Fiche d'espèce de Copépode
Cyclopoida ( Ordre )
    Oithonidae ( Famille )
        Oithona ( Genre )
Oithona similis-Group  Claus, 1866   (F,M)
Syn.: ? Oithona helgolandica Claus, 1863 (p.105, fig.M);
O. spinifrons Boeck, 1864; Brady, 1878 (p.90); Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.255);
Oithona helgolandica : Sars, 1900 (p.119); Pearson, 1906 (p.32); Sars, 1913 (1918) (p.8, Rem.: p. 207, figs.F,M); T. Scott, 1914 (p.8, fig.F); Pesta, 1920 (p.551); Campbell, 1929 (p.322, Rem.); Rose, 1929 (p.56); 1933 a (p.281, figs.F,M); Massuti Alzamora, 1942 (p.102, Rem.); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.42); Davis, 1949 (p.73, figs.F,M); Fleury, 1950 (p.47, fig.2); Hansen K.V., 1951 (p.231, migration vs. discontinuity layer); Gundersen, 1953 (p.1, 26, seasonal abundance); Crisafi, 1959 b (p.49, figs.F,M, Rem.); Gaudy, 1962 (p.93, 99, Rem.: p.116) ; Duran, 1963 (p.25); Giron-Reguer, 1963 (p.56); Gaudy, 1963 (p.30, Rem.); Shmeleva, 1963 (p.141); Vilela, 1965 (p.12); Mazza, 1966 (p.73); 1967 (p.363, 377, fig.70, p.401, fig.76); Séguin, 1968 (p.488); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.268); Ramirez, 1969 (p.87, fig.F, Rem.); Champalbert, 1969 a (p.641); Della Croce & al., 1972 (p.1, fig.2, Rem.); Razouls, 1972 (p.95, Annexe: p.105, figs.F,M); Valentin, 1972 (p.349, fig.9: seasonal abundance); Desgouille, 1973 (p.1, 131, Rem.: p.136, fig.16); Vives & al., 1975 (p.53, tab.II, III, IV); Gaudy, 1976 (p.77, fig.1, 6, Table I, II, III, production); Davis C.C., 1976 (p.37, fig.2, reproductive characteristics); Falconetti & Seguin, 1977 (p.188); Vaissière & Séguin, 1980 (p.23, tab.2); Castel & Courties, 1982 (p.417, Table II, fig.4, spatial & monthly distribution); Vives, 1982 (p.295); Patriti & al., 1984 (tab.1); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1984 (p.1041); Regner, 1985 (p.11, Rem.: p.40); Jansa, 1985 (p.108, Tabl.I, II, III, IV, V); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.61); Pancucci-Papadopoulou & al., 1990 (p.199); Valdes & al., 1990 (tab.2); Kouwenberg & Razouls, 1990 (p.23, climatic change); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.358, 360, 442, 465); Villate, 1991 a (fig.4); Santos & Ramirez, 1991 (p. 82, 83); Jouffre & al., 1991 (p.489, lagoon); Seguin & al., 1993 (p.23, Table 2: abundance, %); Santos & Ramirez, 1995 (p.133, Tabl. I, fig.2, 3); Fernandez de Puelles & al., 1996 (p.97, occurrence: p.101); Seridji & Hafferssas, 2000 (tab.1); Holmes & Gotto, 2000 (p.3, Rem.); Sautour & al., 2000 (p.531, Table II, abundance); d'Elbée, 2001 (tabl.1); Zerouali & Melhaoui, 2002 (p.91, Tableau I, fig.5); Gaudy & al., 2003 (p.357, tab.1); Vukanic, 2003 (p.139, tab.1); Daly Yahia & al., 2004 (p.366, fig.1, tab.1); Marrari & al., 2004 (p.667, tab.1); Vukanic & Vukanic, 2004 (p.361, tab. 1, fig.1); Rawlinson & al., 2005 (p.205, tidal exchange); Uriarte & Villate, 2005 (p.863, tab.I); Marques & al., 2006 (p.297, tab.III); Khelifi-Touhami & al., 2007 (p.327, Table 1); Cabal & al., 2008 (289, Table 1); Licandro & Icardi, 2009 (p.17, Table 4); Hafferssas & Seridji, 2010 (p.353, Table 2); Drira & al., 2010 (p.145, Tanl.2); Antacli & al., 2010 (p.71, Table 1, 2, Figs.4, 6); Rekik & al., 2012 (p.336, Table 1, abundance); Sabatini & al., 2012 (p. 33, Table 3, abundance vs stations transect); Spinelli & al., 2012 (p.39, potential prey for fish); Sobrinho-Gonçalves & al., 2013 (p.713, Table 2, fig.8, seasonal abundance vs environmental conditions); Zaafa & al., 2014 (p.67, Table I, occurrence); Antacli & al., 2014 (p.17, occurrence vs community structure).
Oithona spp (mainly similis : Atkinson & Shreeve, 1995 (p.1291, vertical distribution, grazing); Atkinson, 1996 (p.85, Table 3, 5, fig.1, feeding); Atkinson & Sinclair, 2000 (p.46, zonal distribution)
Oithona similis aff. helgolandica : Acha & al., 2020 (p.1, Table 3: occurrence % vs ecoregions, Table 5: indicator ecoregions).
Oithona spp. (miscellaneous species): Roff & al., 1995 (p.165, naupllii vs. bacteriophagy/picoplankton, naupliar production);
Ref.:
Claus, 1866 (p.14); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.537, 548, figs.F,M); Wheeler, 1901 (p.186, figs.F,M, Rem.); Giesbrecht, 1902 (p.28: Rem.Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.236, 255); Farran, 1908 b (p.88); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.363); Lysholm, 1913 (p.7); Rosendorn, 1917 a (p.24, figs.F,M); Sars, 1918 (p.207, figs.F,M, Rem.); Willey, 1920 a (p.22, Rem.); Lysholm & Nordgaard, 1921 (p.28); Mori, 1929 (p.199, fig.F); Kiefer, 1929 g (p.7, Rem.F,M); Farran, 1929 (p.210, 283); Rose, 1929 (p.55); Wilson, 1932 a (p.314, figs.F,M); Jespersen, 1934 (p.125, fig.33); Farran, 1936 a (p.124); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.112, figs.F,M); Dakin & Colefax, 1940 (p.116, fig.F); Jespersen, 1940 (p.90); Vervoort, 1951 (p.148, Rem.); Lindberg, 1955 a (p.464: Rem.); Shen & Bai, 1956 (p.226, figs.F,M); Vervoort, 1957 (p.146, Rem.); Crisafi, 1959 b (p.53 & suiv., Rem.); Tanaka, 1960 (p.62, figs.F,M); Kasturirangan, 1963 (p.75, 76, figs.F,M); Tanaka, 1964 (p.13); Marques, 1966 (p.11); Faber, 1966 (p.191, figs.N); Pallares, 1968 b (p.31, figs.F,M); Wellershaus, 1970 (p.483, 484); Minoda, 1971 (p.44); Shih & al., 1971 (p.55, 155, 214); Bossanyi & Bull, 1971 (p.15, Rem.); Bradford, 1971 b (p.28); 1972 (p.48, figs.F,M); Björnberg, 1972 (p.87); Shuvalov, 1972 (1975) (p.172, figs., Rem.); Chen & al., 1974 (p.30, figs.F,M, p.74: Rem., Tab.1); Sullivan & al., 1975 (p.176, figs.Md); Shuvalov, 1976 (in Kos, 1976, Vol. II., figs.F, Rem.); Nishida & al., 1977 (p.149, figs.F,M, Rem.); Shih & Laubitz, 1978 (p.50, 51); Séret, 1979 (p.160, figs.F); Dawson & Knatz, 1980 (p.9, figs.F,M); Shuvalov, 1980 (p.115, figs.N,F,M, Rem.M); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.663, figs.F); Schnack, 1982 (p.89, figs.: Mx2, Md, Mxp); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.108, figs.F,M); Nishida, 1985 a (p.88, figs.F, Rem.F, p.129); Sazhina, 1985 (p.91, figs. Nauplius); Zheng Zhong & al.,1984 (1989) (p.261, figs.F,M); Nishida, 1986 (p.386); Yoo & Lim, 1993 (p.91, 96, 97, Table 1); Kim & al., 1993 (p.271); Mazzocchi & al., 1995 (p.219, figs.F, Rem.); Menshenina & Melnikov, 1995 (p.128); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.939, Pl.194, 200: F,M); Schnack-Schiel & al., 1998 (p.173); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.886, 966, figs.F); Conway & al., 2003 (p.204, figs.F,M, Rem.); Conway, 2006 (p.22, copepodides 1-6, Rem.); Ferrari & Dahms, 2007 (p.35, Rem. N, p. 60, 65, copepodites); Avancini & al., 2006 (p.126, Pl. 94, figs.F, Rem.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.76, figs.F,M, Rem.); Cheng F. & al., 2013 (p.119, molecular biology, GenBank); Jose & al., 2014 (p.31, Tabl.1, 2, figs.); Cornils & Wend-Heckmann, 2015 (p.243, Table 1, fig. 2: molecular biology); Cepeda & al., 2016 (p.1, Table I: worldwide variation, fig.1: former selected drawings O. similis/O. helgolandica); Cornils & al., 2017 (p.473, species complex
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 1 de figures morphologiquesFemale: 1, 1', habitus (dorsal view); 2, 2' P1; 3, Head, (lateral); issued from : Tanaka, 1960. 4, Furca; issued from : Nishida, 1985.
Male: 5, habitus (lateral); issued from : Tanaka, 1960. 6, Urosome (dorsal); issued from Nishida, Tanaka & Omori in Bull. Plankton Soc. Jap., 1977, 24 (2): 119-158.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 2 de figures morphologiquesissued from : M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo, N. Crescenti & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods; L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.220, Fig.3.40.1].
Female: A, habitus (dorsal view); B, idem (lateral view); C, rostrum (lateral view); D, P1; E, P2; F, P3; G, P4.
Nota: Prosome 1.2 times urosome. Proportional lengths of urosomites and furca 15:36:14:12:12:11 = 100


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 3 de figures morphologiquesissued from : G.O. Sars in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. VI. Copepoda Cyclopoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1913 (1918). [Pl. III]. As Oithona helgolandica.
Female & Male (from Norway).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 4 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : S. Nishida in Bull. Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 1985, No 20. [p.89, Fig.50].
Female: a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c, anal segment and caudal rami (dorsal); d, A1; e, A2; f, Md (mandibular palp); g, Md (biting edge).

Nota: Proportional lengths of urosome segments and caudal ramus 13:34:15:14:14:11. A1 with posteroventral row of minute teeth on segments 2-22.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 5 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : S. Nishida in Bull. Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 1985, No 20. [p.90, Fig.51].
Female: a, thoracic segment 5 and genital segment (dorsal); b, idem (lateral right side); c, Mx1; d, Mx2; e, Mxp; f, P1; g, P2; h, P3; i, P4.

Nota after Vives & Shmeleva (2010, p.76): Setal formula on outer margin (in first) and inner margin (in second) of exopod segments (from proximal to distal) of P1 to P4:
P1: 1, 1, 2; 0, 1, 4.
P2: 1, 0, 1; 0, 1, 5
P3: 1, 0, 1; 0, 1, 5.
P4: 0, 0, 1; 0, 1, 5.

