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Calanoida ( Order ) |
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Arietelloidea ( Superfamily ) |
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| Augaptilidae Sars, 1905 ( Arietelloidea ) | | Ref.: | Sars, 1905 c (p.4); Gurney, 1931 a (p.84); Sewell, 1932 (p.312, Rev.); Rose, 1933 a (p.209); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.82, 359); Matthews, 1972 (p.4); Björnberg, 1972 (p.49, N); Andronov, 1974 a (p.1005); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.9); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.650); Razouls, 1982 (p.478); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.141, 145); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.248, spp. Key); Mauchline, 1988 (p.705: cuticular pores); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.460); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.727); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.882, 901, 903, 937, clé des G.); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.39, Def., Rem.); Matsuura & Nishida, 2000 (p.339, Rem.: button setae on Mx2 and Mxp); Ohtsuka & Huys, 2001 (p.461); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.13, 14; 49; 66: Def.; p.68: Genera Key); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.184); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.168, Genera Key); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.103, Table 1, Fig.2, 3, 4, Biol. mol, phylogeny)
Bradford-Grieve J.M., (2002 onwards). Key to calanoid copepod families. Version 1 : 2 oct 2002. http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/calanoida/index.htm  | | Rem.: | This family has been revised by Brodsky (1950) who adds the new genus Neoaugaptilus. Matthews (1972) takes up the history of this family and includes the genus Disco of Grice et Hulsemann (1965) which will constitute later the type of a new family (Discoidae).
Following Sewell (1932, 1947) and Vervoort (1965), Matthews reconsiders the problem of possible and desired groups within the genus Euaugaptilus by a numerical analysis. The similarity coefficients obtained from 35 characters and their classification by an analysis in principal coordinates permits the author to define two species groups: 'E. affinis' and 'E. squamatus', and to specify the specific affinities that can lead to a synonymy as for E. marginatus and E. longiantennalis. Likewise, it is suggested that the genus Neoaugaptilus should not be maintained. Tanaka and Omori (1974) have used the same procedure for the species sampled in the Japanese waters and consider 21 characters.
9 ou 10 G.: Alrhabdus (?), Augaptilina, Augaptilus, Centraugaptilus, Euaugaptilus, Haloptilus, Heteroptilus, Pontoptilus, Pseudaugaptilus, Pseudhaloptilus. Neoaugaptilus is synonymous with Euaugaptilus (in Matthews,1972, p.63) and Disco constitutes the type of the family of the Discoidae (in Gordeeva,1975, p.189).
Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.942) and Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.42) consider the genus Pseudhaloptilus as a synonym of Pachyptilus.
Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.68) referring to a work of Soh (1998, unpublished) consider that Pachyptilus is a junior synonym of Pseudhaloptilus. They incorporate the genus Alrhabdus (Heterorhabdidae) as incertae sedis among the Augaptilidae until the male is known. | | | | (0) Alrhabdus Grice, 1973 (? Augaptilidae ) | |
| | Ref.: | Grice, 1973 (p.943, 946); Razouls, 1982 (p.476); 1993 (p.307); Mauchline, 1998 (p.70); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.71, Déf.); Park, 2000 (p.1, 8, 141); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.68, Rem.) | | Rem.: | Grice (1973, p.946) placed the genus among the Heterorhabdidae, until a male is found. Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.68) placed the genus in Augaptilidae, as incertae sedis.
