Phaenna spinifera - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Phaenna spinifera Claus, 1863 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

details

Superfamily Clausocalanoidea

details

Family Phaennidae

details

Genus Phaenna

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

? Onchocalanus latus Esterly, 1911 (p.326, figs.F); 1912 (tab.10); 1913 (p.183, figs.F); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.235, figs.F);
Onchocalanus nudipes C.B. Wilson, 1942 a (p.199, Descr.F, figs.F, [fig.83: juv.M); 1950 (p.273); Fagetti, 1962 (p.23)

References

List of the studied authors

Claus, 1863 (p.189, figs.F,M); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.293, 774, figs.F,M); Thompson, 1888 d (p.142); T. Scott, 1894 b (p.81, figs.M); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.50, Rem. F,M); Thompson & Scott, 1903 (p.234, 246); Wolfenden, 1904 (p.111, 112); Farran, 1908 b (p.47) ; A. Scott, 1909 (p.80); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.285); With, 1915 (p.241, figs.F, Rem.F,M); Pesta, 1920 (p.514); Farran, 1926 (p.268); 1929 (p.209, 255); Sewell, 1929 (p.175); Rose, 1933 a (p.126, figs.F,M); Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.54, figs.F); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.24); Vervoort, 1950 b (p.83, figs.F,M, juv.M, Rem.); Chiba, 1956 (p.32, figs.juv.F); Tanaka, 1960 a (p.85, figs. juv.F); Grice, 1962 (p.203, fig.F); Chen & Zhang, 1965 (p.57, figs.F,M); Vervoort, 1965 (p.25, Rem.); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.57, figs.F,M); Mazza, 1967 (p.174, figs.F,M, juv.); Park, 1968 (p.554); Vidal, 1968 (p.30, figs.F); Corral Estrada, 1970 (p.156; Bradford, 1970 a (p.355, figs.M); 1972 (p.40, fig.F); Razouls, 1972 (p.94, Annexe: p.52, figs.F,M); Bradford, 1973 (p.137, Rem.F,M, fig.2a); Marques, 1974 (p.15); 1976 (p.991); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.635, figs.F,M); Zheng & al., 1982 (p.40, figs.F); Park, 1983 a (p.318, figs.F); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.70, figs.F,M); Roe, 1984 (p.357); Tanaka & Omori, 1992 (p.268); Mazzocchi & al., 1995 (p.188, figs.F, Rem.); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.854, Pl.137: F); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.880, 928, 929, figs.F,M); Conway & al., 2003 (p.188, figs.F,M, Rem.); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.159, figs.F); Mulyadi, 2004 (p.187, figs.F, Rem.);Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.687, figs.F,M, Rem.); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.1, Table 103, molecular biology, phylogeny); Soh & al; (p.74, figs.F); Laakmann & al., 2019 (p.330, fig. 2, 3, phylogenetic relationships)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : J.M. Bradford, L. Haakonssen & J.B. Jillett in Mem. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1983, 90. [p.62, Fig.34].
Female: A, habitus (dorsal); B, idem (lateral right side); C, A1; D, A2; E, Md (mandibular palp); F, Md (cutting blade).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : J.M. Bradford, L. Haakonssen & J.B. Jillett in Mem. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1983, 90. [p.63, Fig.34 (legend p.62)].
Female: G, Mx1; H, Mx2; I, Mxp; J, P1; K, P2; L, P3; M, P4.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : J.M. Bradford, L. Haakonssen & J.B. Jillett in Mem. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1983, 90. [p.64, Fig.35 (legend p.65)].
Male: A, habitus (dorsal); B, idem (lateral left side); C, A1; D, A2; E, Md (mandibular palp); F, Mx1; G, Mx2.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : J.M. Bradford, L. Haakonssen & J.B. Jillett in Mem. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1983, 90. [p.65, Fig.35].
Male: H, Mxp; I, P1; J, P2; K, P3; L, P4; M, P5.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 issued from : T. Park in Antarct. Res. Ser. Washington, 1983, 39 (5). [p.320, Fig.1].
Female (from southern coast of W Australia): a, habitus (dorsal); b, idem ( lateral left side); c, urosome (lateral left side); d, rostrum (anterior view); e, A2; f, Md; g, Mx1; h, Mx2.