Male: after Vives & Shmeleva (2010, p.76): Setal formula on outer margin (in first) and inner margin (in second) of exopod segments (from proximal to distal) of P1 to P4:
P1: 1, 1, 2; 0, 1, 4.
P2: 1, 1, 2; 0, 1, 5
P3: 1, 1, 2; 0, 1, 5.
P4: 1, 1, 2; 0, 1, 5.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 6 de figures morphologiquesissued from : Q.-c Chen & S.-z. Zhang & C.-s. Zhu in Studia Marina Sinica, 1974, 9. [Pl.1, Figs.1-7].
Female (from China Seas): 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, forehead (lateral); 3, P2; 4, P3; 5, P4.
Nota: According to Breemen (1908) and Shen & Bai (1956), the exopod 3 of P4 is not provided with a single spine, our specimens are provided with an outer spine on the same segment, agreeing well with Tanaka's (1960) description.

Male: 6, habitus (dorsal); 7, P3.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 7 de figures morphologiquesissued from : C.-j. Shen & S.-o. Bai in Acta Zool. sin., 1956, 8 (2). [Pl.VII, Figs.55-56].
Female (from Chefoo); 55, habitus (dorsal); 56, P1.

Nota: The armatures of the endopods are similar in both sexes, but those of the exopods are different in some points (See infra Table)


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 8 de figures morphologiquesissued from : C.-j. Shen & S.-o. Bai in Acta Zool. sin., 1956, 8 (2). [p.226].
Table: Armature of P1 to P4.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 9 de figures morphologiquesissued from : J.M. Bradford in Mem. N. Z. Oceonogr. Inst., 1972, 54. [p.51, Fig.14, (4-6].
Female (from Kaikoura, New Zealand): 4, habitus (dorsal); 6, exopod of P2.

Male: 5, habitus (dorsal).
Scale bars: 0.1 mm (4, 5, 6).

Nota: One of the most common copepods in the Kaikoura plankton.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 10 de figures morphologiquesissued from : I. Rosendorn in Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Tiefsee-Exped. \\\"Valdiviella\\\", 1917, 23. [p.25, Fig.13].
Female: a, Md (mandibular palp).
Nota: Proportion of lengths (p.cent) Prosome : 56.41, Urosome : 43.59 . Relative lengths of urosomal segments and caudal rami: 5: 12: 5: 4: 5: 3.5. Setal formula of the exopod swimming legs P1 to P4 (Se = outer setae ; Si = inner setae), P1 : 1, 1, 2 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si ; P2 : 1, 0, 1 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si ; P3 : 1, 0, 1 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si ; P4 : 0, 0, 1 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si .

Male: b, forehead (lateral); c, Md (mandibular palp); d, P2; e, P3.
Nota: Proportion of total lengths (p.cent) Prosome : 64.18, Urosome : 35.82 . Relative lengths of urosomal segments and caudal rami: 7 : 17 : 9 : 8.5 : 6.5 : 7: 7. Setal formula of the exopod swimming legs P1 to P4 (Se = outer setae ; Si = inner setae), P1 : 1, 1, 2 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si ; P2 : 1, 1, 2 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si ; P3 : 1, 1, 2 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si ; P4 : 1, 1, 2 Se ; 0, 1, 5 Si .


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 11 de figures morphologiquesissued from : T. Mori in Zool. Mag. Tokyo, 1929, 41 (486-487). [Pl. VII, Fig.19].
Female (from Chosen Strait, Korea-Japan): 19, habitus (dorsal).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 12 de figures morphologiquesissued from : T. Mori in The Pelagic copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (1964). [Pl. 62, Figs.1-6].
Female: 1, Md; 2, P1; 3, P2; 4, habitus (dorsal); 5, P3; 6, P4.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 13 de figures morphologiquesissued from : T. Mori in The Pelagic copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (1964). [Pl. 62, Fig.12].
Female: 12, forehead (lateral).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 14 de figures morphologiquesissued from : T. Mori in The Pelagic copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (1964). [Pl. 62, Fig.8].
Male: 8, habitus (dorsal).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 15 de figures morphologiquesissued from : T. Mori in The Pelagic copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (1964). [Pl. 62, Figs.7, 9, 10, 11].
Male: 7, P1; 9, P2; 10, P3; 11, P4.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 16 de figures morphologiquesissued from : V.S. Shuvalov in Opred. Faune SSSR, Nauka, Leningrad, 1980, 125. [p.117, Fig.25].
Female: 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, prosome (dorsal); 3-4, forehead (lateral); 5, same (dorsal); 6, P1; 7, P2 (basipod , exopod); 8, P3; 9, urosome (dorsal); 10-13, anal segment and caudal rami; 14-16, prosome (dorsal).
Nota: 10, 11: from Atlantic Ocean; 12 from Arctic Ocean; 13: from Yellow Sea; 14: from Arctic Ocean; 15-16: from Atlantic ocean.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 17 de figures morphologiquesissued from : A. Skovgaard & N. Daugbjerg in Protist, 2008, 159. [p.403, Fig.1 A-C].
Living Paradinium spp.-infected copepods from the NW Mediterranean Sea.
A: P. poucheti (PaOi21) gonosphere attaced to the urosome of its host, Oithona similis.
B: same at higher magnification.
C: P. poucheti (PaOi01) gonosphere attached to the urosome of the copepod O. similis.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 18 de figures morphologiquesissued from : A. Skovgaard & N. Daugbjerg in Protist, 2008, 159. [p.403, Fig.2 A].
Paradinium poucheti gonosphere attached of its living host O. similis from the Godthabbsfjord, Greenland.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 19 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.44, Figs.5, 9].
Male: 5, habitus (lateral); 9, habitus (dorsal).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 20 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [taf.44, Fig.3].
Male: 3, A2 (over view).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 21 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.44, Fig.8].
Male: 8, urosome (ventral).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 22 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.44, Figs.10, 11].
Male: 10, P2; 11, P1.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 23 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 34, Figs.18, 19, 21].
Female: 18-19, forehead (lateral and dorsal, respectively); 21, urosome (dorsal).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 24 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 34, Figs.36-39].
Female: 36, exopodite of P1; 37, exopodite of P2; 38, exopodite of P3; 39, exopodite of P4.
Se = outer seta.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 25 de figures morphologiquesissued from : C. Razouls in Th. Doc. Etat Fac. Sc. Paris VI, 1972, Annexe. [Fig.61]. As Oithona helgolandica sensu Sars, 1913 (1918).
Female (from Banyuls, G. of Lion): A, forehead (dorsal view); B, Md; C, Mxp; D, Mx2; E, P3; F, P2; G, P4; H, P1.
Nota: anomaly on the basispodal segment 1 of P3 with 1 inner seta.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 26 de figures morphologiquesissued from : C. Razouls in Th. Doc. Etat Fac. Sc. Paris VI, 1972, Annexe. [Fig.62]. As Oithona helgolandica.
Male: A-B, A1; C, P4; D, P3; E, urosome; F, P1; G, P2.
Nota: anomaly on exopodal segment 3 of P1 missing 1 inner seta.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 27 de figures morphologiquesissued from : B.K. Sullivan, C.B. Miller, W.T. Peterson & A.H. Soeldner in Mar. Biol., 1975, 30. [p.181, Fig.6, C-D].
Oithona similis (from 50°N, 145°W) female: C-D, SEM of two Md;.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 28 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : S. Nishida, O. Tanaka & M. Omori in Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan, 1977, 24 (2). [p.150, Fig.21].
Female (from Sagami Bay and adjacent waters): a, habitus (dorsal), b, forehead (lateral); c, Md; d, Mx1; e, P1; f, P2; g, P3; h, P4.

Nota: Setae formula of exopod P1 to P4 (outer setae in first, inner setae in second). P1: 1,1,2; 0,1,4. P2: 1,0,1; 0,1,5. P3: 1,0,1; 0,1,5. P4: 0,0,1; 0,1,5.
Prosome length/urosome length = 1.21-1.40.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 29 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : S. Nishida, O. Tanaka & M. Omori in Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan, 1977, 24 (2). [p.150, Fig.22].
Female (from Sagami Bay and adjacent waters ): a, habitus (dorsal); b, forehead (lateral); c, Md.

Nota: Setae formula of exopod P1 to P4 (outer setae in first, inner setae in second). P1: 1,1,2; 0,1,4. P2: 1,1,2; 0,1,5. P3: 1,1,2; 0,1,5. P4: 1,1,2; 0,1,5.
Prosome length/urosome length = 1.73-1.90.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 30 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : O. Tanaka in Spec. Publs. Seto mar. biol. Lab., 10, 1960 [Pl. XXVII].
Female (from Indian Ocean and Antarctic): 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, P1; 3, exopod of P2; 4, P3; 5, P4; 6, habitus (dorsal; other specimen); 7, forehead (lateral); 8, P1.
Nota: Prosome and urosome proportional lengths 55 to 45.
Rostrum curved slightly posteriorly, not visible from the dorsal.
Urosomal segments and caudal rami in the proportional lengths 10 : 36 : 15 : 15 : 14; 10 = 100

Male (from Cape of Good Hope): habitus (lateral).
Nota: Prosome and urosome in the proportional lengths 63 to 37.
Urosomal segments and caudal rami in the proportional lengths 12 : 26 : 18 : 12 : 9 : 11 : 12 = 100.
The A1 has the knee-joint between the segments 11 and 12.

