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| (1) Australomonstrillopsis Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 | |
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| Rem.: | The new genus is erected by Suarez-Morales & McKinnon (2014, p.315) to accomodate a male specimen with a remarkable combination of important genus level characters not present in any other genus of the Monstrilloida.
It has a 5-segmented geniculate A1 that resembles that of Monstrillopsis in its general structure and armature, particularly in the presence of an inner protuberance of the last segment and the structure of the apical elenents. Setal element 2 (sensu Huys & al., 2007) forms a distinctive sabre-like structure in males of Monstrillopsis (Suarez-Morales & al., 2006) and element 1 is relatively short (as in M. fosshageni, M. chathamensis, M. cahuitae). In the new genus element 2 is short, curved and only slightly longer than element 1. This character is not present in males of Monstrillopsis. Another unique character present is the peculiar cuticular processes of the cephalothorax, forming sac-like protuberances on the anteroventral surface but also dorsal folds.
An important apomorphy found in this genus is the absence of an inner seta on the 1st segment of the exopods of P1-P4. The absence of such a seta is shared only with Maemonstrilla (Grygier & Ohtsuka, 1008).
Type species: Australomonstrillopsis crassicauda.
Total 1 sp. |
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| [1] Australomonstrillopsis crassicaudata Surarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (M) [Figs] | |
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| (2) Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018 | |
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| Rem.: | Type species: Caromiobenella castorea. 2 sp. + 6 spp. (comb. nov.) + 1 undetermined.
Diagnosis male from Jeon & al. (2018,: p.47) :- Cephalothorax not exceeding half of total body length (caidal rami excluding).
- Forehead margin generally round, lacking 2 usual short sensilla.
- Body segmented: cephalothorax with incorporated 1st pedigerous somit, free pedigers 1-3, 1st urosomal somite, genital somite, postgenital somite, penultimate somite, anal somite.
- A1 5-segmented with modified 5th segment (inner distal margin formed into several comb-like rows of spinules).
- Oral papilla on anterior ventral surface of cephalothorax, low, somewhat inconspicuous.
- Genital apparatus consisting of robust genital shaft pmus 2 short, subtriangular genital lappets diverging from distal posterior end of shaft.
- Branced setae of distal A1 segment replaced by unbranched, wello-developed simple setae in most species (branched setae reportedly in Caromiobenella arctica comb. nov.).
- Spine 2d, on 2nd segment elongated, biserially plumose, or both depending on species.
- Distal end of genital shaft with deep notch or medial protrusion.
- 3 or 6 caudal setae on each caudal ramus, depending on species.
- Two pairs of prominent crater-like depression on anterior dorsum of cephalothorax.
- Posterior dorsum of cephalothorax (i.e. incorporated 1st pediger) with 2 longitudinal rows of 4 pores each, arranged in pairs across midline.
After these authors the species included in this new genus will be (comb. nov.): C. helgolandica (Claus, 1863); C. serricornis (Sars, 1921); C. arctica (Davis & Green, 1974); C. hamatapex (Grygier & Ohtsuka, b1995); C. pygmaea (Suarez-Morales, 2000); C. patagonica (Suarez-Morales, Ramirez & Derisio, 2008) and Caromiobenella sp. [= Monstrilla sp. in Huys & Boxshall, 0991].
The new genus displays a unique set of characters, but some ambiguity is present in the generic assignment of all species Caromiobenella mentioned, including the two new species C. castorea and C. polluxea. For example, the numbers of urosomal somites and caudal setae match those of Monstrilla, whereas the modifications of setal element 2d 2 involving elongation and plumosity, are more like those in some species of Cymbasoma.
Molecular analysis provides an alternative means of compensating for uncertainties and defects caused by insufficient morphological information. The molecular evidence strongly supports the separation of caromiobenella from Monstrilla, with an about two-fold difference between the within-genus and between-genera divergences for genes mtCOI and for genes 28S rRNA (see in Table 2) |
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| [1] Caromiobenella castorea Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [2] Caromiobenella hamatapex (Grygier & Ohtsuka, 1995) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [3] Caromiobenella helgolandica (Claus, 1863) (F) | |
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| [4] Caromiobenella polluxea Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018 (M) [Figs] | |
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| (3) Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888 | |
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| Rem.: | type: Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson,1888. 41 species in Suarez-Morales, 2011 (p.4) + 25 species in Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (p.3). Total: 71 species + 1 undet.
Diagnosis after Vives & Shmeleva (2010, Vol. 33, p.157) :
Female :
- Abdomen 2-segmented.
Male :
- Abdomen 2-segmented.
