Euchaeta indica - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Euchaeta indica Wolfenden, 1905 (F,M1)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Clausocalanoidea

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Family Euchaetidae

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Genus Euchaeta

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Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Euchaeta wolfendeni A. Scott, 1909 (p.68, figs.F,M); ? Pesta, 1912 a (p.45); Sewell, 1914 a (p.216); 1929 (p.133, 153); Farran, 1936 a (p.91); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.44, figs.F,M); Sewell, 1947 (p.115); 1948 (p.418); Delsman, 1949 (p.129); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.217, figs.F,M); Sewell, 1951 (p.389, fig.F, Rem.); Chiba & al., 1957 (p.308); 1957 a (p.11); Yamazi, 1958 (p.149, Rem.); Tanaka, 1958 (p.328); 1960 (p.39); Grice,1962 (p.199, figs.F); Brodsky, 1962 c (p.122, figs.F,M); De Decker, 1964 (p.15, 22, 27); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.12); Chen & Zhang, 1965 (p.55, figs.F); Saraswathy, 1966 (1967) (p.77); Fleminger, 1967 a (p.XII: tabl.1); Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.16); De Decker, 1968 (p.45); Tanaka & Omori, 1968 (p.224); Timonin, 1971 (p.281, trophic group); Tanaka, 1973 (p.139, fig.F, Rem.); Chen & Shen, 1974 (p.126, figs.M); Patel, 1975 (p.659); Marques, 1976 (p.990, fig.F); Carter, 1977 (1978) (p.35); Stephen & Iyer, 1979 (p.228, tab.1, 3, 4, figs.3, 4); Sreekmaran Nair & al., 1981 (p.493, Fig.2cont.); Madhupratap & al., 1981 (p.266, fig.1h: Abundance vs. transect); Zheng & al., 1982 (p.33, figs.F,M); Marques, 1982 (p.759); Tranter, 1977 (p.596, 599: Rem.); De Decker, 1984 (p.316, 350: chart); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Stephen, 1984 (p.161, 169, distribution vs thermocline); Sazhina, 1985 a (p.491, tab.3); Longhurst, 1985 (tab.2); Sarkar & al., 1986 (p.178); Hernandez-Trujillo, 1989 a (tab.1); Cervantes-Duarte & Hernandez-Trujillo, 1989 (tab.3); Othman & al., 1990 (p.565, Rem.); Hirakawa & al., 1990 (tab.3); Kim & al., 1993 (p.269); Tiwari & Nair, 1993 (p.67); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.70); Kotani & al., 1996 (tab.2); Go & al., 1997 (tab.1); Hwang & al., 1998 (tab.II); Wong & al, 1998 (tab.2); Noda & al., 1998 (p.55, Table 3, occurrence); Hernandez-Trujillo, 1999 (p.284, tab.1); Lavaniegos & Gonzalez-Navarro, 1999 (p.239, Appx.1); Lo & al., 2001 (1139, tab.I); Hernandez-Trujillo & Suarez-Morales, 2002 (p.748, tab.1); Kazmi, 2004 (p.229); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.75, figs.F, Rem.); Rakhesh & al., 2006 (p.93, Table 2, spatial distribution); Jitlang & al., 2008 (p.65, Table 1); Phukham, 2008 (p.133, figs.F, M); W.-B. Chang & al., 2010 (p.735, Table 2, abundance); Tutasi & al., 2011 (p.791, Table 2, abundance distribution vs La Niña event);
Euchaeta marina : Dakin & Colefax, 1940