Remarks: The female varied in size from 0.71 to 1.05 mm, but no difference was found among them in general appearence and in the structure of the appendages. Farran (1929) reported that some Antarctic specimens had a rather broad and flattened cephalothorax, but their appendages agreed well with the typical type.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 31 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : O. Tanaka in Spec. Publs. Seto mar. biol. Lab., 10, 1960 [p. 63].
Female: Proportional lengths of segments of A1.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 32 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : O. Tanaka in Spec. Publs. Seto mar. biol. Lab., 10, 1960 [p. 63].
Female: Number of outer marginal spine and inner marginal seta of the exopodal segment of swimming legs P1 to P4.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 33 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : O. Tanaka in Spec. Publs. Seto mar. biol. Lab., 10, 1960 [p. 63].
Female: Number of Inner and outer marginal setae of endopodal segments of the swimming legs P1 to P4.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 34 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : O. Tanaka in Spec. Publs. Seto mar. biol. Lab., 10, 1960 [p. 64].
Male: Number of outer marginal spine on the exopodal segments of swimming legs P1 to P4.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 35 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : J.J. Jose, A. Chandran, L. Alex & A.P. Lipton in Not. Sci. Biol., 2014, 6 (1). [p.33, Tab. 2).
Setal formula of the exopod (outer and inner margins) and endopod of the four legs (P1 to P4) of female Oithona similis from SW India (Vizhinjam to Calicut)


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 36 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : A. Willey in Rep. Can. arct. Exped., 1920, VII: Crustacea, Part K: Marine Copepoda. [p.23 K]. Oithona similis (from off Bernard Harbour).
Relative lengths of the last thoracic segment, the abdominal segments and the furca (= caudal rami).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 37 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : K.-I. Yoo & D.-H. Lim in The Korean J. Syst. Zool., 1993, 9 (2) [p.97: key of female] in Korean Waters: Morphological characters of Oithona similis female :
1 - Anterior part of prosome rounded in dorsal view.
2 - Rostrum pointed ventrally.
3 - Length of A1 longer than that of prosome.
4 - Exopod 2nd segment of P1 with 1 spine.
5 - Exopod 3rd segment of P2 with 1 spine.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 38 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : G.D. Cepeda, M.E. Sabatini, C.L. Scioscia, Ramirez F.C. & M.D. Viñas in ZooKeys, 2016, 552. [p.5, Table I]
. Worldwide variation in the key characters commonly reported for the determination of O. similis/helgolandica.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 39 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : G.D. Cepeda, M.E. Sabatini, C.L. Scioscia, Ramirez F.C. & M.D. Viñas in ZooKeys, 2016, 552. [p.6, Table I, continued].
Worldwide variation in the key characters commonly reported for the determination of O. similis/helgolandica.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 40 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : G.D. Cepeda, M.E. Sabatini, C.L. Scioscia, Ramirez F.C. & M.D. Viñas in ZooKeys, 2016, 552. [p.7, Table I, continued].
Worldwide variation in the key characters commonly reported for the determination of O. similis/helgolandica.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 41 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : G.D. Cepeda, M.E. Sabatini, C.L. Scioscia, Ramirez F.C. & M.D. Viñas in ZooKeys, 2016, 552. [p.9, Fig.I].
Former selected drawings of O. similis/helgolandica.
A, B: O. spinifrons Boeck, 1864 (= ? O. helgolandica Claus), female body and ''one of swimming feet'' (= leg 4?) (after Brady, 1878, Plates XIV and XXIV A).
C-F: O. similis exopod of legs I to 4 (after Giesbrecht 1893 [1892] (Plate34).
C_J: O. helgolandica, female body, legs 1-2 and leg 4 (after Sars, 1913, Olate III).
K-O: O. similis, female body and legs I to 4 (after Nishida 1985, fig.50 and 51).
Original illustrations were faithfully copied in all details and arranged to facilitate comparisons. Scale bars only provided in Nishida (1985).


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 42 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : E. Chatton in Arch. Zool. Exp. & Gen., 1920, 59, [p.147, Fig.48].
Oithona similis female (from Banyuls) parasited by Blastodinium oviforme (Dinoflagellate), lonely triblastic form from dorsal and lateral views.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 43 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : E. Chatton in Arch. Zool. Exp. & Gen., 1920, 59, [p.129, Fig.33, 34].
Oithona similis female (from Banyuls) parasited by Blastodinium oviforme (Dinoflagellate): A, slender individuals in the copepod's gut ; B, parasite ovoid-like, lonely and monoblasic into the copepod's gut.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 44 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : C. Razouls in Ann. Inst. océanogr., Paris, 1994, 70 (1). [p.184]. Caractéristiques morphologiques de Oithona similis lato sensu, femelle et mâle adultes.
Terminologie et abbréviations: voir à Calanus propinquus.


Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Planche 45 de figures morphologiquesIssued from : A. Cornils & B. Wend-Heckmann in Helgol. Mar. Res., 2015, 69. [p.246, Table 1].
Oithona similis charcteristics in the semi-enclosed bight in the northern Germann Wadden Sea (North Sea)
Compare with O. nana, O. plumifera, O. atlantica and O. davisae in the North Sea.