Nota: 1st matasomal segment fully separate from head, 4th and 5th only partially fused close to ventral margin.

Plate 6 issued from : T. Park in Antarct. Res. Ser. Washington, 1983, 39 (5). [p321, Fig.2].
Female: a, Mxp; b, P1 (anterior); c, P2 (posterior); d, P3 (posterior); e, P4 (posterior).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 issued from : J.M. Bradford in N.Z. Jl Mar. Freshw. Res., 1970, 4 (4). [p.355, Figs 24-25].
Male (off Kaikoura, New Zealand): 24, P3; 25, P5.
Scale bars represent 0.1 mm.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.189, Fig.3.33.1].
Female: A, habitus (dorsal); B, urosome (lateral left side).
Nota: head and 1st thoracic segment separated, 4th and 5th incompletely separated. Lateral thoracic somites 3 and 4 with a rather long sensillum on either side. Ventral surface of urosomal somites ornated with stout setae (this ornementation is fragile and can easily be lost in fixed specimens).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.190, Fig.3.33.2].
Female (SEM preparation): A, habitus (dorsal); B, cephalothorax (ventral ); C, forehead (frontal view); D, urosome (dorsal); E, idem (ventral).
Bars: A, B, D 0.100 mm; C, E 0.050 mm.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from: Q.-c Chen & S.-z. Zhang in Studia Marina Sinica, 1965, 7. [Pl.17, 9-12].
Female (from E China Sea): 9, habitus (dorsal); 10, idem (lateral left side).

Male: 11, habitus (dorsal); 12, P5 (posterior).

Plate 11 issued from : C.B. Wilson in Scientific Results of Cruise VII of the Carnegie during 1928-1929. Biology-I. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 536, 1942. [p.227, Fig.74]. As Onchocalanus nudipes.
Female: 74, Mx2.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 12 of morphological figures

Plate 12 issued from : Z. Zheng, S. Li, S.J. Li & B. Chen in Marine planktonic copepods in Chinese waters. Shanghai Sc. Techn. Press, 1982 [p.40, Fig.23].
Female: a-b, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); c, P3.
Scale bars in mm.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 13 of morphological figures

Plate 13 issued from : T. Mori in The pelagic Copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (2nd edit., 1964). [Pl.27, Figs.9-15].
Female: 9, P2 (posterior); 10, P3 (posterior); 11, P4 (posterior); 12, Mx1; 13, P1; 14, habitus (dorsal); 15, A2.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 14 of morphological figures

Plate 14 issued from : J.M. Bradford in Mem. N. Z. Oceonogr. Inst., 1972, 54. [p.42, Fig.9, (5)].
Female (from Kaikoura, New Zealand): 5, habitus (dorsal).
Scale bar: 1mm.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 issued from : G.D. Grice in Fish. Bull. Fish and Wildl. Ser., 1962, 61. [p.204, Pl.15, Fig.1].
Female (from equatorial Pacific): 1, habitus (doprsal).
Nota: Genital segment with a large protrusion on the right side from which arises a smaller spine-like process.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 16 of morphological figures

Plate 16 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.12, Figs.2, 3, 8, 36].
Female: 2, A2 (anterior surface); 3, Palp of Md (anterior surface); 8, Mxp (anterior surface); 36, Mx1 (posterior view).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 17 of morphological figures

Plate 17 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.12, Fig.4].
Female: 4, P3 (posterior view).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 18 of morphological figures

Plate 18 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.12, Figs.5, 35].
Male: 5, P5 (posterior view); 35, Mx1 ( (anterior view).
Ps = left leg; Pd = right leg.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 19 of morphological figures

Plate 19 issued from : C. With in The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, Copepoda I, 1915, III, 4. [p.242, Text-fig. 79].
Female (from 51°00N, 11°43'W): Lateral outline of body).