References

List of the studied authors

Wolfenden, 1905 (p.1008, Descr.F, figs.F); Bradford, 1974 (p.159, 167); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.18, figs.F,M, Rem.); Kimmerer & al., 1985 (p.428); Park, 1995 (p.17, Rem.F, M, figs.F,M); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.797, Pl.104: F,M); Conway & al., 2003 (p.185, figs.F,M, Rem.); Jeong & al., 2011 (p.117, 123, figs.F, Rem.: genital aperture); Soh & al., 2013 (p.21, figs.F)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : T. Park in Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. California, San Diego, 1995, 29. [p.116, Fig.6].
Female: a, forehead (left side); b, urosome (left side); c, genital somite (left side); d, idem (dorsal view); e, idem (right side); f, idem (ventral view); g, Mx2 (fifth lobe and endopod omitted, posterior); h, first leg (anterior); i, second leg (anterior).
Nota: Genital somite long, about twice as long as deep or as long as combined lengths of following 3 urosomal somites. Dorsally as well as ventrally, right side of genital somite with a triangular process followed immediately by a rounded outhgrowth in distal half and a lobular outgrowth at distal end. Left side with a rounded outgrowth close to proximal end. Both genital flanges similar in shape and each in lateral view semicircular with bilobed top.
Cephalosopmal appendages as in E. marina except that all terminal setae of 4 proximal lobes of Mx2 armed with long spinules in addition to rows of fine spinules (as in E. marinella.
Swimming legs simila to those of E. marina except that outer spine of proximal, compound segment of P1 exopod short of reaching halfway to base of following outer spine.
In P2 exopod, 2nd outer spine of 3rd segment distinctly shorter than outer spine of 2nd segment.

Male: j, forehead (left side); k, first leg (anterior); l, second leg (anterior); m, exopod of left 5th leg (anterior); n, idem (medial).

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from: Q.-c Chen & S.-z. Zhang in Studia Marina Sinica, 1965, 7. [Pl.16, 8-10]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female (from E China Sea): 8, habitus (dorsal); 9, forehead (lateral); 10, outer marginal spines of 2nd and 3rd exopodal segments of left P2 (posterior).

Plate 3 issued from : Q.-c Chen & C.-j. Shen in Studia Marina Sinica, 1974, 9. [p.127, Figs.1-4]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Male: 1, last thoracic segments and urosome (dorsal); 2, forehead (lateral); 3, P5; 4, exopod of left P5 (medial).

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : A. Scott in Siboga-Expedition, 1909, XIX a. [Plate XVII, Figs.1-12]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female (from Malay Archipelago): 1, habitus with eggs (dorsal); 2, forehead (lateral); 3, last thoracic and genital segments (left side); 4, A1; 5, one of the distal hairs of Mxp; 6, P1; 7, P2; 8, part of terminal spine (exopodite of P3).

Male: 9, P1 (exopodite); 10, P2 (part of exopodite); 11, P5 (part of left leg); 12, urosome.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 issued from : Z. Zheng, S. Li, S.J. Li & B. Chen in Marine planktonic copepods in Chinese waters. Shanghai Sc. Techn. Press, 1982 [p.35, Fig.20]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female: a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c-d, urosome (ventral and lateral, respectively); e, P2; f, exopodal segments 2 and 3 of P2.

Male: g, habitus (dorsal); h, urosome (dorsal); i, forehead (lateral); j, P2; k, P5; l, portion of distal segments of left P5.

Scale bars in mm.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : T. Mori in The pelagic Copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (2nd edit., 1964). [Pl.20, Figs.6-11]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female: 6, habitus (dorsal); 7, last thoracic and genital segments (lateral); 8, genital segment (ventral); 11, P2.

Male: 9, habitus (P5 with spermatophore); 10, distal portion exopodite of left P5

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 issued from : T. Mori in The pelagic Copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (2nd edit., 1964). [Pl.21, Fig.15]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female: 15, Mx2.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 issued from : G.D. Grice in Fish. Bull. Fish and Wildl. Ser., 1962, 61. [p.200, Pl.13, Figs.2-9]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female (rom equatorial Pacific): 2-3, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); 4, P2.
Nota: Long genital segment, the right posterior margin of which is produced into a rounded knob.

Male: 5, habitus (dorsal); 6, forehead (lateral); 7, posterior part of thorax and first two abdominal segments (lateral, left side); 8, P2; 9, terminal part of left P5.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 issued from : N. Phukham in Species diversity of calanoid copepods in Thai waters, Andaman Sea (Master of Science, Univ. Bangkok). 2008. [p.213, Fig.87]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female (from W Malay Peninsula): a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c, genital segment (dorsal); d, urosome (dorsal); e, corner of the last thoracic segment and genital segment with spermatophore (lateral); f, P2.

Male: g, habitus (dorsal); h, P5; i-j, serrated lamella.