Ref. compl.:
Vanhöffen, 1897 a (p.281); Mrazek, 1902 (p.517, 524); Cleve, 1904 a (p.193); Pearson, 1906 (p.32); Damas & Koefoed, 1907 (p.395, tab.II); Sars, 1909 b (p.39); Chatton, 1920 (p.17, parasites); Rose, 1925 (p.152); Wilson, 1932 (p.49); Hardy & Gunther, 1935 (1936) (p.189, Rem.); Fish, 1936 b (p.168, biology); Jespersen, 1939 (p.79, Rem., Table 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30); Bogorov, 1939 b (p.706); C.B. Wilson, 1942 a (p.196); Sewell, 1948 (p.345, 461, 487, 515); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.271); Fleury, 1950 (p.47, fig.2); Østvedt, 1955 (p.15: Table 3, p.17, 77); Yamazi, 1958 (p.153, Rem.); Minoda, 1958 (p.253, Table 1, 2, abundance); Deevey, 1960 (p.5, Table II, annual abundance, Rem.: fig.18, 19); H. Schulz, 1961 (p.57); Fagetti, 1962 (p.39); Grice & Hart, 1962 (p.287, table 4: abundance); Marshall & Orr, 1962 (tab.1, 3); Grice, 1962 a (p.101); Björnberg, 1963 (p.77, Rem.: Juv.); Lacroix & Bergeron, 1963 (p.59, Tableau III); Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.32); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.13); Dimov, 1964 b (p.33, Tableau 1); Carter, 1965 (Rem.: p.351); Shmeleva, 1965 b (p.1350, lengths-volume -weight relation); Marshall & Orr, 1966 (p.513, 521, fig. I, 2, Table 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, feeding, respiration); Faber, 1966 a (p.419, 421); Pavlova, 1966 (p.44); Harding, 1966 (p.17, 71); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution vs mixing Oyashio/Kuroshio region); Neto & Paiva, 1966 (p.29, Table III, annual cycle); Mazza, 1967 (p.356: Rem.); Pertsova, 1967 (p.240); Maclellan D.C., 1967 (p.101, 102: occurrence); Hargrave & Geen, 1968 (p.332, phosphorus excretion); Dimov, 1968 (p.506); Greze & al., 1968 (p.1066, annual variation); Zaika, 1968 (p.311, P/B quotient); Kovalev, 1968 a (p.441, fig.1); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.49, 50, 53, 63, 64, 243); Harder, 1968 (p156, Table 1, behaviour vs. density discontinuity); Salah, 1971 (p.320); Paulmier, 1971 (p.168); Martens, 1972 (p.30, fecal pellets); Björnberg, 1973 (p.357, 359: Rem., 388); Arndt & Heidecke, 1973 (p.599, 603, fig.3); Eriksson, 1973 (p.37, fig.26-29, annual cycle); 1973 b (p.113, 117); Frolander & al., 1973 (p.277, annual cycles); Hirota, 1974 (p.1, Table 3, fig.4, 5); Peterson & Miller, 1975 (p.642, 650, Table 3, interannual abundance); Anraku, 1975 (p.79, microdistribution); Hirota & Hara, 1975 (p.115, fig.5, 6); Kolosova, 1975 (p.92, fig.2, 3, Table 1); Conover & Mayzaud, 1975 (p.151, fig.5, abundance); Peterson & Miller, 1976 (p.14, Table 1, 2, 3, abundance vs interannual variations); Porumb, 1976 (p.91); Grindley, 1977 (p.341, Table 2, fig.2, 3, 4); Hanaoka, 1977 (p.267, 300, abundance); Sameoto, 1977 (p.1); Peterson & Miller, 1977 (p.717, Table 1, seasonal occurrence); McLaren, 1978 (p.1330, 1338: life history); Conover, 1978 (p.66, 69, feeding); Poulet, 1978 (p.1126, grazing); Hernroth, 1978 (p.1, Rem.: p.7); Mayzaud & Poulet, 1978 (p.1144, feeding); Knatz, 1978 (p.68, Table 1, fig.3, abundance, %); Peterson & al., 1979 (p.467, Table 1, Fig.11); Poulet & Marsot, 1980 (p.198, Fig.2, feeding); Kosobokova, 1980 (p.167, seasonal changes, vertical distribution, age composition); Fukuchi & Tanimura, 1981 (p.37); Gagnon & Lacroix, 1981 (p.401, Table 1, tidal effect); Hoshiai & Tanimura, 1981 (p.44); Mackas & Sefton, 1982 (p.1173, Table 1); Uye S-i., 1982 (p.149, relation length-weight-C-N); Buchanan & Sekerak, 1982 (p.41, Table 3: vertical distribution); Citarella, 1982 (p.791, 798: listing, frequency, fig.5, Tableau II, V); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.85); Gagnon & Lacroix, 1982 (p.9, fig.4); 1983 (p.289, Table III, tidal estuary); Huntley & al., 1983 (p.143, Table 2, 3); Maranda & Lacroix, 1983 (p.247, estuary); Nishiyama & Hirano, 1983 (p.159, Table 4: length-weight); Hernroth, 1983 (p.835,, Rem.: p.840); Hassel, 1983 (p. 1, fig.6, abundance, distribution); Turner & Dagg, 1983 (p.8, fig.11, 17, vertical distribution); Tremblay & Anderson, 1984 (p.7, Rem.); Drits & Semenova, 1984 (p.755, feeding); Sameoto, 1984 (p.213, Table 1, fig.9); 1984 a (p.767, vertical migration); Fransz & al., 1984 (p.86); Dussart, 1984 (p.25, 64: occurrence): Pieper & Holliday, 1984 (p.226, Fig.3); De Ladurantaye & al., 1984 (p.21, fig.5, advective processes in fjord); Hopkins, 1985 (p.197, Table 1, gut contents); Kimmerer & McKinnon, 1985 (p.150); Musayeva, 1985 (tab.1); Foster & Battaerd, 1985 (p.213); Kawamura & Hirano, 1985 (p.626, Table 1, horizontal distribution); Sameoto & al., 1986 (p.53); Groendahl & Hernroth, 1986 (tab.1); Kawaguchi & al., 1986 (tab.2); Mackas & Anderson, 1986 (p.115, Table 2); Harding & al., 1986 (p.952, Table 3, diel vertical movements); Mikhailovsky, 1986 (p.83, Table 1, ecological modelling); Zmijewska, 1987 (tab.2a); Ceccherelli & al., 1987 (p.571, fig.5); Hopkins & Torres, 1988 (tab.1); James & Wilkinson, 1988 (p.249, Table 1, 2, biomass, carbon ingestion); McLaren & al., 1989 (p.560, life history, annual production); Kosobokova, 1989 (p.27); Springer & al., 1989 (p.359, Fig.5, 10); Citarella, 1989 (p.123, abundance); Cervantes-Duarte & Hernandez-Trujillo, 1989 (tab.3); Coyle & al., 1990 (p.764); Peterson & al., 1990 (p.259, Table V, feeding); Tucker & Burton, 1990 (p.591, tab.1, fig.5, seasonal, spatial variations); Ohman, 1990 (p.257, fig.); Anderson J.T., 1990 (p.127, Rem.: p.131); Dai & al., 1991 (tab.1); Yoo, 1991 (tab.1); Fransz & al., 1991 (p.7 & suiv.); Eslake & al., 1991 (p.93, Table 2, temporal changes); Conover & Huntley, 1991 (p.1, Table 2, 3, 4, polar seas comparison); Huntley & Lopez, 1992 (p.201, Table A1, egg-adult weight, temperature-dependent production); Kimmerer, 1993 (tab.2); Hwang & Choi, 1993 (tab.3); Jiyalal Ram & Goswami, 1993 (p.129, tab.IV); Freire & al., 1993 (tab.3); Richter, 1994 (tab.4.1a); Vinogradov & al., 1994 (tab.1); Gonzalez & al., 1994 (p.331); Landry & al., 1994 (p.55, abundance, grazing); Godhantaraman, 1994 (tab.6); Myung & al., 1994 (tab.1); Sabatini & Kiørboe, 1994 (p.1329, egg production, growth, development); Hwang & Turner, 1995 (p.207, Table 1, 2, fig. 1, 2, 3: swimming behaviour); Ragosta & al., 1995 (Appendix A); Petryashov & al., 1995 (tab.1); Oliveira Dias, 1995 (p.147); Fransz & Gonzalez, 1995 (p.549, production); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.75); Krause & al., 1995 (p.81, Rem.: p.134); Metz, 1995 (p.190); 1996 (p.22, 87); Knox & al., 1996 (tab.1); Kotani & al., 1996 (tab.2); T.G. Nielsen & Sabatini, 1996 (p.79, abundance); Park & Choi, 1997 (p.225, Appendix); Cordell & al., 1997 (p.7, % change vs 1980-1997); Cordell, 1997 (On line pdf); Fransz & Gonzalez, 1997 (p.395, weight-length, biomass vs. N-S transect); Swadling & al., 1997 (p.39, Table 1, , figs. 6, 7, 8, grazing); Falkenhaug & al., 1997 (p.449, spatio-temporal pattern); Nakamura & Turner, 1997 (p.1275, nutrition, respiration, feeding vs. ciliates); Atkinson, 1998 (p.289, Table 1, biological data); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.80, 103); Elwers & Dahms, 1998 (p.150, 151, fig.1, 2, 3, seasonal abundance); Kosobokova & al., 1998 (tab.2); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.112); Sameoto & al., 1998 (p.1, Rem. p.7, spatial distribution); Schnack-Schiel & al., 1998 (p.173, abundance, sea ice); Harvey & al., 1999 (p.1, 49: Appendix 5, in ballast water vessel); Siokou-Frangou, 1999 (p.478); Dolganova & al., 1999 (p.13, tab.1); Goldblatt & al., 1999 (p.2619, Fig.5); Halvorsen & Tande, 1999 (p.279, figs.3, 6); Logerwell & Ohman, 1999 (p.428, tab.1); Voronina & Kolosova, 1999 (p.72); Bragina, 1999 (p.196); Abramova, 1999 (p.161, Table 2); B.W. Hansen & al., 1999 (p.233, seasonal abundance & biomass); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, tab. 5, Appendix); Ueda & al., 2000 (tab.1); DFO, 2000 (p.1, Rem.: p.4, fig.2, interannual variations); Pepin & Maillet, 2000 (p.1, Rem.: p.8, table 2, interannual variations); Escribano & Hidalgo, 2000 (p.283, tab.2); Kosobokova & Hirche, 2000 (p.2029, tab.2); Selifonova, 2000 (p.68, tab.1); Svensen & Hiørboe, 2000 (p.1155, prey detection vs. hydromechanical or chemical cues ); Musaeva & Suntsov, 2001 (p.511); Fortier M. & al., 2001 (p.1263, fig.6, 7, diel vertical migration); Van Hove & al., 2001 (p.303); Fransz & Gonzalez, 2001 (p.255, tab.1); Chiba & al., 2001 (p.95, tab.4, 7); Beaumont & al., 2001 (p.55); Hidalgo & Escribano, 2001 (p.159, tab.2); Hidalgo & Escribano, 2001 (p.157, fig.4); Li & al., 2001 (p.894, tab.1); Lischka & al., 2001 (p.186); Hunt & al., 2001 (p.374, tab.1); Beaumont & al., 2001 (p.55); Nielsen & al., 2002 (p.301, egg hatching rate); Cabal & al., 2002 (p.869, Table 1, abundance); Dubischar & al., 2002 (p.3871, abundance); Coyle & Pinchuk, 2002 (p.177, fig.2, 3, 4, Table 4, 5, annual variation); Bressan & Moro, 2002 (tab.2); Beaumont & al., 2002 (p.133, tab.1); Viñas & al., 2002 (p.1031); Auel & Hagen, 2002 (p.1013, tab.2, 3); Nielsen & al., 2002 (p.301); Greenwood & al., 2002 (p.17, Table 2); Ringuette & al., 2002 (p.5081, Table 1, Fig.7, population dynamic); Sameoto & al., 2002 (p.13); Peterson & al., 2002 (p.381, Table 2, interannual abundance); Ward & al., 2003 (p.121, tab.4); Peterson & Keister, 2003 (p.2499, interannual variability); Kosobokova & al., 2003 (p.697, tab.2); Ashjian & al., 2003 (p.1235, figs.); Kovalev, 2003 (p.47); Zagorodnyaya & al., 2003 (p.52); Vieira & al., 2003 (p.S163, Table 2, abundance); Karnovsky & al., 2003 (p.289, Appendix 1, 2 (as Oithona similus), auks relation/copepods); Hsieh & al., 2004 (p.398, tab.1, p.399, tab.2); Rezai & al., 2004 (p.490, tab.2, 3, abundance, Rem., p.495, tab.8); Chang & Fang, 2004 (p.456, tab.1); Shushkina & al., 2004 (p.524, tab.2); Zuenko & Nadtochii, 2004 (p.526, tab.1, fig.8); Gislason & Astthorsson, 2004 (p.472, tab.1); Wang & Zuo, 2004 (p.1, Table 2, dominance, origin); Hunt, 2004 (p.1, 43, 47, 74, Table 3.2, 4.4, fig.4.7, 4.11, Rem.: p.97, 100, fig.5.10: seasonal abundance); Vargas & Gonzalez, 2004 (p.151); Lo & al., 2004 (p.89, tab.1); Mackas & al., 2004 (p.875, Table 2); Eiane & Ohman, 2004 (p.183, stage-specific mortality); Hansen F.C. & al., 2004 (p.659, spatio-temporal distribution); Dmoch & Walczowski, 2005 (p.102 + poster); Dias & Bonecker, 2005 (p.100 + poster); Fuentes & Schanck-Schiel, 2005 (p.253); Mazzocchi & al., 2005 (p.155); Manning & Bucklin, 2005 (p.233, Table 1), fig.5); Lischka & Hagen, 2005 (p.910, life history); Bielecka & Zmijewska, 2005 (p.96); Choi & al., 2005 (p.710: Tab.III); Zamon & Welch, 2005 (p.133, fig.5); Calbet & al., 2005 (p.1195, tab.3); Castellani & al., 2005 (p.129, respiration rates vs temperature); Berasategui & al., 2005 (p.485, tab.1); Coyle, 2005 (p.77, tab.2,5); Hopcroft & al., 2005 (p.198, table 2); Mackas & al., 2005 (p.1011, tab.2, 3); Castellani & al., 2005 (p.173, feeding vs. egg production); Reigstad & al., 2005 (p.265, coprophagy); Berasategui & al., 2006 (p.485: fig.2); Zuo & al., 2006 (p.159, tab.1, 3, fig.9, spatial abundance, fig.8: stations group); Ware & McQueen, 2006 (p.28, Table B1, weight ranges); Blachowiak-Samolyk & al., 2006 (p.101, tab.1); Isari & al., 2006 (p.241, tab.II); Hunt & Hosie, 2006 (p.1182, seasonal succession, indicator); 2006 a (p.1203, tab.2, fig.8); Hwang & al., 2006 (p.943, tabl. I) ; Lopez-Ibarra & Palomares-Garcia, 2006 (p.63, Tabl. 1, seasonal abundance vs El-Niño, Rem.: p.70, ); Sterza & Fernades, 2006 (p.95, Table 1, occurence); Dias & Araujo, 2006 (p.73, Rem., chart); Zervoudaki & al., 2006 (p.149, Table I); Hop & al., 2006 (p.182, Table 4, 5: inter-annual variability, fig.14); Willis & al., 2006 (p.39, Table 2, advection vs changes in community structure); Tsujimoto & al., 2006 (p.140, Table1); Escribano, 2006 (p.20, Table 1); Hooff & Peterson, 2006 (p.2610); Papastephanou & al., 2006 (p.3078, Table 3); Deibel & Daly; 2007 (p.271, Table 1, 2, 3, 4, 6b, Rem.: Arctic polynyas); Kattner & al., 2007 (p.1628, Table 1); Albaina & Irigoien, 2007 (p.435: Tab.1); Elliott & Kaufmann, 2007 (p.418); Castellani & al., 2007 (p.1051); Schulz J. & al., 2007 (p.47, vertical zonation analysis); Fielding & al., 2007 (p.2106, tab.1); Walkusz & al., 2007 (p.43); Guglielmo & al., 2007 (p.747, Table 4, 5); Busatto, 2007 (p.26, Tab.2); Valdés & al., 2007 (p.104: tab.1); Biancalana & al., 2007 (p.83, Tab.2, 3); Blachowiak-Samolyk & al., 2007 (p.2716, Table 2); Lischka & Hagen, 2007 (p.443, lipids vs. diet); Lischka & al., 2007 (p.1331, digestive enzyme vs. seasonal); Iversen & Poulsen, 2007 (p.79, coprophagy, clearance, ingestion, coprorhexy); McKinnon & al., 2008 (p.843: Tab.1, p.848: Tab. IV); Isinibilir & al., 2008 (p.745: Tab.1, as similes); Lane & al., 2008 (p.97, fig.11, Tab.6); Ward & al., 2008 (p.241, Appendix II ); Ayon & al., 2008 (p.238, Table 4: Peruvian samples); Walkusz & al., 2008 (p.1, Table 3, abundance); Hirst & Ward, 2008 (p.169, mortality rate); Humphrey, 2008 (p.84: Appendix A); Morales-Ramirez & Suarez-Morales, 2008 (p.522); Coyle & al., 2008 (p.1775, Table 3, 5, fig.11, abundance); Blachowiak-Samolyk & al., 2008 (p.2210, Table 2, 3, 5, fig.4, biomass, composition vs climatic regimes); Tanimura & al., 2008 (p.561, vertical distribution, diel changes); Lopez Ibarra, 2008 (p.1, Table 1, 2, figs.11, 15: abundance); Fernandes, 2008 (p.465, Tabl.2); Selifonova & al., 2008 (p.305, Tabl. 2); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2008 (p.1056, Table 1, 4); Tseng L.-C. & al., 2008 (p.153, fig.5, Table 2, occurrence vs geographic distribution, indicator species); Lan Y.-C. & al., 2008 (p.61, Table 1, % vs stations); Ohtsuka & al., 2008 (p.115, Table 4, 5, in Japan Harbors); Raybaud & al., 2008 (p.1765, Table A1); Skovgaard & Daugbjerg, 2008 (p.401, fig.1 A-C, 2 A, parasited by Paradinium); Darnis & al., 2008, (p.994, Table1, fig.8, 9); Rossi, 2008 (p.90: Tableau XII); Perumal & al., 2008 (p.149, abundance vs hydrographic parameters); Chiba & al., 2009 (p.1846, Table 1, occurrence vs. temperature change); Hopcroft & al., 2009 (p.9, Table 3, Fig.22); Pagano, 2009 (p.116); Peterson, 2009 (p.73, Rem.: p 78); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Skovgaard & Salomonsen, 2009 (p.425, Table 2); Telesh & al., 2009 (p.18: Table 2.1); Lan & al., 2009 (p.1, Table 2); Escribano & al., 2009 (p.1083, Table 1, figs.6, 10); Zervoudaki & al., 2009 (p.1475, fig.2); DFO, 2009 (p.1, fig. 13, seasonal variability); Kosobokova & Hirche, 2009 (p.265, Table 4, biomass); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2009 (p.259, morphological variability vs. zones); 2009 a (p.11, Table 2, abundance); 2009 c (p.165, morphological variations); 2009 d (p.133, egg production vs. zonation); 2009 b (p.1433, life cycle); Narcy & al., 2009 (p.233, seasonal variability of lipid reserves); C.E. Morales & al., 2010 (p.158, Table 1); Hwang J.-S. & al., 2010 (p.220, Table 2, fig.3, 4, %, abundance); Vogedes & al., 2010 (p.1471, lipid sac area vs lipid content); Lidvanov & al., 2010 (p.356, Table 3); Takahashi & al., 2010 (p.317, Table 3, 4, figs.4, 5, 6, 7, 8); Drira & al., 2010 (p.145, Tanl.2); Drif & al., 2010 (p.159, abundance, Rem.: egg production); Pinkerton & al., 2010 (p.469, Fig.13); Hernandez-Trujillo & al., 2010 (p.913, Table 2); Hidalgo & al., 2010 (p.2089, fig.2, 4, Table 2, cluster analysis); Sun & al., 2010 (p.1006, Table 2); Hopcroft & al., 2010 (p.27, Table 1, 2); Dias & al., 2010 (p.230, Table 1, fig.7 a); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.428); W.-B. Chang & al., 2010 (p.735, Table 2, abundance); Bucklin & al., 2010 (p.40, Table 1, Biol mol.); Kosobokova & Hopcroft, 2010 (p.96, Table 1, fig.7); Bucklin & al., 2010 (p.40, Table 1, Biol mol.); Swadling & al., 2010 (p.887, Table 2, 3, A1, fig.6, abundance, indicator species); Kosobokova & Hopcroft, 2010 (p.96, Table 1, fig.7); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2010 (p.991, Table 2); 2011 a (p.1231, Table 2; abundance, biomass); Kosobokova & al., 2011 (p.29, Table 2, figs.4, 7, Rem.: Arctic Basins); Hirche & Kosobokova, 2011 (p.2359, Table 3, abundance, biomass %); Pomerleau & al., 2011 (p.1779, Table III, IV); Hsiao S.H. & al., 2011 (p.475, Appendix I); Maiphae & Sa-ardrit, 2011 (p.641, Table 2); Swadling & al., 2011 (p.118, Rem.: p.124); Magris & al., 2011 (p.260, abundance, interannual variability); Tseng L.-C. & al., 2011 (p.47, Table 2, occurrences vs. mesh sizes); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2011 (p.123, mortality rates vs. salinity); 2011 b (p.469, Table A, abundance, biomass); Yang & al., 2011 a (p.921, Table 2, inter-annual variation 1999-2006); Turner & al., 2011 (p.1066, Table II, abundance 1998-2008); Isari & al., 2011 (p.51, Table 2, abundance vs. distribution); Arendt, 2011 (p.1, Rem. p.23); Mazzocchi & al., 2011 (p.1163, Table I, II, long-term time-series 1984-2006); Pepin & al., 2011 (p.273, Table 2, seasonal abundance); Forest & al., 2011 (p.11418); 2012 (p.1301, figs.7, 8); Zervoudaki & al., 2011 (p.45, fig.3, abundance: Turkish Straits); Takahashi & al., 2011 (p.134, distribution); Beltrao & al., 2011 (p.47, Table 1, density vs. time); Pond & Ward, 2011 (p.105, diatoms role); Ward & al., 2012 (p.78, Table A1, B1, abundance, weight); Cepeda & al., 2012 (p.1, figs.1, 3, Table 1, Molecular systematic); Van Ginderdeuren & al., 2012 (p.3, Table 1); Postel, 2012 (p.327, Table 1, Fig.6); Shiganova & al., 2012 (p.61, fig.3, 4, 5); Glushko & Lidvanov, 2012 (p.138, Tableau 1); Uysal & Shmeleva, 2012 (p.909, Table I); Thompson G.A. & al., 2012 (p.127, Table 2, 3, 5, fig.4, 5, Rem.); DiBacco & al., 2012 (p.483, Table S1, ballast water transport); Jose & al., 2012 (p.20, fig.3 a,b,c: % vs. monsoon); Zizah & al., 2012 (p.79, Table I, Rem.: p.86, 89 as O. helgolandica); Rekik & al., 2012 (p.336, Table 1, abundance); Thompson G. & al., 2012 (p.367, fig.2, 3, Table 3, abundance vs mesh selectivity); Johan & al., 2012 (2013) (p.1, Table 1); Mazzocchi & al., 2012 (p.135, annual abundance 1984-2006); Zamora-Terol & Saiz, 2013 (p.376, Rem.: Table 3, egg production); Sigurdardottir, 2012 (p.1, Table 2.3); Aubry & al., 2012 (p.125, table 1, 3, fig. 6, 8a, b, interannual variation); Miloslavic & al., 2012 (p.165, Table 2, transect distribution); Schulz J. & al., 2012 (p.3, abundance vs. hydrography); Johnson C & al., 2012 (p.1, 15, fig. 23a, 23b, 24a, 24b, seasonal variability, interannual variarions); Stefanova & al., 2012 (p.403, Table 2, interannual abundance); Volkov, 2012 (p.474, Table 6, fig. 6, 11, abundance, distribution, interannual variation); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2012 (p.1321, Table 2, 3, 4, 5, abundance, biomass, production); Jean & al., 2012 (p.12, Table 3, protein vs environmental metal stress); Salah S. & al., 2012 (p.155, Tableau 1); Krsinic & Grbec, 2012 (p.57, 62: abundance); Huo & al., 2012 (p.1, Table 1: dominance); Demontigny & al., 2012 (p.221, Table II, fig.5, abundance, prey by ichthyoplankton); Dvoretsky V.G., 2012 (p.63, mortality rates vs environmental data); Bode & al., 2012 (p.108, spatial distribution vs time-series, % biomass); Tarling & al., 2012 (p.222, Table 3, seasonal biomass); Aguirre & al., 2012 (p.341, Table I: abundance vs season, figs.4, 67); Lee J. & al., 2012 (p.95, Table 2: abundance, annual & seasonal distribution); Jang M.-C. & al., 2012 (p.37, abundance and seasonal distribution); Hidalgo & al., 2012 (p.134, Table 2, 3, fig.5, 6: spatial distribution) ; Gusmao & al., 2013 (p.279, Table 3, 4, fig.1, sex-specific predation by fish, fig.4: seasonal variation of sex ratio); Gubanova & al., 2013 (in press, p.4, Table 2); Li C. &al., 2013 (p.101, feeding); Belmonte & al., 2013 (p.222, Table 2, abundance vs stations); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.); Tachibana & al., 2013 (p.545, Table 1, seasonal change 2006-2008); Questel & al., 2013 (p.23, Table 3, interannual abundance & biomass, 2008-2010); Varadharajan & Soundarapandian, 2013 (p.2: occurrence vs. stations); Siokou & al., 2013 (p.1313, fig.4, 8, biomass, vertical distribution); Ojima & al., 2013 (p.1293, Table 2, 3, 4, fig.3, abundance, Rem.); Jagadeesan & al., 2013 (p.27, Table 3, 5, 6, fig.11, seasonal variation); Zamora-Terol & al., 2013 (p.85, abundance); Anjusha & al., 2013 (p.40, Table 3, abundance & feeding behavior); Lee D.B. & al., 2013 (p.1215, Table 1, 2: abundance, composition); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2013 (p.203, Rem.: p.211, 212, morphometry); Kwasniewski & al., 2013 (p.83, Table 2, 3, abundance); Lidvanov & al., 2013 (p.290, Table 2, % composition); Terbiyik Kurt & Polat, 2013 (p.1163, Table 2, seasonal distribution); Wend-Heckmann, 2013 (p.1-171, molecular biology); Eisner & al., 2013 (p.87, Table 3: abundance vs water structure); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2013 a (p.205, Table 2, % abundance); Zamora Terol, 2013 (p.89, egg production, Table 2, 3, 4, fig.4, 5, temporal variation, vertical distribution, length vs. temperature, fecondity, feeding rates vs. diets); Zamora-Terol & Saiz, 2013 (p.376, feeding rates, egg production); Hwang & al., 2014 (p.43, Appendix A: seasonal abundance); Fernandez de Puelles & al., 2014 (p.82, Table 3, seasonal abundance); Ward & al., 2014 (p.305, Table 4, abundance in the ''Discovery'' Investigations in the 1930s); Bonecker & a., 2014 (p.445, Table II: frequency, horizontal & vertical distributions); Lopez-Ibarra & al., 2014 (p.453, fig.6, 8, Table 2, biogeographical affinity); Pansera & al., 2014 (p.221, Table 2, abundance); Mazzocchi & al., 2014 (p.64, Table 3, 4, 5, spatial & seasonal composition %) ; Pino-Pinuer & al., 2014 (p.83, Table 1, fig.3, 4, abundance variation vs time); Fierro Gonzalvez, 2014 (p.1, Tab. 3, 4, 5, occurrence, abundance); Castellani & al., 1915 (p.1, annual variations: 1984 - 2013); Dias & al., 2015 (p.483, Table 2, abundance, biomass, production, Table 4: % vs. season); Rojas-Herrera & al., 2016 (p.40, Table 2: temporal abundance); Smoot & Hopcroft, 2016 (p.1, fig.3, abundance vs water mass); Araujo & al., 2016 (p.1, Table 3, abundance, %) ; Zakaria & al., 2016 (p.1, Table 1, 3, 4); Ben Ltaief & al., 2017 (p.1, Table III, Summer relative abundance); Benedetti & al., 2016 (p.159, Table I, fig.1, functional characters); Hansen B.W. & al., 2017 (p.984, pH effects). Marques-Rojas & Zoppi de Roa, 2017 (p.495, Table 1); Benedetti & al., 2018 (p.1, Fig.2: ecological functional group); Coyle & al., 2014 (p.97, table 10, 11, 12); Castellani & al., 2016 (p.703, abundances: long-term series 1984-2013); Ohtsuka & Nishida, 2017 (p.565, 578, Table 22.1, Fig.: 22.3: outermost station-central station); El Arraj & al., 2017 (p.272, table 1, 2, spatial distribution); Madoui & al., 2017 (p.4467, Rem.); Dias & al., 2018 (p.1, Table 4: % vs. season); Hure M. & al., 2018 (p.1, Table 1: abundance, % composition, Table 2: correlations, Rem.: p.12); Palomares-Garcia & al., 2018 (p.178, Table 1: occurrence); Camatti & al., 2019 (p.1, fig.6, Table 3, 4, 5); Hirai & al., 2020 (p.1, Fig. 5: cluster analysis (OTU), spatial distribution).
NZ: 25

