Calanoida Order - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Calanoida Sars, 1902 ( Neocopepoda, Gymnoplea ) ( Classification and Phylogeny

)

Syn.:

Gymnoplea Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.41); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.6, 7); Sars, 1901 a (1903) (p.2); Esterly, 1905 (p.113); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.5); Rose, 1933 a (p.17); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.8); Kabata, 1979 (p.47, 49); Dudley, 1986 (p.10); Staborogatov, 1986 (p.1778); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.316, 403, 419)

Ref.:

Sars, 1902 (p.4); Gurney, 1931 a (p.82); Wilson, 1932 a (p.18, 540, clé G.); Rose, 1933 a (p.17); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.79); Andronov, 1974 a (p.1002 & suiv.); Kabata, 1979 (p.48, 49); Bowman & Abele, 1982 (p.9); Marcotte, 1982 (p.188); 1986 (p.187); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.85,139); Dudley, 1986 (p.7); Park,1986 (p.191); Boxshall, 1986 (p.204); Björnberg, 1986 (p.53, 232, Rem.N); Mauchline, 1988 (p.698); J.-S. Ho, 1990 (p.528); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.48, 403, 406, 418, 419, Rem.); Mauchline, 1998 (p.51); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.891, 901, clé des Fam.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.3; 37; 49; 12: clé des familles; p.38: clé des Super-familles); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.138, Families key.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.27, 138 : Rem., families key)

Rem.:

Andronov (1974 a) established 9 Superfamilies including the Platycopioidea. Park (1986) estimates that the Spinocalanidae and the Epacteriscidae should be erected to the rank of superfamily. The Platycopiidae being isolated in a different Order, we count 10 superfamilies of which certain have changed denomination for the reason of priority rule (Andronov, 1991, p.133): Arietelloidea [= Augaptiloidea (part.)], Bathypontioidea , Calanoidea [= Megacalanoidea], Clausocalanoidea [= Pseudocalanoidea (part.)], Diaptomoidea [= Centropagoidea], Epacteriscoidea , Eucalanoidea , Pseudocyclopoidea , Ryocalanoidea , Spinocalanoidea.
Fosshagen & Iliffe, 2004 a (p.353) and Boxshall & Hasley (2004) do not recognize the superfamily of the Fosshagenioidea. These superfamilies are defined in Boxshall & Hasley (2004, p.38).
Ferrari & Ueda (2005, p.333) following the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1985) restore the precedence of the Centropagoidea , just as the structure of the urosome of the female copepodite 5 in Fosshagenia ferrarii excludes this form from the Centropagidea and should restore the superfamily of the Fosshagenoidea .

43 pelagic or brackish water families (the Calocalanidae and the Mecynoceridae are integrated with the Paracalanidae) are defined by Boxshall & Hasley (2004), being by alphabetical order:
1 - Acartiidae, 2 - Aetideidae, 3 - Arctokonstantinidae, 4 - Arietellidae, 5 - Augaptilidae, 6 - Bathypontiidae, 7 - Boholinidae, 8 - Calanidae, 9 - Candaciidae, 10 - Centropagidae, 11 - Clausocalanidae, 12 - Diaixidae, 13 - Discoidae, 14 - Epacteriscidae, 15 - Eucalanidae, 16 - Euchaetidae, 17 - Fosshageniidae, 18 - Heterorhabdidae, 19 - Hyperbionychidae, 20 - Kyphocalanidae, 21 - Lucicutiidae, 22 - Megacalanidae, 23 - Mesaiokeratidae, 24 - Metridinidae, 25 - Nullosetigeridae, 26 - Paracalanidae, 27 - Parapontellidae, 28 - Phaennidae, 29 - Pontellidae, 30 - Pseudocyclopidae, 31 - Pseudocyclopiidae, 32 – Peudodiaptomidae, 33 – Rhincalanidae, 34 - Ridgewayiidae, 35 - Rostrocalanidae, 36 - Ryocalanidae, 37 - Scolecitrichidae, 38 - Spinocalanidae, 39 - Stephidae, 40 - Sulcanidae, 41 - Temoridae, 42 - Tharybidae, 43 - Tortanidae.
The Diaptomidae with freshwater genera are not taken into account above.
The esentially freshwater and brackish (sometimes coastal) Pseudodiaptomidae are listed in an exhaustive way and indicated in the geographic distribution matrix.
The Calanoida incertae sedis are reunited in an arbitrary "group" (inc. sed-calanoida).
Boxshall & Hasley (2004, p.188) consider the family Parkiidae as synonym of the Scolecitrichidae in the absence of a true phylogenetic analysis. Vyshkvartzeva (2004, p.176 & foll.) contests the position of the former authors concerning the genus Parkius and restores the family status of the Parkiidae. br>
Ohtsuka & Huys (2001, p.461) draw up the phylogenetic tree of the Superfamilies.