Body length after drawings: F = 2.422 mm; M = 2.199 mm.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from : M.-K. Jeong, H.-L. Suh & H.Y. Soh in Ocean Sci., 2011, 46 (2). [p.124, Fig.5, A-D].
Female (E Korea): A-B, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); C, genital double-somite; D, A1.
Scale bars in micrometers.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 issued from : O. Tanaka in I O B C Handbook, 1973, IV. [p.148, Fig.9: 2]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female (from Indian Ocean): 2, genital segment (dorsal).

Nota: Genital segment irregular on the right side with a small rounded process on the distal margin.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 12 of morphological figures

Plate 12 issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.75, Fig.43]. As Euchaeta wolfendeni.
Female (from Indonesian Seas): a, habitus (dorsal); b, posterior part of last thoracic segment and genital complex (dorsal); c, same (lateral right side); d, Md (palp and gnathobase); e, Mx1; f, Mxp; g, P1; h, P2.

Plate 13 Euchaeta indica Female:
1 - See Key to marina species Group.
2 - Laterally, genital somite about twice as long as deep (Fig.6-b).

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 14 of morphological figures

Plate 14 issued from : J.M. Bradford in Pacific Science, 1974, 28 (2). [p.167, Table 2 part.]
Male: Left P5 exopodal segment 2 distal lamella.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 Issued from : J.M. Bradford, L. Haakonssen & J.B. Jillett in N. Z. Oceanogr. Inst. Memoir 90, 1983. [p. 19, Fig.5].
Female (from Wolfenden, 1905): A, habitus (dorsal); B-C, genital segment (left and right lateral view, respectively); D, genital segment (ventral); E, P1; F, exopod of P2.
- P1 exopod: Bb : 1/2 BC; Cc > BC..
- P2 exopod: Aa ≥ 2/3 AB; Bb ± 1/3 BC; Cc ≤ 1/2 CD; Dd = 1/5 CD.

Male (from A. Scott, 1909): G, terminal part of left P5.
- P1 exopod: Bb = 1/2 BC; Cc < BC.
- P2 exopod: Aa = 1/3 AB; Bb = 1/3 BC; Cc ±1/3 CD; Dd ± 1/3 CD.

Nota: (see code of lengths outer spine in the Genus' figure of Paraeuchaeta, or in Paraeuchaeta sp. A).

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 16 of morphological figures

Plate 16 Issued from : H.Y. Soh, S.Y. Moon & J.H. Wi in Invertebrate Fauna of Korea (eds) Incheon: NIBR, 2013, 21 (28). [p.22, Fig.8].
Female (Korean waters): A-B, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); C, A1.
Scale bars: 50 µm.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 17 of morphological figures

Plate 17 Issued from : H.Y. Soh, S.Y. Moon & J.H. Wi in Invertebrate Fauna of Korea (eds) Incheon: NIBR, 2013, 21 (28). [p.23, Fig.9].
Female: A, P1; B, P2; C, posterior part of urosome and caudal rami; D-E, last thoracic segment and two first urosomal segments (left and right sides, respectively); F, forehead (lateral); G,last thoracic segment and two first urosomal segments.
Scale bars: 200 µm.

Species Euchaeta indica - Plate 18 of morphological figures

Plate 18 Issued from : M.C. Kos in Field guide for plankton. Zool Institute USSR Acad., Vol. I, 1972. As Euchaeta wolfendrni. After Brodsky, 1962.
Female: 1, Habitus with eggs (dorsal); 2, habitus (lateral); 3, abdomen (ventral); 4, rostrum (lateral); 5, abdomen (lateral); 6, 7, P1; 8, P2.
Male: 9, P5; 10, distal exopodal segment of left P5 (serrated lamella).