Nota: In some of spexcimens the head possesses, dorsally, a conical protuberance.
Length of prosome: 2.42 mm, urosome: 0.48 mm.
The legs are scarcely different from Giesbrecht’s description. The outer margin of the 3rd exopodal segment of P1 has proximally to the middle a small incision and a glandular pore. On the anterior surface of the 3rd endoppodal segment of P2 and P3 a minute glandular pore, but in P4 none was seen. At the base of the outer spine in the exopodal segment 2, and at the base of the outer seta 1 and 3 of exopodal segment 3, glandular pores were found in P2, and in P3 and P4 at the base of the outer spine of exopodal 1. The endopodal segments 2-3, which are fused in P2, possess on the posterior surface two coronas of 8 and 6 long ; spines respectively; the endopodal segments 2 and 3 of P3 have 8 and 6 spines respectively ; the endopodal segment 2 of P4 has 6 long rather weak spines.

Male: Length of prosome: 1.89 mm, urosome: 0.37 mm. The prosome did not possess a lamelliform projection, as figured by Giesbrecht; no dorsal protuberance.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 20 of morphological figures

Plate 20 issued from : C. With in The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, Copepoda I, 1915, III, 4. [Pl. VII, Fig.1, a-c].
Female: a, rostrum (anterior view); b, labrum (oral view); c, lamina labialis and serrula 6-dentata.

Nota: The very short labrum and the elevation in front of it are only indistinctly separated, and the latter is placed behind the insertion of the A1; the epistoma is covered by a number of longer and shorter setae; on the labrum proper a transverse group of fairly short setae; the marginal setae are only poorly developed. The oral surface (fig.b) (fig.b) has in front 4 longer and shorter oblique groups of shorter hairs converging towards the middle, and more posteriorly, probably composed of the 3 hinder, a longitudinally placed elongated group of short hairs; in the middle at least 3 groups of very short hairs or granules. The lamina labialis is only poorly developed (fig.c); in front of it a regular granular area; the area behind the lamina and on the labial lobes not studied in details.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 21 of morphological figures

Plate 21 issued from : H.B. Owre & M. Foyo in Fauna Caribaea, 1967, 1, Crustacea, 1: Copepoda. Copepods of the Florida Current. [p.23, Fig.91].
Female: 91, habitus (dorsal).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 22 of morphological figures

Plate 22 issued from : H.B. Owre & M. Foyo in Fauna Caribaea, 1967, 1, Crustacea, 1: Copepoda. Copepods of the Florida Current. [p.50, Figs.292, 293]. After Sars, 1925 and Giesbrecht, 1892, respectively.
Male: 292, prosome (dorsal); 293, P5.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 23 of morphological figures

Plate 23 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.37, Figs.20, 21].
Female: 20, forehead (ventral); 21, same (lateral).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 24 of morphological figures

Plate 24 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.37, Figs.17, 19].
Female: 17, urosome (ventral); 19, thoracic segments 4-5 and urosomal segment 1-2 (lateral).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 25 of morphological figures

Plate 25 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.12, Fig.37].
Female: 37, Md (cutting edge of gnathobase).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 26 of morphological figures

Plate 26 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.12, Fig.6].
Male: 6, A1 (ventral view).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 27 of morphological figures

Plate 27 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.12, Fig.1].
Male: 1, Mxp (anterior view).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 28 of morphological figures

Plate 28 issued from : C.B. Wilson in Scientific Results of Cruise VII of the Carnegie during 1928-1929. Biology-I. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ., 1942, n° 536. [p.227, Figs.71-83]. As Onchocalanus nudipes.
Female (from Pacific): 71, habitus (dorsal); 72, A2; 73, Mx1; 74, Mx2; 75, Mxp; 76, P1; 77, endopod of P1 (enlarged); 78, P1 from another specimen; 79, P2; 80, P2 from another specimen); 81, P3; 82, P4; 83, P5.

Nota: Probably fig.83 is the P5 from juvenile male and an error in the legend (p.226), or an intersex form. After the author numerpous stages of development were taken in the eastern, central, and western parts of the tropical Pacific. No adult males were obtained, althrough some of the younger stages were probably undeveloped males. See in Vervoort's (1950 b, p.83) commentaries concerning the synonymy and the redescription of this species.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 29 of morphological figures

Plate 29 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.84, Fig.1].
Female (from ''Carnegie'' collection, 1°32'S, 82°16'W): a, habitus (dorsal view); b, urosome (lateral view from left side; c, left Md (mandibular palpus).

