Paracalanus quasimodo - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Paracalanus quasimodo Bowman, 1971 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Calanoidea

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Family Paracalanidae

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Genus Paracalanus

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

? Paracalanus parvus s.l. : Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.845, Pl.135: F,M);
?Paracalanus sp. : Liang & Uye, 1996 (p.219, Rem.).

References

List of the studied authors

Bowman, 1971 b (p.24, figs.F,M); Andronov, 1977 (p.155, fig.F); Bradford, 1978 (p.134: Rem.); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.622, figs.F,M); Campaner, 1985 (p.10); Hiromi, 1987 (p.147, 153, 155, Rem.); Nishida, 1989 (p.173, table 1, 2, dorsal hump); Kang, 1996 (p.409, Rem.); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.878, 910, figs.F,M); Kesarkar & Anil, 2010 (Rem.: p.406, fig.F)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : T.E. Bowman in Smithson. Contr. Zool., 1971, 96. [p.25, Fig.20].
Female (from 33°34'N, 78°24'W): a-b, habitus (lateral and dorsal, respectively); c, 5th pedigerous and genital segments (lateral); d-e-f, last thoracic segment, genital and 2nd urosomal segments (dorsal, right and left sides, respectively); g, anal segment and caudal rami (dorsal); h-k, P1 to P4, respectively; l, P5

Nota: Prosome about 3 times as long as urosome, with characteristic dorsal hump (similar to those in some species of Acrocalanus but less strongly developed). Head and 1st pedigerous somite fused, 4th and 5th separated by indistinct suture. Genital segment rather broad in relation to length; lateral part of posterior margin sometimes armed with row of minute spinules, lateral surface with cluster of spinules on either side, anterior and dorsal to spermatheca. Spermatheca obovate; remaining urosomites relatively broader and shorter than those of P. indicus. A1 25-segmented, reaching to about posterior margin of caudal ramus. Swimming legs pattern very similar to that of P. indicus , basipod conspicuously spinose. P5, terminal spine longer than 2nd segment.

Species Paracalanus quasimodo - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : T.E. Bowman in Smithson. Contr. Zool., 1971, 96. [p.26, Fig.21, a].
Female: a, Md (cutting edge of mandibular blade).

Species Paracalanus quasimodo - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : T.E. Bowman in Smithson. Contr. Zool., 1971, 96. [p.26, Fig.21, b-h].
Male: b, d, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); c, forehead with base of A1 (lateral); e, anal segment and cuadal rami (dorsal); f, distal segments of A1; g, P5 (anterior); h, left P5 (lateral view).

Species Paracalanus quasimodo - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : T.E. Bowman in Smithson. Contr. Zool., 1971, 96. [p.27, Fig.22, a].
Male: a, posterior prosome and genital segment (dorsal).
Nota: Genital segment with cluster of spinules on either side, orherwise identical with P. indicus.

Plate 5 issued from : K.S. Kesarkar & A.C. Anil in J. mar. Biol. Ass. UK, 2010, 90 (2); [p.406, Table 2].
Characteristics of females.

Species Paracalanus quasimodo - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : K.S. Kesarkar & A.C. Anil in J. mar. Biol. Ass. UK, 2010, 90 (2); [p.407, Fig.5, Q].
Female: Q, P5.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Björnberg, 1973 (p.304: Rem., 388); Kimmerer, 1993 (p.267, tab.2); Suarez Morales, 1994 b (tab.1); Eskinazi-Sant'Anna & Tundisi, 1996 (t.1,2); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1997 (p.1525); Bonecker & al., 1998 (p.31); Lopes & al., 1998 (p.195); Alvarez-Cadena & al., 1998 (tab.1,3); Mauchline, 1998 (tab. 62, 63); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.110); Lopes & al., 1999 (p.215, tab.1); Paffenhöfer & al., 1996 (p.1699, motion behavior); Neumann-Leitao & al., 1999 (p.153, tab.2); Ara, 2001 b (p.121); Dias & Bonecker, 2005 (p.100 + poster); Choi & al., 2005 (p.710: Tab.III) ; Araujo, 2006 (p.173, Tab.3): Sterza & Fernades, 2006 (p.95, Table 1, occurrence); Dias & Araujo, 2006 (p.64, Rem., chart); Neumann-Leitao & al., 2008 (p.799: Tab.II, fig.6); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Miyashita & al., 2009 (p.815, Tabl.II); Magalhaes & al., 2009 (p.187, Table 1, %); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Magris & al., 2011 (p.260, abundance, interannual variability); Selifonova, 2011 a (p.77, Table 1, alien species in Black Sea); Costa R.G. da & al., 2011 (p.364, Table 1, seasonal occurrence); Pinheiro & al., 2011 (p.425, abundance vs season); Almeida LR. & al., 2012 (p.13, Table 1, abundance); Miyashita & al., 2012 (p.1557, Table 2: occurrence); Gubanova & al., 2013 (in press, p.4, Table 2); Cornils & Blanco-Bercial, 2013 (p.861, Table 1, molecular analysis, figs.3, 4, 5); Garbosa da Costa & al., 2013 (p.756, Table 1, abundance vs tide); Bonecker & a., 2014 (p.445, Table II: frequency, horizontal & vertical distributions); Dias & al., 2015 (p.483, Table 2, abundance, biomass, production, Table 4: % vs. season, fig.8); Araujo & al., 2016 (p.1, Table 3, abundance, %) ; Rosa J.C.L. & al., 2016 (p.67, abundance, feeding, Rem.: p.71); Marques-Rojas & Zoppi de Roa, 2017 (p.495, Table 1, Rem.: p.502, abundance); Atique & al., 2017 (p.1, Table 1, fig.8, Rem.: p./11); Dias & al., 2018 (p.1, Tables 2, 5: vertical distribution, abundance vs. season); Dias & al., 2018 a (p.189, Rem.: p.196).