Carte de distribution de Oithona similis-Group par zones géographiques
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 4Issued from : S. Nishida in Bull. Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 1985, No 20. [p.129, Fig.78].
Indo-Pacific geographical distribution of Oithona similis. Dotted line: AC, Arctic Convergence; SC, Subtropical Convergence.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 5issued from : I. Rosendorn in Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Tiefsee-Exped. "Valdiviella", 1917, 23. [Taf. I].
The genus Oithona: Distribution of species sampled during the Deutsche Tiefsee Expedition 1898-99.
The size of symbols indicates the relative quantitty of the species.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 6issued from : A.A. Shmeleva in Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco, 1965, 65 (n°1351). [Table 6: 39]. Oithona similis (from South Adriatic).
Dimensions, volume and Weight wet. Means for 50-60 specimens. Volume and weight calculated by geometrical method. Assumed that the specific gravity of the Copepod body is equal to 1, then the volume will correspond to the weight.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 7issued from : P.S.B. Digby in J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 1950, 29. [p.406, Fig.7].
Life history of Oithona similis at station L (5 miles from Plymouth, English Channel).
A: abundance of copepodite stages; B: percentage distribution of stages; C: size-groups of adult females; D: suggested interpretation of generations (or cohorts) succession during the year (1947).
Correlate the size variations with the water temperature at station L4 (p.397, Fig.1).
The author deduces the succession of 5 generations.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 8issued from : P.S.B. Digby in J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 1950, 29. [p.397, Fig.1].
Temperature of the water at 1 and 30 m depth at station L4 (5 miles from Plymouth, English Channel) during 1947. x: surface readings from closer in-shore.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 9issued from : J.T. Turner & M.J. Dagg in Biol. Oceanogr., 1983, 3 (1). [p.10, Fig.4].
Vertical and inshore-offshore distributions of Oithona similis at pump stations on the Long Island (NW Atlantic) transect (40°31.8'-39°53.2' N, 72°23.6'-72°59.4' W)..
Station numbers are given on the top axis, and dark horizontal bars identify stations sampled at night.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 10issued from : J.T. Turner & M.J. Dagg in Biol. Oceanogr., 1983, 3 (1). [p.7, Fig.2].
Vertical temperature structure durnig the Long Island transect (40°31.8'-39°53.2' N, 72°23.6'-72°59.4' W; October 1978).
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 11issued from : J.T. Turner & M.J. Dagg in Biol. Oceanogr., 1983, 3 (1). [p.24, Fig.11].
vertical distribution of Oithona similis in relation to positions of the 15°C and 10°C water at the time of sampling during the Long Island time series (40°26'N, 72°18'W; October 1978).
Sampling times are given on the bottom axis, and dark horizontal bars identify periods of darkness.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 12issued from : G.A. Thompson, E. O. Dinofrio & V.A. Alder in Helgol. Mar. Res., 2012, 66. [p.134, Fig.4].
Density and biomass of Oithona similis (a, c) and nauplii (b, d) for summer 2000, 2001 and 2003.
Circle size is proportional to the absolute values of density and biomass.

