- XXVIII; H, detail of segments XXIX-XX; I, same, segments XXI-XXIII.
Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G); 0.1 mm on remaining figures.


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 7 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.107, Fig.66].
Male : A, P5 (anterior view). Another specimen: B, right exopod segment 3 of P5; C, left exopod segment 3 of P5; D, inner distal corner of left exopod segment 2 of P5.
Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C, D).

Nota:
- P5 left exopodal segment 2 specialised seta with moderately lengthened lash extending well short of distal border of endopodal segment 3 and densely covered in long setules, basal part swollen, bearing spinule; inner border of right exopodal segment 3 naked.


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 8 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.91, Table 10].
Morphological characters after identification key of Bathycalanus females and males.
Compare to other species of genus.

Main characters identification after species key :
1 - Mx1 praecoxal endite without setae.
2 - Anterior margin of head with 2 very small spine-like processes.
3 - P1 exopod segments 2 and 3 separate;
4 - Pedigerous somites 4 and 5 without laterally extended lappets; Genital double not angular shaped.
5 - Genital double-somite hardly swollen in dorsal view, without spinules. (male unknown).
6 - Pedigerous somite 5 hardly extended posteriorly, symmetrical, short and rounded in lateral view.
7 - Female A1 anterodistal borders of ancestral segments XVI-XX and distoposterior of segments XVI-XIX with teeth. Male P5 exopod segment 2 specialised seta not extended beyond distal border of endopod, right P5 endopod segment 3 inner border naked.


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 9 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.82, Table 9].
Proportions of male urosomites. See below diagram illustrating how measurements were made (Fig.1, D).
Stations: MV66-11 = 38.033°N, 124.183°W; Southtow IV13.867°S, 77.717°W; USNM262488


Species Bathycalanus milleri - Plate 10 of morphological figuresIssued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.13, Table 1, D].
Diagram illustrating measurements. Example taken for Bathycalanus bradyi in lateral view.. male. Ur = urosomite

NZ: 7

Distribution map of Bathycalanus milleri by geographical zones
Species Bathycalanus milleri - Distribution map 3Issued from : J.M. Bradford-Grieve, L. Blanco-Bercial & G.A. Boxshall in Zootaxa, 2017, 4229 (1). [p.84, Fig.46].
Distribution of Bathycalanus species;
Bathycalanus richardi (filled squareç; Bathycalanus bradyi (filled triangle); Bathycalanus milleri (open triangle); Bathycalanus dentatus (open square); Bathycalanus tumidus (open circle); Bathycalanus adornatus (open diamond); Bathycalanus pustulosus (filled star); Bathycalanus unicornis ( (filled diamond); Bathycalanus bucklinae (filled circle); Bathycalanus eximius (cross).
Loc:
Eastern Pacific off Ecuador and California, Southern Ocean (Pacific and Atlantic sectors).

Type locality: 02.867° N, 80.850° W.
N: 1
Lg.:
(1316) F: 9,1-11,50; M: 9,1-9,7; {F: 9,1-11,50; M: 9,1-9,7}
Rem.: Bathy- to abyssopelagic species taken in hauls: 4000-0 m; 2000-1000 m; 1000-500 m.
Last update : 01/08/2018
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