Distribution

NZ: 5 + 1 doubtful

Distribution map of Paracalanus quasimodo by geographical zones

Distribution map of Paracalanus quasimodo for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Additional Maps & Charts

Species Paracalanus quasimodo - Distribution map 3

Map 3 issued from : C. de O. Dias & A.V. Araujo in Atlas Zoopl. reg. central da Zona Econ. exclus. brasileira, S.L. Costa Bonecker (Edit), 2006, Série Livros 21. [p.64].
Chart of occurrence in Brazilian waters (sampling between 22°-23° S).
Nota: 372 specimens.

Map 4 Issued from : J. da Cruz Lopes de Rosa, W.M. Monteiro-Ribas & L. Dias de AlmeidaFernandes in Br. J. Oceanogr., 2016, 64 (1). [p.70, Table 2].
Paracalanus quasimodo density (inds. m3).
Samples collected monthly on days of full moon at Cabo Frio, Brazil (23.8° S, 42.018 °W) from January to December 2011, by horizontal hauls (1 m depth).
The dominance of P. quasimodo was due to its emphasis on herbivory (R2 = 0.83) and lead to a decrease in the planktonic diversity (R2 = 0.63).
The results revealed that predation by carnivorous copepods , like Corycaeus spp. and Oncaea spp, is the main opposing factor affecting P. quasimodo dominance (R2 = 0.70

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Brazil (Paranagua Bay, off Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Bay, Campos Basin, Canaeia Lagoon, Mucuri estuary, Cabo Frio, Vitoria Bay, Vitoria - Cabo de Sao Tomé, Camamu, Guarairas Lagoon Recife, off Natal, Curuça estuary, Caeté Estuary, Amazon Estuary, Ajuruteua Beach), Caribbean Colombia, Bahia de Mochima (Venezuela), Caribbean Sea (Chetumal Bay), Yucatan (Ascension Bay), G. of Mexico, Florida, New York (in Judkins & al., 1980, p.674, as P. quasimodi), Chile (Björnberg, 1973; Rosales & Sepulveda, 1992: Valparaiso), ? Japan (cf. Uye, 1991, p.627; Uye & Shibuno, 1994; Liang & Uye, 1996), Oregon, California: Tomales Bay (in Kimmerer, 1993), Medit. (off W Jalitha Is., Black Sea)

Data from Cornils & Blanco-Bercial (2013): 37°30'N; 8°10'W

Quotations

N: 41

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(436) F: 1; M: ?; (202) F: 0,82-0,75; M: 0,82; {F: 0,75-1,00; M: 0,82}

The mean female size is 0.857 (n = 3; SD = 0.1290) and the mean male size near of 0.82. The size ratio (male : female) is more or less of 0.957. The sex ratio (female: male) is 1.

Remarks

Reported mistakenly from the Western Mediterranean in Ounissi & Khelifi-Touhami (1999, p.10).
Certain confusions are possible between this species and P. parvus or P. indicus.
The presence of this species in San Francisco could have been by introduction in ship's ballast waters, like in the Sino-Japanese waters.
After Rosa J.C.L. & al. (3016, p.71), this species has been cited as one of the most abundant species in coastal waters of Brazul, and mentioned as indicative of cold water.

Last update : 12/02/2021

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