Nota: Urosome very short, 4-segmented, the 4th (anal) segment completely telescoped into the preceding. Proportional length of segments and caudal rami 44 : 19 : 15 : 4 : 18 = 100. Urosomal segments with some scattered hair-like scales of characteristic appearance.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 30 of morphological figures

Plate 30 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.85, Fig.2].
Female: a, urosome (dorsal); b, same (ventral); c, head (lateral); d, A2 (posterior surface).

Nota: Genital segment ventrally with a broadly rounded genital flap, covering the orifices of 2 small, scarcely visible receptacles.

Rem.: After Vervvort (1950, p.86) Wilson's drawings of the A2, Mx1, Mx2 and Mxp all are very inaccurate with regards to the number of setae on the various lobes and segments.

Plate 31 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.85, Fig.3].
Female: a, left Md (manducatory plate, interior surface); b, left Mx1 (posterior surface); c, left Mxp (anterior surface).

Nota: Mx1 small; 1st inner lobe elongated, carrying 6 strong, more or less plumose setiform spines and 4 smaller setae, one of which is very small and delicate; 2nd inner lobe with 1 single seta; 3rd inner lobe with 3 setae; 1st outer lobe with 9 strong, plumose setae; exopod with 5 setae; 2nd basal segment with 3 setae; endopod with 6 setae, the jointing between the endopodal joints is indistinct, but apparently there is 1 seta on the 1st, 1 on the 2nd and 4 on the 3rd (terminal ) joint.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 32 of morphological figures

Plate 32 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.87, Fig.4, b].
Female: b, right Mx2 (interior surface).

Nota: Mx2 strongly developed. 1st basal segment carries 4 lobes, on the 1st lobe there are 4 setae of about equal length and 1 smaller seta, on the 2nd lobe there are 3 equal setae, on the 3rd 2 subequal setae, and on the 4th 1 strong, spinulose seta and a much smaller and shorter seta. The denticles on the last mentioned strong seta on the 4th lobe are minute. 2nd basal segment terminating into a single (5th) lobe, which carries a strong, curved, spiniform seta (this seta is much longer than the other setae, there are rather coarse denticles along the convex border, from the apex down to about half its length), in addition there are 2 muvch smaller setae on the 5th lobe. The segmentation of the endopod is very indistinct; there are 6 brush-shaped sensory appendages and 2 much longer, filiform appendages (the extremities of these sensory filaments are coverd by a mucous layer. There is no seta along the external margin of Mx2.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 33 of morphological figures

Plate 33 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.90, Fig.5].
Female: a, left P1; b, left P2; c, left P3; d, left P4
Of all legs the posterior surface has been figured. b, c, d at the same scale; a: magnified twofold from the others.

After vervoort (1950, p.86) the figures of P3 and P4 apparently have been changed in Wilson's paper (fig.81 represents P4, fig.82 the P3.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 34 of morphological figures

Plate 34 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.90, Fig.6, b].
Male: b, adult habitus (dorsal aspect).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 35 of morphological figures

Plate 35 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.90, Fig.6, a].
Male 5th copepodid stage: a, urosome (dorsal view).

Plate 36 issued from : W. Vervoort in Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet., 1950, LIII, 1. [p.87, Fig.4, a].
Male 5th copepodid stage: a, P5 (anterior surface).

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 37 of morphological figures

Plate 37 issued from : Mulyadi in Published by Res. Center Biol., Indonesia Inst. Sci. Bogor, 2004. [p.188, Fig.107].
Female (from East Indonesian Seas): a, habitus (dorsal); b, urosome (dorsal); c, P1; d, P2.

Male: e, habitus (dorsal); f, P5.

Nota Female: Exopod segment 2 armed with transverse rows of acicular spines on posterior surface. P5 absent.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 38 of morphological figures

Plate 38 Issued from : O. Tanaka in Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1960, VIII (1). [p.85, Fig.1].
Immature female (from Sagami, middle Japan): a, habitus (dorsal); b, distal segments of Mx2; c, P1; d, P2.
Nota: Body size = 1.81 mm.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 39 of morphological figures

Plate 39 Issued from : H.Y. Soh, S.Y. Moon & J.H. Wi in Invertebrate Fauna of Korea (eds) Incheon: NIBR, 2013, 21 (28). [p.76, Fig.43].
Female (from Korean waters): A-B, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); C, forehead (ventral); D, urosome (ventral).
Scale bars: A, B = 400 µm; C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm.