For Jeo,g & al. (2018, p.61) the number of caudal setae 3 or 4 occurs in Cymbasoma including between two sexes of C. rigidum, C. longispinosum, C. tumorifrons, C. quintanarooensis, C. chelemense. |
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| [1] Cymbasoma agoense Sekiguchi, 1982 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [2] Cymbasoma alvaroi Suarez-Morales & Carillo , 2013 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [3] Cymbasoma annulocolle Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [4] Cymbasoma apicale Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [5] Cymbasoma astrolabe Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [6] Cymbasoma bali Desai & Krishnaswamy, 1962 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [7] Cymbasoma bidentatum Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [8] Cymbasoma bitumidum Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [9] Cymbasoma bowmani Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [10] Cymbasoma boxshalli (Suarez Morales, 1993) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [11] Cymbasoma buckleyi Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [12] Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909) (M) [Figs] | |
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| Cymbasoma bullatum ghardaqana Al-Kholy, 1963 (M) |
| Syn.: | Cymbasoma bullatus ghardaqana Al-Kholy,1963 (p.133, fig.M) |
| Ref.: | Suarez-Morales, 1999 (2000) (in Sarsia: sous presse) |
| Loc: | Mer Rouge (Ghardaqa) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma ghardaqana |
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| [13] Cymbasoma californiense Suarez-Morales & Palomares-Garcia, 1999 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [14] Cymbasoma chelemense Suarez-Morales & Escamilla, 1997 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [15] Cymbasoma cheni Lian & Tan, 2019 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [16] Cymbasoma clairejoanae Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [17] Cymbasoma claparedei (Giesbrecht, 1892) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [18] Cymbasoma clauderazoulsi Suarez-Morales, Goruppi, Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [19] Cymbasoma cocoense Suarez-Morales & Morales-Ramirez, 2009 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [20] Cymbasoma colefaxi Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [21] Cymbasoma concepcionae Suarez-Morales & Morales-Ramirez, 2003 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [22] Cymbasoma constrictum Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [23] Cymbasoma dakini Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [24] Cymbasoma danae Malaquin, 1896 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [25] Cymbasoma davisi Suarez-Morales & Pilz, 2008 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [26] Cymbasoma fergusoni Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| Cymbasoma filogranarum Malaquin, 1901 (F,M) |
| Syn.: | Thaumaleus filigranarum Malaquin, 1896 (p.1316, Rem.); Haemocera filogranarum Malaquin, 1901 (p.110, figs.F); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.218, fig.F) |
| Ref.: | Grygier, 1995 a (p.12, 16, 64) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla filogranarum |
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| [27] Cymbasoma frondipes (Isaac, 1975) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [28] Cymbasoma galerus Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [29] Cymbasoma germanicum (Timm, 1893) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [30] Cymbasoma ghardaqana Al-Kholy, 1963 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [31] Cymbasoma gigas (A. Scott, 1909) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [32] Cymbasoma gracile Gurney, 1927 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| Cymbasoma herdmani Thompson, 1888 |
| Ref.: | ? Cf. Monstrilla anglica |
| Loc: | I. Puffin, Malte |
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| [33] Cymbasoma guerrerense Suarez-Morales & Morales-Ramirez, 2009 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [34] Cymbasoma janetae Mageed, 2010 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [35] Cymbasoma javensis (Isaac, 1974) (M) [Figs] | |
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| [36] Cymbasoma jinigudira Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [37] Cymbasoma leighrandalli Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [38] Cymbasoma lenticula Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [39] Cymbasoma longispinosum (Bourne, 1890) (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [40] Cymbasoma lourdesae Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [41] Cymbasoma malaquini (Caullery & Mesnil, 1914) (F) | |
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| [42] Cymbasoma marioeduardoi Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [43] Cymbasoma markhasevae Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [44] Cymbasoma mcalicei Suarez-Morales, 1996 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [45] Cymbasoma mediterranea Suarez-Morales, Goruppi, Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [46] Cymbasoma morii (Tokioka, 1949) (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| Cymbasoma nicobaricum Sewell, 1949 (M) |
| Syn.: | Cymbasoma nicobarica Sewell, 1949 (p.142, figs.M); Desai & Krishnaswamy, 1962 (p.163) |
| Ref.: | Grygier, 1995 a (p.31, 51, 72, Rem.) |
| Loc: | Is. Nicobar, Port Nankauri |
| Rem.: | Cf.: Cymbasoma tropicum |
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| [47] Cymbasoma nicolettae Suarez-Morales, 2002 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [48] Cymbasoma pallidum (Isaac, 1974) (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [49] Cymbasoma paraconstrictum Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [50] Cymbasoma pseudobidentatum Suarez-Morales, Goruppi, Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [51] Cymbasoma pseudoquadridens Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [52] Cymbasoma quadridens Davis, 1947 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [53] Cymbasoma quintanarooense (Suarez Morales, 1994) (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [54] Cymbasoma rafaelmartinezi Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [55] Cymbasoma reticulatum (Giesbrecht, 1892) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [56] Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson, 1888 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [57] Cymbasoma rochai Suarez-Morales & Dias, 2001 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [58] Cymbasoma rostratum (T. Scott, 1904) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [59] Cymbasoma similirostratum (Isaac, 1974) (M) [Figs] | |
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| [60] Cymbasoma sinopense Üstün, Terbiyik Kurt & Suarez-Morales, 2014 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [61] Cymbasoma solanderi Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [62] Cymbasoma specchii Suarez-Morales, Goruppi, Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [63] Cymbasoma striatum (Isaac, 1974) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [64] Cymbasoma striifrons Chang C.Y., 2012 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [65] Cymbasoma strzeleckii Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [66] Cymbasoma tenue (Isaac, 1974) (M) [Figs] | |
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| [67] Cymbasoma tergestinum Suarez-Morales, Goruppi, Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [68] Cymbasoma tharawalorum Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [69] Cymbasoma thompsoni (Giesbrecht, 1892) (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [70] Cymbasoma tirmiziae Khan & Kamran, 1974 (F) | |
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| Rem.: | Publication not found. |
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| [71] Cymbasoma tranteri Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [72] Cymbasoma tropicum (Wolfenden, 1905) (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [73] Cymbasoma tumorifrons Suarez-Morales, 1999 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [74] Cymbasoma williamsoni Khan, 1976 (M) | |
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| Rem.: | Publication not found. |
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| [75] Cymbasoma zetlandicum (T. Scott, 1904) (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| Rem.: | After T. Scott (1904, p.249), a male belonging apparently to the same species as the female described is considerably smaller than it.
