Arietellus simplex - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Arietellus simplex Sars, 1905 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Arietelloidea

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Family Arietellidae

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Genus Arietellus

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Arietellus major Esterly, 1906 a (p.74, figs.F); Sewell, 1948 (p.563); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013 ; M. Ohman, comm. pers.)

References

List of the studied authors

Sars, 1905 c (p.22, Descr.F); Farran, 1908 b (p.82); A. Scott, 1909 (p.143, Rem.); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.331, figs.F, Rem.M); Sars, 1925 (p.334, figs.F, M); Sewell, 1932 (p.329); Jespersen, 1934 (p.116); 1940 (p.65); Lyshholm & al., 1945 (p.40); Sewell, 1947 (p.236); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.168, figs.F,M, F: anomalie); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.395, figs.F,M); Vervoort, 1957 (p.141, Rem.); Tanaka, 1964 c (p.233, figs.F); Vervoort, 1965 (p.154, Rem.); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.90, figs.F,M); Moraïtou-Apostolopoulou, 1969 a (p.189); Razouls, 1994 (p.174, figs.F,M); Ohtsuka & al., 1994 (p.131, Rem.M, figs.M); Heinrich, 1996 (p.1784, figs.M); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.720, Pl.: 54: F,M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.882, 937, figs.F,M); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.153, figs.F,M)

Figures

Plate 1 Female: 1, habitus (dorsal view); 2, Head (lateral); 3, P5; Issued from : Wolfenden R.N. in Dt. Südpol.-Exped., 1911, 12 (Zool. 4): 181-380.

Male: 4, habitus (dorsal); 5, Head (lateral); 6, Th4+5 (lateral and 1st genital segment; 7, P5 (Dt: right, G: left); Issued from Scott A. in Siboga Exped., Monogr., 1909, 29a: 1-323.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : O. Tanaka in Publs Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1964, XII (3). [p.233, Fig.221].
Female (from Sagami, Japan): a, habitus (dorsal; b, foreheas (left lateral side); c, last thoracic segment and urosome (left lateral side); d, A2; e, Mx1; f, P1; g, P2; h, left P5.

Nota: Cephalothorax 4.40 mm, abdomen 1.37 mm.
Abdomen 4-segmented. The urosomal segments and caudal rami in the proportional lengths as 31 : 16 : 13 : 12 : 28 = 100.
Genital segment about as long as wide, slightly produced below near the proximal ventral margin.
Caudal rami about 2 times as long as wide.
A1 extends to the end of the thoracic segment.
A2 endopod 2 times as long as the exopod.
Md without endopod; biting part simple in structure.
Mx1 without 3rd inner lobe; endopod represented by a single strong seta.
Mxp as that of A. setosus figured by Giesbrecht.
Exopod of P5 1-segmented and endopod 1-segmented; endopod furnished with 2 setae of about equal lengths at the distal margin; seta on the 2nd basal segment of the right leg longer than that of the left.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : S. Ohtsuka, G.A. Boxshall & H.S.J. Roe in Bull. nat. Hist. Lond. (Zool.), 1994, 60 (2). [p.132, Fig.16, E,I].
Male (from Canary Is.): E, exopod of A2; I, endopod of Mx1.
Scale bars in mm.
Nota: exopod of A2 indistinctly 8-segmented (setal formula: 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, respectively). 1st exopod segment of mandibular palp with normally developed seta. endopod of Mx1 represented by low knob, almost fused with basis (Fig.16, I)

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : S. Ohtsuka, G.A. Boxshall & H.S.J. Roe in Bull. nat. Hist. Lond. (Zool.), 1994, 60 (2). [p.134, Fig.18,N].
Male: N, left endopod of P5.
Scale bar in mm.
Nota: left endopod of P5 indistinctly 2-segmented, suture visible on both surfaces; terminal and subterminal spines on 3rd exopod segment , terminal spine with 4 minute spinules terminally; terminal spine of distal compound exopod segment of right leg unarmed.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 issued from : A.K. Heinrich in Zool. Zh., 1996, 75 (12). [p.1783, Fig.6].
Female (from SW Indian Ocean): 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, forehead (lateral); 3, last thoracic segment and urosome (lateral right side); 4, urosome (ventral); 5, idem (lateral right side); 6, P5.
Scale bars in mm.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : A.K. Heinrich in Zool. Zh., 1996, 75 (12). [p.1784, Fig.7].
Male: 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, forehead (lateral); 3, last thoracic segment and urosome (lateral right side); 4, P5; 5, left P5 (distal segment of exopodite).
Scale bars in mm: 1.0 (1-4); 0.100 mm (5).

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 Issued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl.CXX, figs.7-12].
Female: 7, habitus (dorsal); 8, forehead (lateral); 9, P5; 10, anal segment and caudal rami (dorsal).

Male: 11, habitus (dorsal); 12, P5.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 Issued from : K.A. Brodskii in Calanoida of the Far Eastern Seas and Polar Basin of the USSR. Opred. Fauna SSSR, 1950, 35 (Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967) [p.396, Fig.281].
Female (from Sea of Okhotsk): habitus (dorsal and lateral left side); forehead (lateral); P5.