Species Phaenna spinifera - Plate 40 of morphological figures

Plate 40 Issued from : H.Y. Soh, S.Y. Moon & J.H. Wi in Invertebrate Fauna of Korea (eds) Incheon: NIBR, 2013, 21 (28). [p.77, Fig.44].
Female: A, P1; B, P2; C, P3; D, P4.
Scale bars: 100 µm.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Cleve, 1904 a (p.194); Pearson, 1906 (p.21, Rem.); Wilson, 1942 a (p.202); 1950 (p.285); Yamazi, 1958 (p.149, Rem.); Fagetti, 1962 (p.22); Gaudy, 1962 (p.93, 99, Rem.: p.107); Duran, 1963 (p.16); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); Gaudy, 1963 (p.23, Rem.); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.13); Shmeleva, 1965 b (p.1350, lengths-volume -weight relation); Mazza, 1966 (p.70); Pavlova, 1966 (p.43); Ehrhardt, 1967 (p.738, geographic distribution, Rem.); Fleminger, 1967 a (tabl.1); Delalo, 1968 (p.138); Evans, 1968 (p.14); Berdugo & Kimor, 1968 (p.448); Dowidar & El-Maghraby, 1970 (p.269); Morris, 1970 (p.2300); Deevey, 1971 (p.224); Bainbridge, 1972 (p.61, Appendix Table III: occurrence); Apostolopoulou, 1972 (p.327, 349); Binet & al., 1972 (p.55); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, tabl.2); Björnberg, 1973 (p.330, 388); Corral Estrada & Pereiro Muñoz, 1974 (tab.I); Vives & al., 1975 (p.42, tab.II); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.256, tab.2, Station "S"); Carter, 1977 (1978) (p.35); Dessier, 1979 (p.205); Vaissière & Séguin, 1980 (p.23, tab.3); Porumb, 1980 (p.168); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.83); Vives, 1982 (p.291); Dessier, 1983 (p.89, Tableau 1, Rem., %); Turner & Dagg, 1983 (p.16, 22); De Decker, 1984 (p.316); Brenning, 1984 (p.3, Rem.); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1984 (p.1044); Cummings, 1984 (p.163, Table 2); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Almeida Prado Por, 1985 (p.250); Brenning, 1985 a (p.28, Table 2); Brinton & al., 1986 (p.228, Table 1); Chen Y.-Q., 1986 (p.205, Table 1: abundance %, Table 2: vertical distribution); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Jimenez-Perez & Lara-Lara, 1988; Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.58); Hernandez-Trujillo, 1989 a (tab.1); Cervantes-Duarte & Hernandez-Trujillo, 1989 (tab.3); Heinrich, 1990 (p.17); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1990 (p.305, fig.5: vertical distribution night/day; fig.7: cluster); Suarez & al., 1990 (tab.2); Suarez & Gasca, 1991 (tab.2); Hernandez-Trujillo, 1991 (1993) (tab.I); Suarez, 1992 (App.1); Seguin & al., 1993 (p.23); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.71); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1997 (p.1525); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.101); Gilabert & Moreno, 1998 (tab.1, 2); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.110); Smith S. & al., 1998 (p.2369, Table 6, moonsoon effects); Neumann-Leitao & al., 1999 (p.153, tab.2); Siokou-Frangou, 1999 (p.476); Lapernat, 2000 (tabl.3, 4); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, Appendix); El-Sherif & Aboul Ezz, 2000 (p.61, Table 3: occurrence); Moraitou-Apostolopoulou & al., 2000 (tab.I); Lopez-Salgado & al., 2000 (tab.1); Holmes, 2001 (p.56, Rem.); Hidalgo & Escribano, 2001 (p.159, tab.2); Sameoto & al., 2002 (p.13); Beaugrand & al., 2002 (p.179, figs.5, 6); Vukanic, 2003 (139, tab.1); Hwang & al., 2003 (p.193, tab.2); Shimode & Shirayama, 2004 (tab.2); Hsiao & al., 2004 (p.326, tab.1); Gallienne & al., 2004 (p.5, tab.3); Lo & al., 2004 (p.89, tab.1); Zuo & al., 2006 (p.162: tab.1); Lavaniegos & Jiménez-Pérez, 2006 (p.151, tab.2, 4, Rem.); Dur & al., 2007 (p.197, Table IV); Khelifi-Touhami & al., 2007 (p.327, Table 1); Jitlang & al., 2008 (p.65, Table 1); Ayon & al., 2008 (p.238, Table 4: Peruvian samples); Cabal & al., 2008 (289, Table 1); Neumann-Leitao & al., 2008 (p.799: Tab.II, fig.6); Morales-Ramirez Suarez-Morales, 2008 (p.521); Gaard & al., 2008 (p.59, Table 1, N Mid-Atlantic Ridge); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Williamson & McGowan, 2010 (p.273, Table III, Pacific central gyres: N & S); Hernandez-Trujillo & al., 2010 (p.913, Table 2); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2010 (p.2064, Table 2: E Atlantic subtropical/tropical); Hidalgo & al., 2010 (p.2089, Table 2); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.426); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Hsiao S.H. & al., 2011 (p.475, Appendix I); Selifonova, 2011 a (p.77, Table 1, alien species in Black Sea); Tutasi & al., 2011 (p.791, Table 2, abundance distribution vs La Niña event); Shiganova & al., 2012 (p.61, Table 4); Uysal & Shmeleva, 2012 (p.909, Table I); Salah S. & al., 2012 (p.155, Tableau 1); Dorgham & al., 2012 (p.473, Table 4: abundance vs season); Palomares-Garcia & al., 2013 (p.1009, Table I, V, abundance vs environmental factors); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.); Hirai & al., 2013 (p.1, Table I, molecular marker); Lidvanov & al., 2013 (p.290, Table 2, % composition); Zakaria & al., 2016 (p.1, Table 1); Benedetti & al., 2016 (p.159, Table I, fig.1, functional characters); Jerez-Guerrero & al., 2017 (p.1046, Table 1: temporal occurrence) ; El Arraj & al., 2017 (p.272, table 2, spatial distribution); Benedetti & al., 2018 (p.1, Fig.2: ecological functional group); Belmonte, 2018 (p.273, Table I: Italian zones); Chaouadi & Hafferssas, 2018 (p.913, Table II: occurrence).