? Cf. Monstrilla regarding the male structure. |
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| Cymbasoma sp. Marques, 1961 (M) |
| Ref.: | Marques, 1961 (p.51) |
| Loc: | Guinée |
| Lg.: | (631) M: 1,48. |
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| [76] Cymbasoma sp. Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016 (F) [Figs] | |
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| Guanabaraenia Oliveira, 1945 | |
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| Rem.: | non Monstrillide |
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| Guanabaraenia jurujubae Oliveira, 1945 (F) |
| Ref.: | Oliveira, 1945 a (p.470, figs.F) |
| Loc: | Brésil (Rio de Janeiro) |
| Lg.: | (656) F: 0,3 |
| Rem.: | Cf. ? |
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| Rem.: | Sars (1921, p.9) considers this genus as a synonym of Cymbasoma. Isaac (1974, 1975) does not recognize this genus and does not retain the generic criteria in Sewell, 1949 (p. 132). 1 species (unidentifiable). |
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| Haemocera danae Malaquin,1901 , Haem (F,M) |
| Ref.: | Malaquin, 1901 (p.88, 109, fig.F); ? van Breemen,1908 a (p.217, figs.F,M, Rem.); Sars, 1921 (p.21); Sewell, 1949 (p.144, figs.F, Rem.); Razouls, 1972 (Annexe: p.155); 1973 (p.467) |
| Loc: | Manche, Médit., Is. Nicobar, Viet-Nam |
| Lg.: | (662) F: 1,15; (737) F: 2,4-2; M: 1,4-1; {F: 1,15-2,40; M: 1,10-1,40} |
| Rem.: | Sewell (1949, p.145) n'admet pas la synonymie avec le genre Cymbasoma (C. rigidum = Thaumaleus rigidus ). Grygier (1995 a, p.63) considère cette espèce comme un synonyme junior de Monstrilla danae Claparède, 1863. |
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| Haemocera morii Tokioka, 1949 (F) |
| Ref.: | Tokioka, 1949 (p.71, figs.F); Rose, 1956 (p.463); Grygier, 1994 a (p.23, Rem.) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma morii |
| |
| Haemocera roscovita Malaquin, 1901 (F) |
| Syn.: | Cymbasoma roscovita : Rose, 1933 a (p.351, fig.F) |
| Ref.: | Malaquin, 1901 (p.110, fig.F); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.219, fig.F, Rem.); Isaac, 1975 (p.8, fig.F); Grygier, 1995 a (p.75) |
| Loc: | Manche |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla roscovita |
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| (4) Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008 | |
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| Rem.: | Type: Maemonstrilla hyottoko. With 2 species-groups: kyottoko Group (Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008, p.463) and turgida Group Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008, p.492). Total: 11 species.
Diagnosis for females after Grygier & Ohtsuka (2008, p.462) :
- Ovigerous spines pointing forward between thoracopods.
- P1 to P4 widely separated across midline; intercoxal of legs 1-4 low and approximately as wide as legs themselves.
- Cephalothorax bulbous, about half of body length, with often very prominent oral papilla in anterior third of length and 2-4 (usually 3) small scars clustered behind base of each A1.
- Naupliar eye well developed; hyaline bodies absent in front of the widely separated lateral cups.
- Dorsal surface of metasomal pedigers and all urosomal segments except telson (for the so-called 'anal somite') occupied by extensive, more or less rectangular patches of denticles or spinules.
- A1 with branched outer distal b-setae.
- Single pore on anterior face of 3rd segment of each ramus in P1-P4.
- P5 either a long, narrow rod with 2 distal setae and at most a tiny, unarmed endopodal lobe, or bilobed with 3 setae on exopodal lobe and 1 (or supposedly 2 in one instance) on endopodal lobe.
- Urosome 4-segmented.
- Genital compound somite usually with obvious dorsal suture, lacking dorsal pores.
- Caudal rami with 6 setae and ventral pore.
This genus represents the only example of subthoracic brooding among planktonic copepods: Unusual direction of the ovigerous spines (foreward), the shape of the intercoxal sclerite, very low and very wide, and probably the loss of the inner seta of the 1st segment of each leg ramus (see remarks in Monstrillidae concerning the subthoracic egg brooding in copepods).
Males unknown (or unrecognized).
In the samples examined, monstrillid specimens and species of various genera were usually abundant, and up to three species of Maemonstrilla females co-occurred in samples; matching sexes by co-occurrence cannot be done in these circumstances.
Ohtsuka & Nishida (2017, p.574) underline a peculiar characteristic in this genus, which bears anteriorly directed genital spines on the genital compound somite of the female, which are posteriorly directed in other monstrilloids. Because egg masses attached to the spines are positioned in a space surrounded by the right and left legs, Grygier & Ohtsuka (2007) regarded it as a kind of brood chamber.
Maemonstrilla hyottoko species-Group :
- Cephalothorax with reticulate pattern of cuticular ridges.