1 sp.: | | | | (1) Augaptilina Sars, 1920 | |
| | Ref.: | Sars, 1920 c (p.17); 1925 (p.308); Rose, 1933 a (p.234); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.84); Matthews, 1972 (p.4); Razouls, 1982 (p.516); Mauchline, 1988 (p.704); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Mauchline, 1998 (p.66); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.42, Déf.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.70); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.169) | | Rem.: | 1 sp.: | | | | (2) Augaptilus Giesbrecht, 1889 | |
| | Syn.: | Hemicalanus (part.) Claus, 1863 (p.176); Sars, 1900 (p.94) | | Ref.: | Giesbrecht, 1892 (part., p.65, 400); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.120, clé spp.); Sars, 1900 (p.87); Esterly, 1905 (p.187); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.131, clé spp.); Farran, 1908 b (p.71); A. Scott, 1909 (p.135); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.332); Sars, 1920 c (p.12, Rem.); 1925 (p.254); Farran, 1926 (p.288); Sewell, 1932 (p.313, 325); Wilson, 1932 a (p.135); Rose, 1933 a (p.215, clé spp.); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.366, clé spp.); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.74); Matthews, 1972 (p.3, 4, 45, tab.5); Razouls, 1982 (p.485); Mauchline, 1988 (p.702); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.727); Mauchline, 1998 (p.71: F; p.74: M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.939: clé spp.); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.42, Déf.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.70); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.169, spp. key) | | Rem.: | type : Augaptilus longicaudatus (Claus,1863). 7 spp. (of which 1 doubtful): | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean size of the females is 4,528 mm (n= 7; S= 1,112; Cv= 0,246) and 4,011 mm of the males (n= 4; S= 0,647; Cv= 0,161). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,948 ou 94,8 % (n= 4; S= 0,117; Cv= 0,123). | | | Remark : The following species were originally included in the genus Augaptilus :
A. angustus Sars,1905 ( Cf. Euaugaptilus angustus ); A. antarcticus Wolfenden, 1911 (Cf. Euaugaptilus laticeps ); A. brevicaudatus Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus squamatus ); A. bullifer Giesbrecht,1889 (Cf. Euaugaptilus bullifer ); A. californicus Esterly,1913 (Cf. Euaugaptilus squamatus ); A. clavatus Sars,1907 (Cf. Euaugaptilus clavatus ); A. cucullatus Sars,1905 (Cf. Centraugaptilus cucullatus ); A. depressus Esterly,1913 (Cf. Euaugaptilus filigerus ); A. elongatus Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus elongatus ); A. facilis Farran,1908 (Cf. Euaugaptilus facilis ); Augaptilus fungiferus Steuer,1904 (F) [Ref.: Steuer,1904 (p.597,Descr.F); Wolfenden,1911 (p.336,figs.F); Matthews,1972 (p.35, Rem .)](Cf. Euaugaptilus magnus ); A. gibbus Wolfenden, 1904 (Cf. Euaugaptilus gibbus (Wolfenden, 1904); Augaptilus gibbus Sars,1905 [Ref.: Sars,1905 c (p.16,Rem.F);1907 a (p.3); Matthews,1972 (p.31)](Cf. Euaugaptilus gibbus (Wolfenden,1904)); A. gracilis Sars,1905 ( Cf. Euaugaptilus gracilis ); A. hecticus Giesbrecht,1889 (Cf. Euaugaptilus hecticus ); A. horridus Farran,1908 (F) (Cf. Centraugaptilus horridus ); A. laticeps Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus laticeps ); A. latifrons Sars, 1907 (Cf. Euaugaptilus latifrons ); A. longicirrhus Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus longicirrhus ); A. longimanus Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus longimanus ); A. lucidus Esterly, 1911 (Cf. Centraugaptilus lucidus ); A. macrodus Esterly, 1911(Cf. Centraugaptilus rattrayi ); A. magnus Wolfenden,1904 (Cf. Euaugaptilus magnus ); A. mixtus Sars,1907 (Cf. Euaugaptilus mixtus ); A. nodifrons Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus nodifrons ); A. oblongus Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus oblongus ); A. palumbii Giesbrecht,1889 (Cf. Euaugaptilus palumboi ); A. placitus A. Scott,1909 (Cf. Euaugaptilus laticeps ); A. pyramidalis Esterly,1911 (Cf. Centraugaptilus horridus ); A. rattrayi T. Scott,1894 (Cf. Centraugaptilus rattrayi ); A. romanus Esterly, 1913 (Cf. Euaugaptilus filigerus ); A. rostratus Esterly,1906 (Cf. Euaugaptilus oblongus ); A. similis Farran,1908 (Cf. Euaugaptilus similis ); A. simplex Wolfenden,1911 (Cf. Euaugaptilus nodifrons ); Augaptilus simplex Esterly,1913 (Cf. Euaugaptilus nodifrons ); A. squamatus Giesbrecht,1889 (Cf. Euaugaptilus squamatus ); A. subfiligerus Wolfenden,1911 (Cf. Euaugaptilus oblongus ); A. tenuicaudis Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus tenuicaudis ); A. tenuispinus Sars,1920 (Cf. Euaugaptilus tenuispinus ); A. truncatus Sars,1905 (Cf. Euaugaptilus truncatus ); A. validus A. Scott,1909 (Cf. Euaugaptilus validus ); A. zetesios Wolfenden,1902 (Cf. Augaptilus glacialis ) | | | | (3) Centraugaptilus Sars, 1920 | |