Male (from NW Pacif.): habitus (dorsal); forehead (lateral); S1, P1; S5, P5.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 issued from : A. Scott in Siboga-Expedition, 1909, XIX a. [Plate XLIV, Figs.14-18].
Male (from Molucca Passage): 14, habitus (dorsal); 15, forehead (lateral); 16, last thoracic and genital segments (left side); 17, P5.

Female (after Esterly, 1906): 18, P5.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from : R.N. Wolfenden in Die Marinen Copepoden der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 1911. [p.332, Fig.68].
Female (from tropical Atlantic): a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral).

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 issued from : R.N. Wolfenden in Die Marinen Copepoden der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 1911. [Pl.XXXVI, Fig.5].
Female: 5, P5.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 12 of morphological figures

Plate 12 issued from : C.O. Esterly in Univ. Calif. Publs Zool., 1906, 3 (5). [Pl.9, Fig, 17]. As Arietellus major.
Female (from San Diego, California): 17, forehead (lateral).

Plate 13 issued from : C.O. Esterly in Univ. Calif. Publs Zool., 1906, 3 (5). [Pl.11, Figs.43, 44]. As Arietellus major.
Female: 43, last thoracic segment and urosome (lateral); 44, urosme (ventral).

Plate 14 issued from : C.O. Esterly in Univ. Calif. Publs Zool., 1906, 3 (5). [Pl.12, Fig.56]. As Arietellus major.
Female: 56, Md (mandibular blade).

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 issued from : C.O. Esterly in Univ. Calif. Publs Zool., 1906, 3 (5). [Pl.13, Fig.80]. As Arietellus major.
Female: 80, P5.

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 16 of morphological figures

Plate 16 issued from : C.B. Wilson in Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 1950, 100 (14) (4). [Pl. 21, Fig.300].
Female : P5 (anomalous).

Species Arietellus simplex - Plate 17 of morphological figures

Plate 17 Issued from : C. Razouls in Ann. Inst. océanogr., Paris, 1994, 70 (1). [p.174]. Caractéristiques morphologiques de Arietellus simplex femelle et mâle adultes.
Terminologie et abbréviations: voir à Calanus propinquus.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Sewell, 1948 (p.330, 505, 522, 531, 539, 548, 559); Minoda, 1958 (p.253, 255: occurrence); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.11); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution in Oyashio/Kuroshio transitional area, Table 8); Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.19); 1968 (tab.2); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, 2); Björnberg, 1973 (p.349, 386); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.156, tab.2, Station "S"); Stephen & Rao, 1980 (p.242); Vives, 1982 (p.294); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.60); Hopkins & Torres, 1988 (tab.1); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, Appendix); Holmes, 2001 (p.14, Rem.); Hsiao & al., 2004 (p.325, tab.1: as Arietella simplex); Dur & al., 2007 (p.197, Table IV); Gaard & al., 2008 (p.59, Table 1, N Mid-Atlantic Ridge); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Park & Ferrari, 2009 (p.143, Table 4, Appendix 1, biogeography)

Distribution

NZ: 16

Distribution map of Arietellus simplex by geographical zones

Distribution map of Arietellus simplex for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Arietellus simplex for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Distribution map of Arietellus simplex for the Zone Antarctic

Additional Maps & Charts

Map 5 issued from : R. Stephen & T.S.S. Rao in J. Plankton Res., 1980, 2 (2). [p.242, Fig.1].
Distribution of Arietellus and Paraugaptilus in the Indian Ocean (open circles indicate the stations selected for the study).

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Antarct. (Peninsula, Weddell Sea, S Indian), South Africa (E), G. of Guinea, off NE St. Paul Is., Cape Verde Is., off Mauritania, Canary Is., off Madeira, Portugal, Azores, Caribbean Seas, Sargasso Sea, off Bermuda (Station "S"), off W Ireland, S Strait of Davis, S Iceland, ? Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, Laccadive Is., S Madagascar, Indian, Indonesia-Malaysia, Philippines, China Seas (South China Sea), Taiwan, Japan (Izu region), Okhotsk Sea, Aleutian Is., Queen Charlotte Is., Vancouver Is., Pacif. (equatorial), California, NE Marquesas Is., SW Galapagos, E Easter Is., off Juan Fernandez Is., Chile (N & S)

Quotations

N: 40

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(1) F: 6,6; (5) M: 6,2; (10) F: 5,6; M: 5; (16) F: 5,7-4,75; M: 5,45-4,85; (17) F: 6,2; (25) F: 6,95; (71) M: 6,1; (120) F: 5,77; (199) F: 6-5,62; M: 6,08-5,24; (852) F: 5,6-5,75; M: 5,1; {F: 4,75-6,95; M: 4,85-6,20}

Remarks

bathy-abyssopelagic.
Sampling depth (Antarct.): 300-600-1000 m. Sargasso Sea: 500-2000 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, Station "S"). 660-900 m at Station S 2 in S Bösö (E middle Japan).

R. Stephen: Data sheets of NIO, Kochi, India (on line).

Morphological characteristics of females:
- Last thoracic segment rounded.
- Caudal setae not divergent.
- Forehead with point in lateral view.

Last update : 03/12/2020

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