- A1, lateral sides of metasomal somites and urosomal segments, dorsum of telson, and caudal rami ornamented (except in M. simplex).
- Dorsal surface of metasomal pedigers and first three urosomal segments, as well as outer face of thoracods (coxa and exopod), densely denticulate or spinulose (except in M. simplex).
- No spine-like scales posteriorly near dorsal midline on 1st and 2nd free pedigers.
- Outer basis seta of P3 at least as long as exopod.
- No inner seta of 1st exopodal segment of P1-P4; inner seta of 1st endopodal segment of these legs absent or represented by socket-like or button-like structure;
- P5 a long, thin rod with 2 distal setae, 1 apical and 1 slightly subapical; endopodal lobe absent (or reportedly tiny and unarmed in one instance).
- Posterior part of genital compound somite with ventral protrusion.
5 species: M. hyottoko, M. simplex, M. okame, M. polka, M. spinicoxa.
Maemonstrilla turgida species-Group : Monotypic. See diagnosis to the species Maemonstrilla turgida (A. Scott, 1909) comb. nov. from Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008 (p.492); distinguished from the former species-Group by the cephalothorax non-reticulated. |
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| [1] Maemonstrilla crenulata Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [2] Maemonstrilla hoi Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [3] Maemonstrilla hyottoko Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [4] Maemonstrilla longipes (A. Scott, 1909) (F) [Figs] | |
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| [5] Maemonstrilla okame Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [6] Maemonstrilla ohtsukai Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [7] Maemonstrilla polka Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [8] Maemonstrilla protuberans Suarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [9] Maemonstrilla simplex Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [10] Maemonstrilla spinicoxa Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [11] Maemonstrilla turgida (A. Scott, 1909) (F) [Figs] | |
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| (5) Monstrilla Dana, 1849 | |
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| Rem.: | Type: Monstrilla viridis Dana, 1849, but the genus concept needs to be clarified by designation and detailed description of a neotype. Total: 57 species + 1 uncertained (of which several doubtful). Provisional number, the species of the genus Monstrillopsis should no doubt be incorporated in this genus (Davis, 1949 a; Davis & Green, 1974).
Diagnosis after Vives & Shmeleva (2010, Vol. 33, p.157) :
Female :
- Abdomen 3-segmented.
- Oral papilla located approximately more than 1/4 of the ventral length of the cephalothorax (mainly at half length).
- Eyes absent or small.
Male : Abdomen 4-segmented
- Eyes not prominent.
- P5 absent or very small.
With the creation of the new genus Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018) the number of the species is at the present time 50. |
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| [1] Monstrilla anglica Lubbock, 1857 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [2] Monstrilla arctica Davis & Green, 1974 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [3] Monstrilla bahiana Suarez-Morales & Dias, 2001 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [4] Monstrilla barbata Suarez-Morales & Gasca-Serrano, 1992 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [5] Monstrilla bernardensis (Willey, 1920) (M) [Figs] | |
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| [6] Monstrilla brasiliensis Dias & Suarez-Morales, 2000 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [7] Monstrilla brevicornis Isaac, 1974 (F) [Figs] | |
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| Monstrilla canadensis McMurrich, 1917 (M) |
| Syn.: | Monstrilla anglica : Wilson, 1932 a (p.394, figs.M); M. serricornis : C.B. Wilson, 1950 |
| Ref.: | McMurrich, 1917 (p.47, fig.M); Fontaine, 1955 (p.890); Shih & al., 1971 (p.57, 215); Isaac, 1975 (p.6, 8, figs.M); Threlkeld, 1977 (p.226); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.82, figs.M); McAlice, 1982 (p.46, Rem.); 1985 (p.627, figs.F,M, Rem.); Grygier, 1995 a (p.27, 32, 52, 61) |
| Loc: | G. du Maine, Baie de Fundy, Détroit d'Hudson , Is. Gilbert |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla helgolandica (M) Claus,1863 |
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| [8] Monstrilla capitellicola Hartman, 1961 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [9] Monstrilla careli Suarez-Morales & Dias, 2000 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [10] Monstrilla careloides Suarez-Morales, 2001 (F) [Figs] | |
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| [11] Monstrilla chetumalensis Suarez-Morales & Castellanos-Osorio, 2019 (M) [Figs] | |
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| [12] Monstrilla ciqroi (Suarez-Morales, 1993)) (F) [Figs] | |
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| Monstrilla clavata Sars, 1921 (F) |