issued from : Pacific Biomedical Research Centre, University of Hawaii at Manoa http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/lucifer/gifs/copepod-taxo-evol.gif.
Phylogenetic tree of suborders of Calanoida (with families included) after Park 1986; Bowman & Abele 1982, revised by Andronov 1991.

issued from : S. Ohtsuka & R. Huys in Hydrobiologia, 2001, 453/454. [Fig. 15, p.461]

Phylogenetic tree of calanoid superfamilies, after Andronov (1974) and Park (1986). Each superfamily is defined by sexually dimorphic characters (apomorphies). Arrows indicate synapomorphies

issued from : L. Blanco-Bercial, J. Bradford-Grieve & A. Bucklin in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2011. [p.103, Fig.2]. Simplified.
Phylogram of families of the copepod Order Calanoida and outgroups. RAxML Maximum Likelihood tree, with nodes indicating percentage bootstrap recovery under three analyses: exclusion of all third codon positions in the protein-codifying genes (3rd pos.); and translation of protein-codifying genes to amino acid sequences (amono acid). The tree topology and the branch lengths shown correspond to the original sequence analysis. See full text and fig.2: doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.008
The phylogeny agrees with previously-published morphological phylogenies (Andronov, 1974; Park, 1986), including e.g., enlargement of the Bathypontioidea to include the Fosshageniidae.

issued from : D.F. Figueroa in J. Crustacean Biol., 2011, 31 (1). [p.161, Fig.6].
Calanoida phylogenetic tree based on the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Branch values correspond to bootstrap support for maximum parsimony, maximum likehood, neighbor joining, and Bayesian posterior probabilities ( -, indicates taht the branch failed the 50% bootstrap support.

Nota: After the author, this particular genetic analysis suggests: 1- Centropagoidea is the sister branch to all other Calanoida; 2- Ridgewayiidae and Pseudocyclopidae likely share a common ancestor with Augaptiloidea; 3- Ridgewaiidae and Pseudocyclopidae should be included in the same superfamily, Pseudocyclopoidea; 4- Spinocalanoidea likely needs to be included in Clausocalanoidea to recover the monophyly of the latter superfamily.

Arietelloidea

Syn.:

Augaptiloidea Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, 5, Table 1, Fig.2, Biol. mol, phylogeny)

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.138, Rem..)

Rem.:

5 families : Arietellidae, Augaptilidae, Discoidae, Heterorhabdidae, Nullosetigeridae.
According to Blanco-Bercial & al. (2011, Table 1): 8 families: Arietellidae, Augaptilidae, Discoidae, Heterorhabdidae, Hyperbionychidae, Lucicutiidae, Metridinidae, Nullosetigeridae.

Bathypontioidea

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.138, Rem.); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, 5, Table 1, Fig.2, Biol. mol, phylogeny)

Rem.:

1 family : Bathypontiidae.

Calanoidea

Syn.:

Megacalanoidea Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, 5, Table 1, Fig.2, Biol. mol, phylogeny)

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.139, Rem.)

Rem.:

4 families : Calanidae, Mecynoceridae, Megacalanidae, Paracalanidae.

Clausocalanoidea

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.139, Rem.); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, 5, Table 1, Fig.2, Biol. mol, phylogeny)

Rem.:

13 families : Aetideidae, Clausocalanidae, Diaixidae, Euchaetidae, Kyphocalanidae, Mesaiokeratidae, Parkiidae, Phaennidae, Pseudocyclopiidae, Rostrocalanidae, Scolecitrichidae, Stephidae, Tharybidae.

Diaptomoidea

Syn.:

Centropagoidea : Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, 3, Fig.2, Table 1, Biol. mol, phylogeny, Rem.: p.7)

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.138, Rem.)

Rem.:

10 marine families : Acartiidae, Candaciidae, Centropagidae, Fosshageniidae, Parapontellidae, Pontellidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, Sulcanidae, Temoridae, Tortanidae.

Epacteriscoidea

Syn.:

Ridgewayioidea : Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.139, Rem.)

Rem.:

2 families : Epacteriscidae, Ridgewayiidae.

Eucalanoidea

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.139, Rem.); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, 5, Table 1, Fig.2, Biol. mol, phylogeny)

Rem.:

2 families : Eucalanidae, Rhincalanidae.

Pseudocyclopoidea

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.139, Rem.)

Rem.:

2 families : Boholinidae, Pseudocyclopidae.

Ryocalanoidea

Ref.:

Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.139, Rem.)

Rem.:

1 family : Ryocalanidae.

Spinocalanoidea

Ref.:

Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, 5, Table 1, Fig.2, Biol. mol, phylogeny)

Rem.:

2 families : Arctokonstantinidae, Spinocalanidae.

Acartiidae Sars, 1903 ( Diaptomoidea )