Zooplankton samples and environmental data were collected at 56 oceanographic stations in Subantarctic and Antarctic waters of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (the Drake Passage and the Scotia Sea during three austral summers.

Oithona similis, together with small cyclopoids and nauplii, accounted for the largest percentage of the total number of copepods in the community and for the highest biomass value (63 % of total copepod biomass).
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 13issued from : J.R. Grindley in Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr., 42, 3 & 4. [p.353, Fig.4].
Distribution of Oithona similis from Saldanha Bay to Schrywershoek area (33°S, 18° E).
Compare this distribution with the species in the same site: Pseudodiaptomus hessei, Tortanus capensis, Paracartia longipatella.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 14issued from : S. Eriksson in Zoon, 1976, 4. [p.157, Fig.2].
Seasonal distribution of neritic copepod Oithona similis off Gothenburg (Göteborg), The Skattegatt. (Monthly means for adult specimens during 1968-1973; point : inshore, depth = 10 m; x: offshore, depth > 40 m.
The optimum temperature is 6 to 18°C. range.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 15issued from : S. Eriksson in Zoon, 1976, 4. [p.159, Fig.3, e].
Temperature occurrence of neritic copepod Oithona similis off Gothenburg (Göteborg), The Skattegatt.
.Surface salinity of the investigation area varies around 25 p.1000 and the deep water slinity around 34 p.1000. There is a temperature stratification with surface water warmer than 10°C from May to October with maximum of 20°C in August. The coldest period is January to March with surface temperatures of 1-2°C. The deep water ranges between 5 and 10°C.
The hauls were horizontal at 2, 20, and 40 m.
Limits subjectively regarded as the optimum temperature range: 6-18°C.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 16issued from : S. Eriksson in ZOON, 1973, 1. [p.60, Fig.29].
Size distribution of adult females of Calanus helgolandicus (offshore station H6:11°30' N, 57°40'.5 E, The Kattegatt) during 1968-70 in the main series.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 17issued from : S. Eriksson in Mar. Biol., 1974, 26. [p.320, Figs. 2-3]
Salinity and temperature curves for main series at offshore station H6 (11°30' N, 57°40'.5 E, The Kattegatt) from March 1968 to November 1970.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 18issued from : I.A. McLaren, M.J. Tremblay, C.J. Corkett & J.C. Roff in Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1989, 46. [p.574, Fig.12].
Annual cycle of Oithona similis on Emerald Bank (43°30'N, 63°00'W), 1979-80 (upper two panels) and Browns Bank (42°35'N, 65°50'W), 1984-1985 (lower panel).
Successive generations labelled Go, etc. For convenience, Nov. 1979 sample placed at end (after 1980) in uppermost panel, which is abundances as proportions of stages (AD: adults; adult males not distinguished). Middle and lower panels: size-frequencies of adult females as proportions.
The samples were obtained by vertical hauls from near bottom (usually 25 m) by Hensen-type nets (one of 0.250 mm mesh and the other of 0.064 mm mesh) on Emerald Bank and obtained by vertical hauls from near bottom (usually 70-80 m) by Hensen-type nets (one of 0.202 mm mesh and the other of 0.064 mm mesh) on Browns Bank.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 19issued from : I.A. McLaren, M.J. Tremblay, C.J. Corkett & J.C. Roff in Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1989, 46. [p.574, Fig.13].
Relative frequencies of stages of Oithona similis on Browns Bank (42°35'N, 65°50'W), 1979.
Adult males are clear portion of bar.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 20issued from : P. Martens in M.S. Inst. Meeresk. Christian-Albrechts Univ., 1972. [p.30].
Numbers of fecal pellets (n) by width classes (interval from 0.005 mm).
Nota: individuals in culture on Chaetoceros decipiens, C. socialis, Detonula cystifera, Skeletonema costatum and flagellates.
Mean size of fecal pellets: length = 36 ± 8 micrometers; width = 26 ± 5 micrometers. Volume male = 12915 µ3; female = 12387 µ3
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 21issued from : I.A. McLaren inJ. Fish. Res. Board Can., 1978, 35. [p.1339, Fig.8].
Life cycles of Oithona similis in Loch Striven (55°55'N, 05°10'W).
Relative abundance of C V as a percentage of all copepodids (lower panel); size and numbers per haul (including combined hauls from 60 m to 10 m and 10 to 0 m) of adult females (middle panel), and percentage of nauplii and copepodids above 10 m (from split hauls, taken from 60 to 10 m and 10 to 0 m) (upper panel).
Successive generations as infered from peaks in the C V cohorts and size changes designated as Go, G1, etc.
Data from Marshall (1949, tables IX and XVI).
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 22Issued from : R.J. Conover in Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 1978, 173. [p.69, Fig.54].
Regression between rate of ingestion (I) for Oithona similis from Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia (Canada) and particle concentration in the same environment.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 23Issued from : M. Anraku in Mar. Biol., 1975, 30. [p.82, Figs. 1, 2].
Distribution of hydrological factors and abundance of Oithona similis in Oshoro Bay (west Hokkaido, Japan), 30 August 1958, along vertical section from stations 1 to 5 (distance 650 m).

Nota: The plankton samples were collected by means of a plankton pump during the morning hours at the same time as the hydrological observations. Copepodids and adults were counted ans expressed as number of individuals per 20 l.
The distribution of copepods in a limited area seems to be related to the pattern of oceanographic conditions to some extent, but a pattern of contagious distribution is also apparent. See Barnes & Marshall (1951); Cassie (1959); Boyd (1973).
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 24Issued from : M. Anraku in Mar. Biol., 1975, 30. [p.84, Fig.5].
Microdistribution of Oithona similis in Oshoro Bay (west Hokkaido, Japan), 28 August 1958, ascertained by pump along vertical section from station 3.

Nota: After the author, it is clear that the results obtained in the present investigations indicate non-random distribution.
The distribution patterns indicated the presence of inhomogeneous distribution with small swarms and irregular layerings.
Large-scale patchiness of plankton has previously been recorded (see Hardy & Gunther, 1935; Rae & Rees, 1947). The results of the present investigation indicate thet the large-scale patch includes small patches of different sizes in both the horizontal and vertical planes.
Simultaneous measurements of certain physical, chemical, and biological parameters (as the the quantitative and qualitative food particles, the occurrence of predators) are necessary to approach an understanding of copepod microdistribution.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 25Issued from : K.M. Swadling, So. Kawaguchi & G.W. Hosie in Deep-Sea Research II, 2010, 57. [p.898, Fig.6 (continued)].
Distribution of indicator species Oithona similis from the BROKE-West survey (southwest Indian Ocean) during January-February 2006.
Sampling with a RMT1 net (mesh aperture: 315 µm), oblque tow from the surface to 200 m.
The survey area was located predominantly within the seasonal ice zone, and in the month prior to the survey there was considerable ice coverage over the western section but none over the east.

See map showing sampling sites in Calanus propinquus.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 26Issued from : V.G. Dvoretskii & A.G. Dvoretskii inRussian J. Mar. Biol., 2009, 35 (3). [p.261, Table 2].
Indices of morphological variability of Oithona similis (mean ±error of mean) in the White Sea.
Lc: Cephalothorax length; La: overall length of antennule

Sampled with a Juday net (mesh aperture: 168 µm) in June 2001. 1450 specimens examined in total.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 27Issued from : V.G. Dvoretskii & A.G. Dvoretskii inRussian J. Mar. Biol., 2009, 35 (3). [p.259, Table 1].
Hydrological characteristics of distinguished regions in the White Sea in June 2001.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 28Issued from : V.G. Dvoretskii & A.G. Dvoretskii inRussian J. Mar. Biol., 2009, 35 (3). [p.261, Table 3].
Correlation of morphological characteristics of Oithona similis with hydrological conditions in the White Sea.
Temperature and salinity throughout the water column. Correlation analysis: means compared with Mann-Whitney non-parametric test.