| Ref.: | Sars, 1921 (p.14, figs.F); Rose, 1933 a (p.341, figs F); Sewell,1949 (p.141); Wilson, 1950 (p.267); Isaac, 1975 (p.7, Rem.); Grygier, 1994 (p.240: Rem.); 1995 a (p.62) |
| Loc: | Norvège, Philippines |
| Rem.: | Cf.: Monstrilla longicornis |
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| [13] Monstrilla conjunctiva Giesbrecht, 1902 (F,M) [Figs] | |
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| [14] Monstrilla cymbula A. Scott, 1909 (F) [Figs] | |
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|
| Monstrilla dakinensis Davis, 1949 (F) |
| Syn.: | Monstrilla sp. Dakin & Colefax, 1940 (p.117, figs.F) |
| Ref.: | Davis, 1949 a (p.247, 249); Gryier, 1995 a (p.30, 62) |
| Loc: | Australie (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) |
| Lg.: | (104) F: 3,7 |
| Rem.: | espèce non décrite à ma connaissance. |
|
| Monstrilla danae Claparède, 1863 (F,M) |
| Syn.: | ? Haemocera danae Malaquin, 1901; Razouls, 1973 (p.467) |
| Ref.: | Claparède, 1863 (p.95, figs.F,M); Bourne, 1890 b (p.573, 575, fig.F, Rem.M); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.578, 580, 694); Malaquin, 1901 (p.107, 109: Rem.); Pearson, 1906 (p.33: F); Grygier, 1995 a (p.6, 7, 10, 62) |
| Loc: | Manche (St. Vaast la Hougue), Irlande SW, Kieler Bucht |
| Lg.: | (741) F,M: 2 |
| Rem.: | Sp. douteuse. Cf. Monstrilla anglica (M) et Cymbasoma rigidum (F) |
|
| Monstrilla dubia T. Scott, 1904 (F,M) |
| Ref.: | T. Scott, 1904 (p.247, Descr.F, figs.F); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.217, figs.F); Shih & al., 1971 (p.57, 215); Grygier, 1995 a (p.63) |
| Loc: | Ecosse |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrillopsis dubia |
|
| [15] Monstrilla elongata Suarez-Morales, 1994 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [16] Monstrilla filogranarum (Malaquin, 1901) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [17] Monstrilla floridana Davis, 1949 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [18] Monstrilla ghardaqensis Al-Kholy, 1963 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [19] Monstrilla ghirardelli Suarez-Morales, Goruppi, Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [20] Monstrilla gibbosa Suarez-Morales & Palomares-Garcia, 1995 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [21] Monstrilla globosa Suarez-Morales, 2003 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [22] Monstrilla gohari Al-Kholy, 1963 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [23] Monstrilla gracilicauda Giesbrecht, 1892 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [24] Monstrilla grandis Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [25] Monstrilla grygieri Suarez-Morales, 2000 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla hamatapex Grygier & Ohtsuka, 1995 |
| Rem.: | Cf. Caromiobenella hamatapex |
|
| [26] Monstrilla helgolandica Claus, 1863 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [27] Monstrilla humesi Suarez-Morales, 2001 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [28] Monstrilla inserta A. Scott, 1909 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla intermedia Krichagin, 1877 (F,M) |
| Ref.: | Non consulté; Dolgopolskaya, 1948 (p.177, Rem.); Isaac, 1975 a (BZN, p.171); Grygier, 1995 a (p.6, 48, 68) |
| Loc: | Mer Noire |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla grandis |
|
| Monstrilla intermedia Aurivillius, 1898 (F) |
| Ref.: | van Breemen, 1908 a (p.205, fig.F); Isaac, 1975 (p.7); 1995 a (B.Z.N., p.171); Grygier, 1995 a (p.48, 68) |
| Loc: | Skagerrak |
| Lg.: | (750) F: 4 |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla longicornis |
|
| [29] Monstrilla investigatoris Sewell, 1949 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla javensis Isaac, 1974 (M) |
| Ref.: | Isaac, 1974 a (p.132, Descr.M, figs.M); Grygier, 1995 a (p.43, 68) |
| Loc: | Mer de Java (Bangka Strait) |
| N: | 1 |
| Lg.: | (739) M: 1,39; {M: 1,39} |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma javensis |
|
| [30] Monstrilla lata Desai & Bal, 1963 (F,M) | |
|
|
| Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921 (F,M) |
| Syn.: | Monstrilla leucopsis : Wilson, 1950 (p.267); non Monstrilla leucopis : Suarez & Gasca, 1990 |
| Ref.: | Sars, 1921 (p.15, figs.F); Rose, 1933 a (p.342, figs.F,M); Sewell,1949 (p.132, 138,139, Rem.); Grygier, 1995 a (p.24, 55, 68) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla conjunctiva |
|
| [31] Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [32] Monstrilla longa (Isaac, 1974) (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [33] Monstrilla longicornis Thompson, 1890 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla longipes A. Scott, 1909 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Maemonstrilla longipes. |
|
| [34] Monstrilla longiremis Giesbrecht, 1892 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla longispinosa Bourne, 1890 (F) |
| Syn.: | Thaumaleus longispinosus : Isaac, 1975 (p.8, Rem.) |
| Ref.: | Bourne, 1890 b (p.575, Descr.F, figs.F); Grygier, 1995 a (p.70) |
| Loc: | Plymouth |
| Lg.: | non donné |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma longispinosum |
|
| [35] Monstrilla longissima Krichagin, 1877 | |