| | Ref.: | Sars, 1920 c (p.17);1925 (p.304); Sewell, 1932 (313, 326); Rose, 1933 a (p.232); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.386, clé spp.); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.80, 81); Matthews, 1972 (p.4, 56); Razouls, 1982 (p.514); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.383); Mauchline, 1988 (p.704); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.727); Mauchline, 1998 (p.71: F; p.74: M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.938, 939: clé spp.); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.42, Déf.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.70); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.178, spp. key) | | Rem.: | type: Centraugaptilus rattrayi . 6 spp.: | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean size of the females is 6,760 mm (n= 4; S= 1,177; Cv= 0,174) and of the males 6,204 mm (n= 4; S= 1,501; Cv= 0,242). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,969 or 96,9 % (n= 3; S= 0,087; Cv= 0,090) | | | | (4) Euaugaptilus Sars, 1920 | |
| | Syn.: | Neogaptilus Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.360, 385); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.74); Matthews, 1972 (p.4, 63, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.514); 1993 (p.306) | | Ref.: | &Sars, 1920 c (p.13); 1925 (p.260, Rem.); Farran, 1926 (p.288); Sewell, 1932 (p.313, 316, Rem.); 1947 (p.196, 198, 206, 222, 231, Rev.); Rose, 1933 a (p.220, clé spp.); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.373, clé spp.); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.45); Vervoort, 1965 (p.133, Rem.); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.83, clé spp.); Matthews, 1972 (p.3,4, Rev., tab.5); Tanaka Omori, 1974 (p.193, Rev., clé spp.); Roe, 1975 (p.346); Razouls, 1982 (p.495); Boxshall, 1986 (p.158); Mauchline, 1988 (p.702); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.56, 316, 318); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Park, 1993 (p.2, Rem., key of spp.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.727); Mauchline, 1998 (p.71, 76: F; p.73, 74, 76: M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.938, 939: clé spp.); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.46, Déf.); Matsuura & Nishida, 2000 (p.339, Rem.: button setae on Mx2 and Mxp); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.70); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.182, spp. key); Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2004 (p.54: Rem.) | | Rem.: | Bradford-Grieve (1999 b) follows the position of Matthews (1972, p.63) concerning the synonymy of Neogaptilus. This genus is essentially bathypelagic. 72 spp. + 1 unidentified.
Twenty-five characters used in the calculation of similarity coefficients have been tested by Matthews (1972) to discover which could be used in the diagnoses of the two groups. Since the sequence of species is associated with a tendency towards simplification of the structure and setation of the head appendages, a tendency which appears to have been followed along several different pathways, no single character was sufficient to define the groups. Several species, moreover, show affinities with both groups, so any definition must to some extent be arbitrary in its placing of the division between the groups. For this reason the groups have not been given generic or subgeneric rank.It is possible to classify the species based on the structure of Mx1 in 2 groups: ''affinis''' and ''qsquamatus Groups:
1 - "affinis'' Group:
Mx1 reduced with rarely an endopodite and 3rd endite (lobe) generally bears no setae ; in no case are an endopodite and a setose 3rd endite present together. The toyal number of setae and spines never exceeds 22, an dis usually considerably less.