Distribution

NZ: 21

Distribution map of Phaenna spinifera by geographical zones

Distribution map of Phaenna spinifera for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Phaenna spinifera for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Phaenna spinifera for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Distribution map of Phaenna spinifera and for the Zone Sub-Antarctic

Additional Maps & Charts

Map 6 issued from : A.A. Shmeleva in Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco, 1965, 65 (n°1351). [Table 6: 22 ]. Phaenna spinifera (from South Adriatic).
Dimensions, volume and Weight wet. Means for 50-60 specimens. Volume and weight calculated by geometrical method. Assumed that the specific gravity of the Copepod body is equal to 1, then the volume will correspond to the weight.

Map 7 Issued from : M. Madhupratap & P. Haridas in J. Plankton Res., 12 (2). [p.312, Fig.5].
Vertical distribution of calanoid copepod (mean +1 SE), abundance No/100 m³. 46- Phaenna spinifera.
Night: shaded, day: unshaded.
Samples collected from 6 stations located off Cochin (India), SE Arabian Sea, November 1983, with a Multiple Closing Plankton Net (mesh aperture 300 µm), in vertical hauls at 4 depth intervalls (0-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-1000 m).

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Cosmopolite (tropical et temperate): South Africa (S & E), Atlant., G. of Guinea, Brazil (off Natal), Caribbean Sea, Caribbean Colombia, Yucatan, G. of Mexico, Florida, off Bermuda: Station "S" (32°10'N, 64°30'W), Long Island, off E Nova Scotia, G. of Guinea, off NW Cape Verde Is., off Morocco-Mauritania, Cap Ghir (Morocco), Canary Is., off Madeira, Azores, Bay of Biscay, off W Cabo Finisterre, off W Ireland, Ibero-moroccan Bay, Medit. (Alboran Sea, Sidi Fredj coast, Gulf of Annaba, Banyuls, G. of Lion, Marseille, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Napoli, Messina, Malta, Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Lebanon Basin, W Egyptian coast, Alexandria, Black Sea), Sharm El-Sheikh, Safaga, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Natal, Mascarene Basin, Rodrigues Is. - Seychelles, off SW Sri Lanka, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Celebes Sea, Banda Sea, Ambon Bay (SW Ceram Is.), China Seas (East China Sea, South China Sea), Korea, Taiwan (SW, E, N: Mienhua Canyon), Japan (Tanabe Bay), Vancouver Is., Pacif. (W equatorial), Pacific (central gyres: N & S), BaJa California (Bahia Magdalena, W), Gulf of California, W Costa Rica, Bahia Cupica (Colombia), Galapagos-Ecuador, Peru, Chile (N-S, Mejillones Peninsula); Also sub-Antarct. (Pacif. SE), Straits of Magellan (Pacific area)

Quotations

N: 190

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(7) F: 2,9; M: 2,26; (9) F: 2,3; 2,05; M: 2,5; (15) F: 2,22-2,2; (16) F: 2,3-2,13; (35) F: 2,23; M: 2,1; (36) F: 2,88-3,02; (38) F: 2,34; M: 2,22; (46) F: 2,1-1,8; M: 1,8; (57) F: 2,25; (72) F: 2,4-1,84; M: 1,94; (101) F: 1,9-1,6; (116) F: 2,2; (180) F: 1,82; (187) F: 2,12; (199) F: 2,2-1,98; M: 1,98; (207) F: 1,94-1,89; (231) M: 2,5; (290) F: 1,9-2; M: 1,9-1,95; (313) M: 2,5; (333) F: 1,5; (335) F: 1,71; (447) F: 2,07; M: 1,89; (449) F: 2,1-1,8; M: 1,8; (867) F: 1,6-2,73; (991) F: 1,5-2,9; M: 1,8-2,5; (1023) F: 1,89; (1111) F: 2,16; (1122) F: 2,1; (1174) F: 2,45; {F: 1,50-3,02; M: 1,80-2,50}

Remarks

epi-mesopelagic.
Sampling depth (sub-Antarct.) : 250 m. Sargasso Sea: 0-500 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, station "S");
With (1915) reports the presence of a small bump dorsally on the cephalosome of certain individuals. Characteristic observed as well offshore the Algerian coast (Kerzabi, 1999, comm. pers). The specimens from Mazzocchi & al. (1995) are longer than generally reported in the literature.
After Benedetti & al. (2018, p.1, Fig.2) this species belonging to the functional group 4 corresponding to small filter feeding herbivorous and mixed feeding omnivorous (mostly broadcasters).

See in DVP Conway & al., 2003 (version 1)

Last update : 28/10/2022

Contributor Remarks

to add or edit your remark

By Claudia Castellani 2013-02-07 13:29:37 ( Citation of this remark )

Â Dear Nicolas, we were wondering why Onchocalanus nudipes (who has a P5 in female , see Wilson 1942) Â was included as a synonim of Phaenna spinifera since this species has been reported as not having a P5 in the female by Bradford et al., Â (1983) and in Boxshall and Â Halsey (2004). Thank you very much for your help. Â Claudia and Marianne Answer of Claude Razouls As I have the publication of Wilson at my disposal, I brought the necessary details in the database (see above in Phaenna spinifera Species Card). Therefore I inserted all figures of Wilson. Thank you for your comments, it is always useful, but there was no error, otherwise always refer when possible to the original document. It is not possible to me to do all the detailed analysis for each listed species, which sometimes involves shortcuts. At times I make some changes or corrections to the figures given by the authors, but I limit the maximum in order to not denature their data. This shows that the best authors also had their lot of inaccuracies. This applies to the drawings of the authors, and also to provided geographical locations. Hence the caution to take "as is" references in Compl. Ref., and also in synonyms.