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Dessier, 1983 (p.89, Tableau 1, 2, Rem., %); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Dessier, 1988 (tabl.1); Schulz, 1990 (p.188); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1990 (p.305, fig.5, vertical distribution, cluster: fig.7); Padmavati & Goswami, 1996 a (p.85, fig.3); Ramaiah & Nair, 1997 (tab.1); Padmavati & al., 1998 (p.349); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.109); Mauchline, 1998 (tab.42); Suarez-Morales & al., 2000 (p.751, tab.1); Madhupratap & al., 2001 (p. 1345, vertical distribution vs. O2, figs.4, 5: clusters); Hsiao & al., 2004 (p.326, tab.1); Chang & Fang, 2004 (p.456, tab.1); Lan & al., 2004 (p.332, tab.1); Lo & al.*, 2004 (p.218, fig.6); Gallienne & al., 2004 (p.5, tab.3); Prusova & Smith, 2005 (p.77); Lavaniegos & Jiménez-Pérez, 2006 (p.143, tab.2, 3, Rem.); Lopez-Ibarra & Palomares-Garcia, 2006 (p.63, Tabl. 1, seasonal abundance vs El-Niño); Hwang & al., 2006 (p.943, tabl. I): Hwang & al., 2007 (p.24); Dur & al., 2007 (p.197, Table IV); Humphrey, 2008 (p.83: Appendix A); Morales-Ramirez & Suarez-Morales, 2008 (p.519); Ayon & al., 2008 (p.238, Table 4: Peruvian samples); Fernandes, 2008 (p.465, Tabl.2); Lopez Ibarra, 2008 (p.1, Table 1, 2, figs.11, 16: abundance, Table 3: N, C isotopes, Annexe 2, Table 4: index trophic); Lan Y.C. & al., 2008 (p.61, Table 1, % vs stations); C.-Y. Lee & al., 2009 (p.151, Tab.2); Cornils & al., 2010 (p.2076, Table 3); Hernandez-Trujillo & al., 2010 (p.913, Table 2); Hsiao S.H. & al., 2011 (p.475, Appendix I); Kâ & Hwang, 2011 (p.155, Table 3: occurrence %); Hsiao & al., 2011 (p.317, Table 2, indicator of seasonal change); Tseng L.-C. & al., 2011 (p.47, Table 2, occurrences vs mesh sizes); Tseng & al., 2012 (p.621, Table 3: abundance); Palomares-Garcia & al., 2013 (p.1009, Table I, abundance vs environmental factors); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.); Tachibana & al., 2013 (p.545, Table 1, seasonal change 2006-2008); Tseng & al., 2013 (p.507, seasonal abundance); Tseng & al., 2013 a (p.1, Table 3, 5, abundance); Hirai & al., 2013 (p.1, Table I, molecular marker); Hwang & al., 2014 (p.43, Appendix A: seasonal abundance); Lopez-Ibarra & al., 2014 (p.453, fig.6, Table 2, biogeographical affinity); Palomares-Garcia & al., 2018 (p.178, Table 1: occurrence).

Distribution

NZ: 9

Distribution map of Euchaeta indica by geographical zones

Distribution map of Euchaeta indica for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Euchaeta indica for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Additional Maps & Charts

Species Euchaeta indica - Distribution map 4

Map 4 Issued from : J.M. Bradford, L. Haakonssen & J.B. Jillett in N. Z. Oceanogr. Inst. Memoir 90, 1983 [p.128, Top left, 129].
Distribution of Euchaeta indica, E. marinella and E. rimana in the south-west Pacific.

Map 5 Issued from : M. Madhupratap & P. Haridas in J. Plankton Res., 12 (2). [p.312, Fig.5].
Vertical distribution of calanoid copepod (mean +1 SE), abundance No/100 m³. 44- Euchaeta indica.
Night: shaded, day: unshaded.
Samples collected from 6 stations located off Cochin (India), SE Arabian Sea, November 1983, with a Multiple Closing Plankton Net (mesh aperture 300 µm), in vertical hauls at 4 depth intervalls (0-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-1000 m).

Map 6 Issued from : G.A. Lopez Ibarra in Tesis, Inst. Politec. Nac., CICIMAR, 2008. [p.48, Fig. 22 and p.51, Fig.24]
Spatial distribution of the isotopic values from the dominant species for localities (see map for the different zones: a to f). A: 13C; B: 15N.

Nota: Sampling in Julio to December 2003, with a Bongo net (333 µm mesh aperture) from obliquely drawing from 200 m depth to surface.
Cf. Map of the 6 zones sampled, legend and remarks by the same author in Subeucalanus subcrassus.