The cup-shaped appendages on certain setae of Mx2 and Mxp almost always well developed.
2 - ''squamatus'' Group:
Mx1 endopodite often present. Generally the appendage with a total setae and spines 24 and 40.
The cup-shaped appendages on certain setae on Mx2 and Mxp often poorly developed or even absent.
E. angustus, E. grandicornis, E. rectus lack both endopodite in Mx1 and any setae on the 3rd endite, but in all three there are at least 26 setae and spines on the whole appendage.
E. marginatus, E. oblongus have only 21 and 23 setae and spines, respectively, on Mx1.
| | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 5,261 mm (n= 69; S= 2,193; Cv= 0,417) and the mean male size is 5,190 mm (n= 29; S= 1,958; Cv= 0,377). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,919 or 91,9 % (n= 27; S= 0,097; Cv= 0,106) | | | | (5) Haloptilus Giesbrecht, 1898 | |
| | Syn.: | Hemicalanus (part.) Claus, 1863 (p.176); Brady, 1883 (p.43); Giesbrecht, 1889, 1892 (p.65, 384); Sars, 1900 (p.94) | | Ref.: | Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.117, clé spp.); Sars, 1902 (1903) (p.120); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.127); A. Scott, 1909 (p.140); Sewell, 1932 (p.328); Rose, 1933 a (p.209, clé spp.); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.74, clé spp.); Sewell, 1947 (p.189); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.361, key spp.); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.39); Björnberg, 1972 (p.51, N); Matthews, 1972 (p.4, 47, tab.5); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.653); Razouls, 1982 (p.478); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.387); Mauchline, 1988 (p.702); Park, 1988 (p.2, Redéf., key of Antactic spp. F, 3 groups); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.249, Rem.); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.53); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.728); Mauchline, 1998 (p.71: F; p.74: M); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.938, 941: clé spp.); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.58, Déf.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.68); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.234, spp. key) | | Rem.: | sp. type: Hemicalanus plumosus. 26 (of which 2 doubtful) + 2 unidentified.
Park (1988, p.2) divides the genus into 3 groups based on the numbers of teeth on the mandibular cutting edge, the number of endopodal segments on Mx1 and the number of setae of Mx1 and Mx2. 1- Primitive group represented by H. fons, H. angusticeps, H. caribbeanensis, H. furcatus, H. major. 2- Specialized group: H. acutifrons, H. longicirrus, H. longicornis, H. mucronatus, H. H. ocellatus, H. ornatus, H. oxycephalus, H. paralongicirrus, H. plumosus, H. pseudooxycephalus, H. spiniceps, H. tenuis. 3- Neither obviously primitive nor fully specialized with regard to these characters: H. austini, H. chierchiae, H. validus. | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 4,435 mm (n= 22; S= 1,510; Cv= 0,340) and the mean male size is 2,849 (n= 12; S= 0,790; Cv= 0,277). The size ratio (M/F) is 0,718 or 71,8 % (n= 11; S= 0,132; Cv= 0,184) | | | | (6) Heteroptilus Sars, 1920 | |
| | Syn.: | Pontoptilus (part.) Sars, 1905 c (p.18) | | Ref.: | Sars, 1920 c (p.19);1925 (p.324); Rose, 1933 a (p.327); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.39, 360, Rem.); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.91); Matthews, 1972 (p.4); Razouls, 1982 (p.519); Mauchline, 1988 (p.705); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Mauchline, 1998 (p.71, 76, 76: F; p.74, 76: M); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.66, Déf.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.70); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.256, spp. key) | | Rem.: | sp. type: Pontoptilus attenuatus. 2 spp. + 1 unidentified. : | | | | Neoaugaptilus Brodsky, 1950 | |
