Calanoida Order - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Calanoida Sars, 1902 ( Neocopepoda, Gymnoplea ) ( Classification and Phylogeny

)

Syn.:

Gymnoplea Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.41); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.6, 7); Sars, 1901 a (1903) (p.2); Esterly, 1905 (p.113); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.5); Rose, 1933 a (p.17); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.8); Kabata, 1979 (p.47, 49); Dudley, 1986 (p.10); Staborogatov, 1986 (p.1778); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.316, 403, 419)

Ref.:

Sars, 1902 (p.4); Gurney, 1931 a (p.82); Wilson, 1932 a (p.18, 540, clé G.); Rose, 1933 a (p.17); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.79); Andronov, 1974 a (p.1002 & suiv.); Kabata, 1979 (p.48, 49); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.9); Marcotte, 1982 (p.188); 1986 (p.187); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.85,139); Dudley, 1986 (p.7); Park,1986 (p.191); Boxshall, 1986 (p.204); Björnberg, 1986 (p.53, 232, Rem.N); Mauchline, 1988 (p.698); J.-S. Ho, 1990 (p.528); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.48, 403, 406, 418, 419, Rem.); Mauchline, 1998 (p.51); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.891, 901, clé des Fam.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.3; 37; 49; 12: clé des familles; p.38: clé des Super-familles); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.138, clé des Fam.)

Rem.:

Andronov (1974 a) established 9 Superfamilies including the Platycopioidea. Park (1986) estimates that the Spinocalanidae and the Epacteriscidae should be erected to the rank of superfamily. The Platycopiidae being isolated in a different Order, we count 10 superfamilies of which certain have changed denomination for the reason of priority rule (Andronov, 1991, p.133): Arietelloidea [= Augaptiloidea (part.)], Bathypontioidea , Calanoidea [= Megacalanoidea], Clausocalanoidea [= Pseudocalanoidea (part.)], Diaptomoidea [= Centropagoidea], Epacteriscoidea , Eucalanoidea , Pseudocyclopoidea , Ryocalanoidea , Spinocalanoidea.
Fosshagen & Iliffe, 2004 a (p.353) and Boxshall & Hasley (2004) do not recognize the superfamily of the Fosshagenioidea. These superfamilies are defined in Boxshall & Hasley (2004, p.38).
Ferrari & Ueda (2005, p.333) following the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1985) restore the precedence of the Centropagoidea , just as the structure of the urosome of the female copepodite 5 in Fosshagenia ferrarii excludes this form from the Centropagidea and should restore the superfamily of the Fosshagenoidea .

42 pelagic or brackish water families (the Calocalanidae and the Mecynoceridae are integrated with the Paracalanidae) are defined by Boxshall & Hasley (2004), being by alphabetical order:
1 - Acartiidae, 2 - Aetideidae, 3 - Arctokonstantinidae, 4 - Arietellidae, 5 - Augaptilidae, 6 - Bathypontiidae, 7 - Boholinidae, 8 - Calanidae, 9 - Candaciidae, 10 - Centropagidae, 11 - Clausocalanidae, 12 - Diaixidae, 13 - Discoidae, 14 - Epacteriscidae, 15 - Eucalanidae, 16 - Euchaetidae, 17 - Fosshageniidae, 18 - Heterorhabdidae, 19 - Hyperbionychidae, 20 - Lucicutiidae, 21 - Megacalanidae, 22 - Mesaiokeratidae, 23 - Metridinidae, 24 - Nullosetigeridae, 25 - Paracalanidae, 26 - Parapontellidae, 27 - Phaennidae, 28 - Pontellidae, 29 - Pseudocyclopidae, 30 - Pseudocyclopiidae, 31 – Peudodiaptomidae, 32 – Rhincalanidae, 33 - Ridgewayiidae, 34 - Rostrocalanidae, 35 - Ryocalanidae, 36 - Scolecitrichidae, 37 - Spinocalanidae, 38 - Stephidae, 39 - Sulcanidae, 40 - Temoridae, 41 - Tharybidae, 42 - Tortanidae.
The Diaptomidae with freshwater genera are not taken into account above.
The esentially freshwater and brackish (sometimes coastal) Pseudodiaptomidae are listed in an exhaustive way and indicated in the geographic distribution matrix.
The Calanoida incertae sedis are reunited in an arbitrary "group" (inc. sed-calanoida).
Boxshall & Hasley (2004, p.188) consider the family Parkiidae as synonym of the Scolecitrichidae in the absence of a true phylogenetic analysis. Vyshkvartzeva (2004, p.176 & foll.) contests the position of the former authors concerning the genus Parkius and restores the family status of the Parkiidae. br>
Ohtsuka & Huys (2001, p.461) draw up the phylogenetic tree of the Superfamilies.

issued from : V.N. Andronov (comm. pers., June 2006 in The Zoological Institut of St. Petersburg).
Phylogenetic tree of suborders of Calanoida (with families included) after Park 1986; Bowman & Abele 1982, revised by Andronov 1992.

issued from : S. Ohtsuka & R. Huys in Hydrobiologia, 2001, 453/454. [Fig. 15, p.461]

Phylogenetic tree of calanoid superfamilies, after Andronov (1974) and Park (1986). Each superfamily is defined by sexually dimorphic characters (apomorphies). Arrows indicate synapomorphies

Arietelloidea

Rem.:

5 families : Arietellidae, Augaptilidae, Discoidae, Heterorhabdidae, Nullosetigeridae.

Bathypontioidea

Rem.:

1 family : Bathypontiidae.

Calanoidea

Rem.:

3 families : Calanidae, Megacalanidae, Paracalanidae.

Clausocalanoidea

Rem.:

12 families : Aetideidae, Clausocalanidae, Diaixidae, Euchaetidae, Mesaiokeratidae, Parkiidae, Phaennidae, Pseudocyclopiidae, Rostrocalanidae, Scolecitrichidae, Stephidae, Tharybidae.

Diaptomoidea

Rem.:

10 families : Acartiidae, Candaciidae, Centropagidae, Fosshageniidae, Parapontellidae, Pontellidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, Sulcanidae, Temoridae, Tortanidae.

Epacteriscoidea

Rem.:

2 families : Epacteriscidae, Ridgewayiidae.

Eucalanoidea

Rem.:

2 families : Eucalanidae, Rhincalanidae.

Pseudocyclopoidea

Rem.:

2 families : Boholinidae, Pseudocyclopidae.

Ryocalanoidea

Rem.:

1 family : Ryocalanidae.

Spinocalanoidea

Rem.:

2 families : Arctokonstantinidae, Spinocalanidae.

Acartiidae Sars, 1903 ( Diaptomoidea )