|
|
| [36] Monstrilla mariaeugeniae Suarez-Morales & Islas-Landeros, 1993 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [37] Monstrilla marioi Suarez-Morales, 2003 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [38] Monstrilla minuta Isaac, 1974 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [39] Monstrilla mixta T. Scott, 1914 (F) | |
|
|
| [40] Monstrilla nasuta Davis & Green, 1974 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [41] Monstrilla nicholsii Davis, 1949 (F) | |
|
|
| [42] Monstrilla obesa Isaac, 1974 (F,M) | |
|
|
| [43] Monstrilla orcula A. Scott, 1909 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla ostroumowi Karavaev, 1895 (F) |
| Ref.: | Karavaev, 1894 (1895) (p.33, Descr.F, figs.F); Malaquin, 1901 (p.110); Porumb, 1961 (p.1224, Rem.); Isaac, 1975 (p.8); Grygier, 1995 a (p.45, 72) |
| Lg.: | (755) F: 1,15 |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma rigidum |
|
| [44] Monstrilla papilliremis Isaac, 1975 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [45] Monstrilla patagonica Suarez-Morales, Ramirez & Derisio, 2008 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [46] Monstrilla pontica (Krichagin, 1877) | |
|
|
| [47] Monstrilla pustulata Suarez-Morales & Dias, 2001 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla quadriseta Davis, 1949 (M) |
| Ref.: | Davis, 1949 a (p.248: nom. nud.); Grygier, 1995 a (p.30, 73) |
|
| [48] Monstrilla pygmaea Suarez-Morales, 2000 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [49] Monstrilla rebis Suarez-Morales, 1993 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [50] Monstrilla reidae Suarez-Morales, 1993 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla reticulata Davis, 1949 (F,M) |
| Ref.: | Davis, 1949 a (p.251, figs.F,M); Isaac, 1975 (p.9); Grygier, 1995 a (p.73) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrillopsis reticulata |
|
| [51] Monstrilla roscovita (Malaquin, 1901) (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [52] Monstrilla rugosa Davis, 1947 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [53] Monstrilla satchmoi Suarez-Morales & Dias, 2001 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [54] Monstrilla scotti (Isaac, 1975) (F,M) | |
|
|
| [55] Monstrilla semperi Krichagin, 1877 | |
|
|
| [56] Monstrilla serricornis Sars, 1921 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [57] Monstrilla spinosa Park, 1967 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla turgida A. Scott, 1909 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Maemonstrilla turgida. |
|
| Monstrilla typica Kroyer, 1849 (juv. F) |
| Syn.: | Thaumatoëssa Typica Kröyer, 1842-1845 ?; Thaumaleus typicus Kröyer, 1849 (in Damkaer & Damkaer, 1979 (p.43, figs.F); Grygier, 1993 (1994) (p.235, figs. juv.5F); Grygier, 1995 a (p.24, 77) |
| Loc: | Norvège (entrée du Fjord Trondheims) |
| Lg.: | (juv.F): 4,67 ou 4,54 |
| Rem.: | sp. imprécise |
|
| Monstrilla viridis Dana, 1849 |
| Ref.: | Bourne, 1890 b (p.575); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.586); Grygier, 1994 (p.245, Rem.); 1995 a (p.6, 9, 78) |
| Loc: | Mer de Sulu |
| Rem.: | sp. imprécise |
|
| [58] Monstrilla typica (Kröyer, 1849) (F) | |
|
|
| [59] Monstrilla wandelii Stephensen, 1913 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla wandelii tropica Suarez-Morales , 1996 (M) |
| Ref.: | Suarez-Morales, 1996 (p.35, figs.M); 1998 (p.360, Rem.) |
| Loc: | Yucatan |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla mariaeugeniae |
|
| Monstrilla zetlandicum T. Scott, 1904 (F,M) |
| Syn.: | Thaumaleus zetlandicus T. Scott, 1904 (p.249, figs.F,M); van Breemen, 1908 a (p.215, figs.F,M); Isaac, 1975 (p.3, 7, 9, figs.F,M); Cymbasoma zetlandica : Rose, 1933 a (p.350, figs.F,M) |
| Loc: | I. Shetland, Manche |
| Rem.: | La structure du mâle incite Isaac (1975) à classer cette forme dans ce genre. Voir à Cymbasoma zetlandicum. |
|
| [60] Monstrilla sp.1 [Davis & Green, 1974] (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrilla sp. Dakin & Colefax, 1940 (F) |
| Ref.: | Dakin & Colefax, 1940 (p.117, figs.F); Grygier, 1995 a (p.29) |
| Loc: | Australie (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) |
| Lg.: | (104) F: 3,7 |
|
| Monstrilla sp. Nicholls, 1944 (F) |
| Ref.: | Nicholls, 1944 (p.56, figs.F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla nichollsii |
|
| Monstrilla sp. Krishnaswamy, 1953 (F) |
| Ref.: | Krishnaswamy, 1953 (p.75, figs.F) |
| Loc: | Inde (Madras) |
| Lg.: | (531) F: 1,6 |
|
| Monstrilla sp. Sekiguchi, 1982 (F) |
| Ref.: | Sekiguchi, 1982 (p.26, Descr.F, figs.F); Grygier & Ohtsuka, 1995 (p.708, Rem.: 717) |
| Loc: | Japon (Ago Bay) |
| Lg.: | (723) F: 1,6 |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla hamatapex |
|
| [61] Monstrilla sp.2 Carneiro-Schaefer, Sühnel, Dias, de Melo, Magalhaes, 2017 (Juv.F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| (6) Monstrillopsis Sars, 1921 | |
|
| Rem.: | type: Monstrilla dubia T. Scott,1904. The authors do not agree on the validity of this genus, in spite of the arguments of Davis (1949 a) : ? Cf. Monstrilla.
Total: 20 species (some probably doubtful).