| | Ref.: | Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.360, 385); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.74); Matthews, 1972 (p.4, 63, Rem.); Razouls, 1982 (p.514); 1993 (p.306); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.46, Rem.: 47) | | Rem.: | type: Neoaugaptilus distinctus. Cf. Euaugaptilus | | | | | Ref.: | Pachyptilus Sars, 1920 c (p.18); 1925 (p.318); Wilson, 1932 a (p.545); Rose, 1933 a (p.236); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.361, 392); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.86); Bradford, 1972 (p.14); Matthews, 1972 (p.12); Razouls, 1982 (p.518); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.391); Mauchline, 1988 (p.704); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.729); Mauchline, 1998 (p.71, 76: F); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.938, 942: clé spp.); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.67, déf.) | | Rem.: | Cf. Pseudhaloptilus (this genus is considered questionable by Bradford-Grieve et al., 1999, p. 942, but admitted by Boxshall & Halsey, 2004, p.68 who consider Pachyptilus to be a junior synonym). | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 5,395 mm (n= 4; S= 0,308; Cv= 0,057). The only known male has a length of 4,600 mm. The ratio of length (M/F) established for a single species is 0,817 or 81,7 %. | | | | (7) Pontoptilus Sars, 1905 | |
| | Ref.: | (part.) Sars, 1905 c (p.18); 1925 (p.312, Rev.); Sewell, 1932 (p.329); Rose, 1933 a (p.235); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.86); Matthews, 1972 (p.4); Razouls, 1982 (p.516); Mauchline, 1988 (p.704); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Mauchline, 1998 (p.70: F; p.74: M); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.668, Déf.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.70); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.265, spp. key) | | Rem.: | 6 spp.: | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 6,045 mm (n= 6; S= 1,609; Cv= 0,266). The only known male is 6.8 mm long. The size ratio (M/F) for a single species is 0,799 or 79,9%. | | | | (8) Pseudaugaptilus Sars, 1907 | |
| | Ref.: | Sars, 1907 a (p.24); 1925 (p.310); Rose, 1933 a (p.235); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.361, 390); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.84); Matthews, 1972 (p.3, 4, 55, tab.5); Razouls, 1982 (p.520); 1993 (p.306); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.729); Mauchline, 1998 (p.71: F; p.74: M); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.68, Déf.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.70); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.264) | | Rem.: | type: Isochaeta longisetosus. 3 spp. (of which 1 doubtful): | | Remarks on dimensions and sex ratio: | | The mean female size is 4,695 mm (n= 3; S= 1,129; Cv= 0,240). | | | | (9) Pseudhaloptilus Wolfenden, 1911 | |
| | Syn.: | Pachyptilus Sars, 1920 c (p.18); 1925 (p.318); Wilson, 1932 a (p.545); Rose, 1933 a (p.236); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.361, 392); Tanaka, 1964 b (p.86); Bradford, 1972 (p.14); Matthews, 1972 (p.12); Razouls, 1982 (p.518); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.391); Mauchline, 1988 (p.704); Razouls, 1993 (p.306); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.729); Mauchline, 1998 (p.73, 76: F); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.938, 942: clé spp., Rem.: genre discutable); Bradford-Grieve,1999 b (p.67, déf.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.259, spp. key) | | Ref.: | Wolfenden, 1911 (p.325); Wilson, 1932 a (p.545); Matthews, 1972 (p.4); Razouls, 1982 (p.485); 1993 (p.306); Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.68: Rem; p.70) | | Rem.: | 5 spp.: | | |
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 Any use of this site for a publication will be mentioned with the following reference :
Razouls C., de Bovée F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2012. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
[Accessed May 26, 2013] © copyright 2005-2012 CNRS, UPMC
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