Map 7 Issued from : G.A. Lopez Ibarra in Tesis, Inst. Politec. Nac., CICIMAR, 2008. [p.37, Table 3].
Summary of abundance and steady isotopics 15N and 13C in Subeucalanus subcrassus.
C = main feeding: carnivore; T = tropical biogeographical affinity; zones (a-f) = Cf. fig.1 in the same author.
Compare with Subeucalanus subcrassus and other species (Tabla 3).

Localisations

Geographical glossary

South Africa (W & E), G. of Aden, ? Arabian Gulf, G. of Oman, Arabian Sea, Laccadive Is., Maldive Is., Natal, Mascarene Basin, Rodrigues Is. - Seychelles, off Cochin, Bombay, G. of Mannar, Sri Lanka, Indian, India (Saurashtra coast, Goa, Bengal: Hooghly estuary), E India, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., W Malay Peninsula (Andaman Sea), W Australia, Indonesia-Malaysia, S Java, Bali Sea, Flores Sea, SW Celebes, Philippines, China Seas (East China Sea, South China Sea), Taiwan Strait, Taiwan (S, E, SW, Kaohsiung Harbor, NW, N, NE), Okinawa, S Korea, Japan, Kuchinoerabu Is., Tokyo Bay, Pacif. (W equatorial), Australia (Great Barrier, G. of Carpentaria, Shark Bay), New Caledonia, New Zealand, Pacif. (equatorial), Bikini Is., California, Baja California (Bahia Magdalena, W), G. of California, La Paz, W Mexico, off W Guatemala, W Costa Rica, Galapagos-Ecuador, Peru

Quotations

N: 127

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(3) F: 2,68-2,4; M: 2,56-2,32; (5) F: 2,9-2,4; (34) F: 2,64-2,55; (63) F: 2,99-2,52; M: 2,63-2,42; (66) F: 2,62-2,53; M: 2,39; (98) F: 3-2,21; M: 2,92-2,31; (99) F: 2,7-2,45; M: 2,45; (101) F: 2,55-2,24; M: 2,44-2,21; (150) F: 2,52-2,42; M: 2,75-2,4; (290) F: 2,5-2,65; (332) F: 2,52; (333) F: 2,7; (394) M: 2,5-2,37; (530) F: 2,8; M: 2,4; (786) F: 2,77-2,66; (864) F: 2,24-2,58; (991) F: 2,4-2,68; M: 2,32-2,56); (1106) F: 2,17-2,41; (1122) F: 2,85; (1174) F: 2,17-2,41; (1230) F: 2,4-2,6; M: 2,4-2,8; {F: 2,17-3,00; M: 2,21-2,92}

The mean female size is 2.570 mm (n = 32; SD = 0.2120), and the mean male size is 2.468 mm (n = 17; SD : 0.1753). The size ratio (male : female) is 0.976 (n = 6; SD0.0430), or ± 98 %. In samples, the sex ratio (female : male) is temporary 1.8.

Remarks

For Park (1995, p.14) this species belongs to ‘’marina’’ Group.
Sewell (1947, p.116) notes several examples infected with a sepecies of Blastodinium ?contortum Chatton (1920, p.175), with sometimes double infection.
According to Tanaka '1973, p.139) the species in the Indian Ocean is widely distributed in the area north of latitude 20°S during the SW-monsoon except the inner part of the Bay of Bengal. However, the species was concentrated in the Bay of bengal during the NE-monsoon.
Timonin (1971, p.282) considers the trophic interrelations in the equatorial and tropical Indian Ocean, and divides the plankters into 6 trophic groups from the litterature and the results of studies of mouth-parts structure and intestine content. This species is a seizing and masticating carnivorous.
After Park (1995, p.18) This species, originally described from the Maldive and Laccadive archipelagos, was demonstrated by Bradford (1974) to be a senior synonym of E. wolfendeni. Park found the species rhroughout the tropical waters of the Pacific from the American coast, to the Malay Archipelago, and to the eastern Indian Ocean.
Park (1995, p.18) found this species throughout the tropical waters of the Pacific from the American coast, to the Maly Archipelago, and to the eastern Indian Ocean, in the western Pacific as far north as 30°N off southern Japan.

See in DVP Conway & al., 2003 (version 1)

Last update : 19/06/2023

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