Nota: A tendency toward increasing the antennule length along the axix from cold areas with high salinity toward warmer regions with relatively low salinity is clearly noticeable. This is due to a decrease in water density, where temperature increases and salinity goes down.
The morphological variations have adaptative significance and are determined by environmental factors.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 29Issued from : A.F. Volkov in Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 2012, 38 (7). [p.483, Fig.6]
Dynamics in the biomass of Oithona similis in the eastern Bering Sea from 2003-2011 years.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 30Issued from : A.F. Volkov in Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 2012, 38 (7). [p.490, Fig.11]
Distribution of Oithona similis in the eastern Bering Sea in the fall. Biomass in mg/m3.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 31Issued from : Jan Schulz & coll. in Progr. Oceanogr., 2012, 107; [p.8, Fig.4 [modified]);
Seasonal patterns in the abundance of Acartia longiremis in the Bornholm Basin (central Baltic Sea) between March 2002 and May 2003. The scaling is normalised to one and vertical lines indicate sampling dates.
Sampling performed in stacked, 10m intervals from a few meters above the seafloor to the surface with a multinet (Hydro-bios, Kiel, 50 µm mesh size) on nine focus stations.

Compare with annual cycle in Acartia longiremis, Acartia bifilosa, Centropages hamatus, Temora longicornis and other forms.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 32Issued from : Jan Schulz & coll. in Progr. Oceanogr., 2012, 107; [p.6, Fig.2].
Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and oxygen in the central Bornholm Basin (Baltic Sea) at position 55.3016° N, 15.7966° E.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 33Issued from : C. Séret in Thesis 3ème Cycle, UPMC, Paris 6. 1979, Annexe. [p.53].
Geographical occurrences of Oithona similis in the Indian Ocean and Antarctic zone. [after publications from: Brady, 1883, 1918; Thompson, 1900; Wolfenden, 1908, 1911; With , 1915; Rosendorn, 1917; Farran, 1929; Sewell, 1929, 1947; Brady & Gunther, 1935; Steuer, 1929, 1392, 1933; Ommaney, 1936; Vervoort, 1957; Tanaka, 1960; Brodsky, 1964; Seno, 1966; Andrews, 1966; Grice & Hulsemann, 1967; Seno, 1966; Frost & Fleminger, 1968; Voronina, 1970; Zverva, 1972].

Nota: C. Séret notes the occurrence at stations 51°S, 65°E and 56°S, 70°E, with respectively numerous females at each station.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 34Issued from : P. Hidalgo, R. Escribano, M. Fuentes, E. Jorquera & O. Vergara in Progr. Oceanogr., 2012, 92-98. [p.140, Fig.5. Spatial distribution of a dominant copepod species (ind m3) found off central-southern Chile in summer 2009. Abundance are mean values in the upper 0-200 m layer.

Nota: The upwelling region of central-southern Chile is located at mid latitudes within the eastern boundary upwelling region of Chile and Peru.

See in remarks concerning the identification of this species.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 35Issued from : H. Bi, K.A. Rose & M.C. Benfield in Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 2011, 427. [p.157, Table 5].
Instantaneous mortality rates (individuals per day) from litterature.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 36Issued from : J.-S. Hwang, R. Kumar, H.-U. Dahms, L.-C. Tseng & Q.-C. Chen in Zool. Studies, 49 (2). [p.224, Fig.3).
Average abundances of six Oithona species recorded in the South China Sea from Mar. 2000 to Oct. 2002.
Sampling stations between 16-24° N, 114-120° E.

These forms need confirmation.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 37Issued from : C. Castellani, P. Licandro, E. Fileman, I. Di Capua & M.G. Mazzocchi in J. Plankton Res., 2016, 38 (3). [p.706, Fig. 1].
Oithona similis monthly mean abundance (Ind./m3) at (a) English Channel: L4 (50°15' N, 4°13' W) between 1988 and 2013 and at (b) Gulf of Naples: LTER-MC (40°48.5' N, 14°15' E) between 1984 and 2013.
Sampled with WP2, by vertical net hauls from the sea floor (±55 m) to surface near Plymouth and zooplankton samples collected by vertical tows in the upper 50 m with a Nansen net; mesh apertures of the two nets: 200 µm.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 38Issued from : C. Castellani, P. Licandro, E. Fileman, I. Di Capua & M.G. Mazzocchi in J. Plankton Res., 2016, 38 (3). [p.707, Table 1].
Summary of Oithona similis annual mean and absolute range (min-max) of abundance (Ind./m3) and relative contribution (%) to total copepods at Plymouth (L4) and Gulf of Naples (LTER-MC) between 1988 and 2013.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 39Issued from : C. Castellani, P. Licandro, E. Fileman, I. Di Capua & M.G. Mazzocchi in J. Plankton Res., 2016, 38 (3). [p.708, Fig. 2].
Monthly mean (±SE) temperature (SST, °C), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a, µg/l) and Oithona similis abundance (Ind./m3) measured at Plymouth (L4) and Gulf of Naples (LTER-MC) between 1988 and 2013.

Nota: For the authors, the abundance of O. similis at Plymouth was ± 10 times higher than in the Gulf of Naples, moreover this species had several peaks of abundance during the year at Plymouth but a single peak in spring in the Gulf of Naples. The two sites are characterized by similar chlorophyll a concentration, but different temperature.
The main mode of temporal variability in abundance was seasonal at both sites. The abundance was negatively correlated with sea temperature only in the Gulf of Naples, whereas it was positively correlated with Chl a at both sites. The authors conclude that the abundance of the species increases with prey availability up to 16°5 and that temperature > 20°C represents the main limiting factor for population persistence.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 40Issued from : S. Zamora Terol in Tesis Doc. Univ. Politèc. Catalunya, 2013 [p.82-83, Table 3].
Comparison of egg production and clutch sizes among different species of Oithona from field and lab studies.
b: egg per sac; d: maximum specific-egg production rate.

Also, see: Oithona attenuata, O. colcarva, O. davisae, O. nana, O. plumifera, O. setigera, O. aruensis, O. simplex.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 41Issued from : S. Zamora Terol in Tesis Doc. Univ. Politèc. Catalunya, 2013 [p.135, Fig. 7].
Feeding rates of Oithona similis adult females on ciliates.
(A) Clearance rate (F, ml female-1 d-1.
(B) Ingestion rate (IR, cells female-1 d-1.
(C) daily ration (DR, % body carbon ingested female-1 d-1.
Each point represents the mean value (± SE) of 3-4 replicates
Cil-C: ciliate concentration, either cells or carbon.
Asterisk (*) indicates a date not included in the fitted equations, because the presence of negative values;
Equations used see Oithona davisae.

Sampling in Nuuk, Godthabsfjord (64°07' N, 51°53' W) in February-March, and Disko Bay (69°15'N, 53°33' W). Zooplankton samples collected by vertical hauls using WP2 (4-5 µm mesh aperture).
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 42Issued from : G.A. Lopez-Ibarra, S. Hernandez-Trijillo, A. Bode & M.J. Zetina-Rejon in Cah. Biol. Mar., 2014, 55. [p.459, Fig.8].
Abundance recorded in the geographic zones with the highest canonical coefficient on the first two axes of the discriminant analysis.
See informations and figures in Pleuromamma robusta from the same authors.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 43Issued from : T. Zuo, R. Wang, Ya-qu. Chen, Sh-wu Gao & Ke. Wang in J. Mar. Syst., 2006, 59. [p.169, Fig.9B]. Oithona similis
Spatial of representative species abundance with isobaths shown in gray.
The circles are proportional in diameter to square root value of abundance.
Copepods collected vertically with plankton net (200 µm mesh aperture) from a depth near the bottom to the surface in autumn 2000 (18 October to 21 November).
Body length (mm): 0.75.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 44Issued from : C. Castellani, C. Robinson, T. Smith & R.S. Lanpitt in mar. Ecol/ Progr. Ser., 2005, 285. [p.131, Fig.2].
Oithona similis females from the English Channel (50°15'N, 04°13'W), between July and December 2003.
Weight-specific respiration rate (µl O2 mg C-1 d-1) versus temperature (T, °C) measured at in situ temperature (black circle) or after pre-conditioning at experimental temperature (empty circle).
Note logarithmic scaling.
The respiration rate of adult female was measured over the temperature range 4 to 25°C. The respiration rate changed exponentially with the temperature (ln O2-rate = - 3.59 + 0.114 T, r2 = 0.85, p < 0.001).
Over the temperature range examined, O. similis basic metabolic cost varied from a minimum of about 1.4 % body-C/day at 4°C to a maximum of 23 % body-C/day at 25°C, corresponding to an energy demand of about 3 % and 232 £% body-C/day respectively.
The Q10 = 3.1.
The respiration rate of O. similis from the study, is about 8 times lower than that of a calanoid of equivalent body weight estimated from published empirical metabolism-temperature data. For the authors, these differences in metabolic rates may account for the year-round persistence and higher abundances of Oithona spp. over calanoid, particularly in oceanic and oligotrophic environments where food resources may be limiting for calanoid copepods.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 45Issued from : C. Castellani, C. Robinson, T. Smith & R.S. Lanpitt in mar. Ecol/ Progr. Ser., 2005, 285. [p.132, Table 1].
Oithona spp. Summary of respiration rates (range) reported in the litterature in different regions.