Suarez-Morales & al. (2006, 2013) included the following nominal ten species in the genus Monstrillopsis: M. dubia (Scott, 1904) from Scotland (60°N), M. zernowi from the Black Sea (43°N), M. sarsi Isaac, 1974 from England (54°N), M. fosshageni from Brazil (20°S), M. dubioides Suarez-Morales, 2004 from Norway (62°N), M. ferrarii Suarez-Morales & Ivanenko from the White Sea (66°N), M. chilensis from off Chle (33°S), M. igniterra from the Southern Ocean (55°S), M. chathamensis from the Eastern Pacific, M. cahuitae from the Costa Rica (Caribbean Sea (9°45'N).
For Delaforge & al. (2017, p.11), several authors have questioned the validity of the genus Monstrillopsis Sars (1921) whereas others have accepted ir (Huys & Boxshall, 1991; Boxshall & Halsey, 2004; Suarez-Morales & al., 2006). The argumentation against it has relied on the presumed mixed characters shown by males of the Arctic species M. bernardensis (Willey, 1920); as in Monstrillopsis, these specimens have 4 caudal setae and the oral papilla is located anteriorly on the cephalothorax, but the specimens examined by Davis & Green (1974) from Resolute Bay have a rudimentary P5 as in Monstrilla; they explicitly state that the differ from Willey's population. The specimens of M. bernardensis from Resolute Bay should be redescribed. For instance, the number of caudal rami should be confirmed, some species of Monstrilla have a small, inconspicuous caudal seta V (i.e., M. elongata Suarez-Morales, 1994; M. gracilicauda Giesbrecht (1892). Also, the A1 segmentation and armature, particularly of the distal segment, should be examined to determine if it has the characters relatable to Monstrillopsis. Huys & Boxshall (1991) strengthened the genus concept by assigning to the males of Monstrillopsis a particular antennular type, different from those recognized in Cymbasoma and Monstrilla. With regard to the females of species of Monstrillopsis, little evidence contrary to the validity of the genus has been presented. The other Arctic species described by Davis & Green (1974), M. arctica and M. nasuta are clearly species of Monstrilla.
The distribution of the genus seems to be largely restricted to temperate and cold latitudes.
Diagnosis of the the genus Monstrillopsis owing to its possession of the combination of characters noted by Sars (1921) :
- 2 free somites posterior to the genital double-somite;
- Eyes fully developed;
- 4 segmented A1 in the female;
- Oral papilla occurring near the anteriormost part of the cephalothorax (< 20 % of way back along cephalothorax);
- P5 bilobed in female , outer lobe armed with 3 setae;
- Caudal rami with 4 setae.
For Delaforge & al. (2017, p.8), some species can have more caudal setae (i.e. M. reticulata (Davis, 1949), M. zernowi Dolgopolskaya, 1948), but except for the aberrant M. zernowi with 5 caudal setae, also present in the females.
Diagnosis after Vives & Shmeleva (2010, Vol. 33, p.157) :
Female :
- Abdomen 3-segmented.
- Eyes well developped.
- Oral papilla located 1/4 length of the ventral cephalothorax.
Male : Abdomen 4-segmented
eyes very prominent.
lee J. & al. (2016, p.421), in Monstrillopsis the number of caudal setae is generally 4 in both sexes; however, some congeneric species have more caudal setae (see Suarez-Morales & al., 2006), and are distinguished from the Korean species: in the male, 6 setae in M. cohuitae and 5 setae in M. reticulata and M. zernowi.
After Jeon (2018, p.62) the genus Haemocera Malaquin, 1901, should be a senior synonym of Monstrillopsis.
Remarks from Suarez-Morales & al. (2006, p.101)combination of characters defined by Sars (1921) in his diagnosis of this genus concerning females:
- 1: A1 4-segmented.
- 2: Oral papilla occurring near anteriormost part of cephalothorax.
- 3: zyzs fully developed.
- 4: Urosome with 3 somites including genital double-somite.
- 5: P5 of female bilobed, and outer lobe armed with 3 setae.
- 6: Caudal rami with 4 setae. Sars (1921) mentioned also unusually produced caudal rami; this character is not constant in the members of the genus.
- Additional characters proposed later for this genus are the absence or armament on the inner lobe of the female P5; a modified distal segment and a curved terminal spine in the male A1, and absent or reducted P5 in the male (character shared with Cymbasoma (Suarez-Morales, pers. obs.). |
|
| [1] Monstrillopsis angustipes Isaac, 1974 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [2] Monstrillopsis boonwurrungorum Surarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [3] Monstrillopsis cahuitae Suarez-Morales & Carillo, 2013 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [4] Monstrillopsis chathamensis Suarez-Morales & Morales-Ramirez, 2009 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [5] Monstrillopsis chilensis Suarez-Morales, Bello-Smith & Palma, 2006 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| Monstrillopsis ciqroi Suarez-Morales, 1993 (F) |
| Rem.: | Depth sampling: 1.5 m.
Suarez-Morales & Castellanos-Osorio, 2019 (p.120: Rem.) indicate this species as belonging to the genus Monstrilla in the species" key of the Mexican Caribbean.
|
|
| [6] Monstrillopsis coreensis Lee, Kim & Chang, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [7] Monstrillopsis dubia (T. Scott, 1904) (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [8] Monstrillopsis dubioides Suarez-Morales, 2004 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [9] Monstrillopsis ferrarii Suarez-Morales & Ivanenko, 2004 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [10] Monstrillopsis filogranarum (Malaquin, 1901) (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [11] Monstrillopsis fosshageni Suarez-Morales & Dias, 2001 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [12] Monstrillopsis hastata Surarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [13] Monstrillopsis igniterra Suarez-Morales, Ramirez & Derisio, 2008 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [14] Monstrillopsis longilobata Lee, Kim & Chang, 2016 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [15] Monstrillopsis nanus Surarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [16] Monstrillopsis paradoxa Jeon, Lee, Soh & Eyun, 2020 (M) | |
|
|
| [17] Monstrillopsis planifrons Delaforge, Suarez-Morales, Walkusz, Campbell & Mundy, 2017 (F) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [18] Monstrillopsis reticulata (Davis, 1949) (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [19] Monstrillopsis sarsi Isaac, 1974 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [20] Monstrillopsis zernowi Dolgopol'skaya, 1948 (F,M) [Figs] | |
|
|
| [21] Monstrillopsis sp. Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (M) [Figs] | |
|
|
|
| Rem.: | The maintenance of this genus is questionable considering the quality of the illustrations. Type : Strilloma longa Isaac,1974. Suarez-Morales & Gasca (2004, p.292) confirm the non-validity of this genus. |
| |
| Strilloma grandis Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf Monstrilla grandis |
| |
| Strilloma lata Desai & Bal, 1963 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla lata |
| |
| Strilloma longa Isaac, 1974 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla longa |
| |
| Strilloma scotti Isaac, 1975 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla scotti. |
|
|
| Rem.: | Type: Thaumaleus typicus Kröyer, 1849. Cf. Cymbasoma et Monstrilla |
| |
| Thaumaleus bernardensis Willey, 1920 (M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla bernardensis |
| |
| Thaumaleus boxshalli Suarez-Morales, 1993 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma boxshalli |
| |
| Thaumaleus bullatus A. Scott, 1909 (M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma bullata |
| |
| Thaumaleus claparedi Giesbrecht, 1892 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma claparedei |
| |
| Thaumaleus filogranarum Malaquin, 1896 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla filogranarum |
| |
| Thaumaleus frondipes T. Scott, 1904 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma frondipes |
| |
| Thaumaleus germanicus Timm, 1893 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma rigidum |
| |
| Thaumaleus gigas A. Scott, 1909 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma gigas |
| |
| Thaumaleus longispinosus Bourne, 1890 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma longispinosum |
| |
| Thaumaleus malaquini Caullery & Mesnil, 1914 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma malaquini |
| |
| Thaumaleus pallidus Isaac, 1974 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cymbasoma pallida |
| |
| Thaumaleus quadridens Davis, 1947 (M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma quadridens |
| |
| Thaumaleus quintanarooensis Suarez-Morales, 1994 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma quintanarooensis |
| |
| Thaumaleus reticulatus Giesbrecht, 1892 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma reticulatum |
| |
| Thaumaleus rostratus T. Scott, 1904 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma rostrata |
| |
| Thaumaleus similirostratus Isaac, 1974 (M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma similirostratum |
| |
| Thaumaleus striatus Isaac, 1974 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma striatum |
| |
| Thaumaleus tenuis Isaac, 1974 (M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma tenuis |
| |
| Thaumaleus thompsoni Giesbrecht, 1892 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma thompsoni |
| |
| Thaumaleus tropicus Wolfenden, 1905 (F) |
| Rem.: | Cf. ? Cymbasoma thompsoni |
| |
| Thaumaleus tumorifrons Isaac, 1974 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma tumorifrons |
| |
| Thaumaleus typicus Kröyer, 1845 (F) |
| Rem.: | espèce douteuse. Cf. Monstrilla typica |
| |
| Thaumaleus zetlandicus T. Scott, 1904 (F,M) |
| Rem.: | Cf. Cymbasoma zetlandica ou Monstrilla zetlandica (du fait de la structure du mâle) |
|
| Thaumatoessa Kröyer in Gaimard, 1842-1845 ? | |
|
| Rem.: | In spite of the priority rule, Grygier (1994) proposes the maintenance of Monstrilla over Thaumatoessa and over Thaumaleus (this genus being considered as later established). |
| |
| Thaumatoessa typica Kröyer in Gaimard, 1842 (juv. F) |
| Syn.: | Thaumaleus typicus Kröyer,1849; ? Monstrilla longicornis : Sars,1921 (p.11); ? Monstrilla clavata Sars, 1921 (p.14) |
| Ref.: | Grygier, 1994 (p.235, Redescr., figs.juv.F); 1995 a (p.77) |
| Loc: | Norvège |
| Rem.: | Cf. Monstrilla typica |
| |
| (0) Thaumatohessia Giard, 1900 (? Monstrillidae ) | |
|
| Rem.: | Total : 1 sp.
This genus, created to understand an entirely original species (Thaumatohessia armoricana (Hesse,1868) does not correspond to the diagnosis of the family, but may belong to a neotenic form of a species of the preceding genera. This atypic form, presenting rudimentary mouth parts, has never been re-encountered in Brest (among the corals: Griffithsia corallina) |
|
| [1] Thaumatohessia armoricana (Hesse, 1868) (F) | |
|
| Rem.: | This atypical form, which presents rudimentary mouthparts, was never re-encountered and could correspond to a neotenic form. |
|
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