Nota: << The respiration rate of O. similis changed exponentially with temperature (ln O2-rate = - 3.59 + 0.114 T. Q10 = 3.1. Over the temperature range examined, O. similis basic metabolic cost varied from a minimum of about 1.4% body-C/day at 4°C to a maximum of 23% body-C/day at 25°C, corresponding to an energy demand of about 3% and 32% body-C/day respectively (i.e. assuming a respiratory quotient of 0.8 [for protein metabolism] and assimilation efficiency of 0.7 respectively (Ikeda & Motoda, 1978).
The respiration rate of O. similis in the English Channel, Station L4 (50°15'N, 04°13'W) is about 8 times lower than that of a calanoid copepod equivalent body weight estimated from publisher empirical metabolism-temperature data.
For the authors, these differences in lmetabolic rates may account for the year-round persistence and higher abundances of Oithona spp. over calanoids, particularly in oceanic and oligotrophic regions where food ressources may be limiting.
Success of Oithona spp. is its ability to feed on a wider size range and diversity of prey (see in Lampitt, 1978; Uchima, 1988; Gonzalez & Smetacek, 1994; Roff & al., 1995; Lonsdale & al., 2000) rather than to real differences in the metabolic rates between Oithona spp. and calanoids (Sabatini & Kiørboe, 1994; Nielsen & Sabatini, 1996).
The lower respiration rate may reflect different physiological, behaviourial and ecological adaptations from those of calanoids to live in the pelagial. Oithona spp. are ambush and coprophagus feeders, mostly drifting passively without generating a feeding current (Svensen & Kiørboe, 2000; Paffdenhöfer & Mazzocchi, 2002). Thus, whereas calanoids spend on average 80% of their time swimming, Oithobna spp. copepodites only move 0.9% or less of the time (Paffenhöfer, 1993; Hwang & Turner, 1995; Paffenhöfer & Mazzocchi, 2002). However, energy is expended not only in swimming speed, but also in the movement of mouth-parts. Thus, the lower metabolic rates of Oithona spp. could also be attributable to the absence of a feeding current.
Also, their smaller size, transparency and reduced motion probably make Oithona spp. less conspicuous than calanoids to both tactile and visual predators (Paffenhöfer, 1993; Atkinson & Snyder, 1997). Eiane & Ohman (2004) have shown that Oithona similis suffers lower mortality rates than Calanus finmarchicus and Pseudocalanus elongatus. >>
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 46Issued from : J.-S. Hwang & J.T. Turner in P.S.Z.N. 1: Mar. Ecol., 1995, 16 (3). [p.209: Table 1, p.210: Table 2].
Table 1: Experimental protocol.
Table 2:Swimming versus non-swimming behaviour, and behavioural transitions per minute. Means (bold type), ranges, and standard deviations (SD). Number of repeated observations = 500.
Copepods collected in surface net from waters near Pitou (NE coast Taiwan: 25°N, 122°E) in daylight in July 1993.
Compare with Oithona nana, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta, Macrosetella gracilis and Undinula var. taiwanicus by the same authors.
Espèce Oithona similis-Group - Carte de distribution 47Issued from : J.-S. Hwang & J.T. Turner in P.S.Z.N. 1: Mar. Ecol., 1995, 16 (3). [p.211: Figs.1, 2].
Fig.1: A, Mean durations periods (seconds) of swimming versus non swimming behaviour by Oithona similis from north-east coast of Taiwan (near Pitou) in daylight in July 1993.
Fig.2: B, mean percentages of time allocated to swimming versus non-swimming behaviour by Oithona similis.
Loc:
Antarct. (Amundsen Sea, King George Is., Potter Cove, Peninsula, Croker Passage, Drake Passage, Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, Patagonian Shelf, SW Atlant., Syowa station, Indian, Lützow-Holm Bay, Davis station-Gardner Is., Fletcher Lake, Ellis fjord, Pacif. (SW, S, SE), Ross Sea, Prydz Bay, McMurdo Sound, Bellingshausen Sea), sub-Antarct. Beagle Channel, (N South Georgia, Atlant. (SW, SE), off W Prince Edward, Crozet Is., Indian, Kerguelen Is. Pacif. (SW, S, SE), South Africa (E), Saldanha Bay, S Benguela Current, off E Tristan da Cunha, Namibia, Angola (Baia Farta), Congo, off S St. Helena Is., off Trinidade Is., off Ascension Is., Cape Verde Is., off Morocco-Mauritania, Cap Ghir, Canary Is., off Madeira, Patagonia, Peninsula Valdés, off Rio de la Plata, Brazil (off Macaé, Sao Joao, Rio de Janeiro, Campos Basin, Vitoria Bay, Vitoria-Cabo de Sao Tomé, Mucuri estuary, Camamu), Barbados Is., G. of Mexico, Cuba, Bermuda, New York Bight, Delaware Bay, Buzzards Bay, Long Island, Chesapeake Bay, Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Gulf of Maine, Massachusetts Bay, Georges Bank, Bay of Fundy, Browns Bank, Emerald Bank, Halifax, off SE & SW Nova Scotia, Bras d'Or Lake, Morrison's Pond, Shédiac Bay, Northumberland Strait, Bedford Basin, Saguenay fjord, upper St. Lawrence estuary, G. of St. Lawrence, Bradelle Bank, off E Newfoundland (Flemish Cap), Labrador, Tassiarsuk fjord, Godthaab Fjord, W Greenland, Godthabsfjord, N Baffin Sea, Baffin Sea (Lancaster Sound, W Baffin Bay), Smith Sound, Greenland Sea, Fram Strait, Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Iceland, Faroe, Ireland, Lough Hyne, Norway Sea, Malangen fjord, Hardangerfjord, Akrefjord, Tromsø fjords, Nordvestbanken, White Sea, Barents Sea, Kola Bay, Franz Josef Land, Pechora Sea, Arct. (Ellesmere Is., Canadian abyssal plain, Nansen Basin, Amundsen Basin, Makarov Basin, off Alaska N, Barrow Srrait, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, off NW Alaska, Canada Basin, Kara Sea, Barents Sea, Lomonosov Ridge, Chupa Inlet, Laptev Sea), Bering Sea (slope and shelf), Karagin Bay, St. Lawrence Island, Anadyr Strait, Shpanberg Strait, North Sea, Gullmar Fjord, Elbe (estuaire), Bay of Kiel, Lübeck Bay, Gulf of Mecklenburger, Baltic Sea, Bornholm Basin, English Channel, Belon estuary, Arcachon Bay, off Bay of Biscay, S Bay of Biscay, Portugal, NW Spain, Mondego estuary, Galicia (coast), Ibero-moroccan Bay, off W Tangier, Medit. (M'Diq, Alboran Sea, Algiers, Gulf of Annaba, El Kala shelf, Castellon, Baleares, Banyuls, Thau Lagoon, Marseille, Toulon Harbour, Villefranche-s-Mer, Genoa, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, G. of Naples, Strait of Messina, Gulf of Taranto, Taranto Harbour, NW Tunisia, G. of Gabès, Sfax, Adriatic Sea, mouth of Po, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Thracian Sea, Marmara Sea, Black Sea, Sebastopol, Iskenderun Bay, Lebanon Basin, W Egyptian coast, Alexandria), Suez Canal, G. of Suez, Red Sea, Madagascar, Indian, India (Saurashtra coast, Mangalore coast, Pointcalimere-Manamelkudi, Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, Parangipettai coast), Bay of Bengal, Straits of Malacca, Indonesia-Malaysia, Sarawak: Bintulu coast, Philippines, China Seas (Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea), Xiamen Harbour), Taiwan Strait, off SW Taiwan,Taiwan (S, E, W, Kaohsiung Harbor, N: Mienhua Canyon, Pitou), Korea (E, S & W, Chunsu Bay), Korea Strait, Japan Sea, Japan (Honshu: Maizuru Bay, Tokyo Bay, Tanabe Bay, Yatsushiro-kai, Ariake Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Kyushu: Shijiki Bat, W Hokkaido), Pacif. NW & NE, Chukchi Sea, White Sea, Bering Sea, Aleutian Is., Beaufort Sea, Arch. New-Siberia, Alaska (Auke Bay), Station "P", British Columbia, Hecate Strait, Fjord system (Alice Arm & Hastings Arm), Portland Inlet, Vancouver Is., Dabob Bay, Friday Harbor, Oregon (coast, Yaquina Bay, off Newport), California, Mission Bay (San Francisco), Santa Monica Basin, Baja California (Bahia Magdalena, La Paz), Acapulco Bay, Tomales Bay, W Costa Rica, Clipperton Is., W & E Australia (North West Cape, Great Barrier, Brisbane River estuary, New South Wales, Melbourne), New Zealand (Kaikoura, Cape Farewell-Taranaki Bight, off Farewell Spit plume), Fidji Is., Ecuador, Peru, Chile (N-S, off Santiago, Concepcion), Strait of Magellan, Ushuaia.

The genetic and morphological differences show clearly that Oithona similis is not a truly cosmopolitan species, but a conglomerate of several cryptic species (see Wend-Heckmann, 2013).
N: 695 (??: see in remarks).
Lg.:
(25) F: 0,95-0,75; (31) F: 1,2-1,15; (34) F: 0,93-0,9; (35) F: 1,08-0,76; (36) F: 0,92-0,8; (45) F: 0,95-0,7; M: 0,7-0,6; (59) F: 0,96-0,69; M: 0,7-0,5; (66) F: 1,05-0,71; M: 0,82-0,75; (46) F: 0,8-0,73; M: 0,61-0,59; (104) F: 0,82; (109) F: 0,8-0,72; M: 0,63-0,5; (114) F: 1,02-0,8; M: 0,7; (116) F: 0,84; M: 0,65; (133) F: 0,9-0,7; M: 0,6-0,5; (141) F: 0,9-0,7; M: 0,6-0,5; (155) F: 0,84-0,69; M: 0,65-0,6; (190) F: 0,86; M: 0,78; (208) F: 0,8-0,7; M: 0,75-0,73; (246) F: 0,81-0,76; (254) F,M: 1; (334) F: 0,95-0,7; M: 0,7-0,5; (354) F: 0,75-0,68; (373) F: 0,99-0,68; M: 0,75-0,58; (432) F: 1-0,75; (449) F: 0,96-0,73; M: 0,7-0,59; (627) F: 0,96-0,68; (649) F: 0,78; M: 0,67; (796) F: 0,86-0,69; (880) F: 0,78; M: 0,6-0,7; (991) F: 0,68-0,96; M: 0,6-0,7; (1239) F: 0,65-0,86; (1302) F: 0,430-0,533; M: 0,428-0,493; (1232) F: 0,64-1; M: 0,6-0,7; {F: 0,44-1,20; M: 0,43-0,82}
Probably F = 0,44, and male = 0,43 belonging to another species that O. similis s.s.
Rem.: épi à bathypélagique.
Sampling depth (Antarct., sub-Antarct.) : 0-1000 m.
Bien que la répartition géographique de cette espèce apparaisse cosmopolite, la liste des auteurs montre des localisations préférentielles pour les eaux froides septentrionales et antarctiques, voire à une latitude comme Taiwan (cf. Hsieh & al., 2004 (p.398, tab.1 & fig.2).
Observé dans les ballasts des navires à San Francisco.

Remarque concernant Oithona helgolandica:
La description sommaire de Oithona helgolandica est faite à partir du mâle à Helgoland, la femelle n'ayant jamais été décrite sinon par synonymie avec O. similis Claus,1866. L'opinion émise par Sars (1918, p.207) semble bien fondée. Dans ces conditions les arguments développés par Crisafi (1959) ne sont pas retenus, et cette espèce est considérée comme douteuse ou synonyme de O. nana comme l'expriment Rosendorn (1917) et Sars (1918). Nishida & al., 1977 (p.151) cosidèrent cette forme comme douteuse. Ainsi les auteurs postérieurs à Claus (1863) qui citent cette forme se réfèrent le plus souvent à Oithona similis.
Pour Wend-Heckmann (2013) un examen de cette espèce, considérée comme cosmopolite, constitue en réalité un ensemble d'espèces cryptiques. Seule une analyse génétique des formes géographiques localisées permettra de clarifier le statut taxonomique de cette espèce.
Voir aussi les remarques en anglais
Dernière mise à jour : 28/10/2022

 Toute utilisation de ce site pour une publication sera mentionnée avec la référence suivante :

Razouls C., Desreumaux N., Kouwenberg J. et de Bovée F., 2005-2024. - Biodiversité des Copépodes planctoniques marins (morphologie, répartition géographique et données biologiques). Sorbonne Université, CNRS. Disponible sur http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr [Accédé le 21 novembre 2024]

© copyright 2005-2024 Sorbonne Université, CNRS

Webmaster
Mentions légales et informations nominatives
CNRS   Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur Mer - Laboratoire Arago
Sorbonne Université

 

Version française
English version

 

Rechercher

Sur le WEB du CNRS

 


Copépodes planctoniques marins

Copépodes planctoniques marins

 

Imprimer Contact Accueil Plan du site Accès restreint Retour Une du Labo Imprimer Contact Plan du site Crédits Téléchargez les Plug-Ins