Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus Giesbrecht, 1888 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Clausocalanoidea

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Family Scolecitrichidae

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Genus Scolecitrichopsis

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Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Scolecithrix ctenopus Giesbrecht, 1888; 1892 (p.266, 285, 775, Descr.M, figs.M); T. Scott, 1894 b (p.48, figs.M); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.46, Rem. M); Sars, 1925 (p.175); Farran, 1936 a (p.95, figs.F, Rem.); Bradford, 1973 (p.141, 146, Rem.); Campaner, 1979 (p.86, Rem.); Bradford & al., 1983 (p.103); Palomares Garcia & Vera, 1995 (tab.1); Kazmi, 2004 (p.229);
Scolecithricella spinipedata Mori, 1937 (1964) (p.53, Descr.F, figs.F); Chiba & al., 1955 (p.192); Chiba & al., 1957 (p.308); Delalo, 1968 (p.138); Ohtsuka & al., 2015 (p.123, Rem.: p.125);
Scolecithrix longicornis T. Scott, 1894 b (p.50, figs.F); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.45); Sewell, 1948 (p.523);
Scolecithricella longicornis : A. Scott, 1909 (p.90, Rem.F);
Scolecithricella ctenopus : A. Scott, 1909 (p.91, Rem.M); Sewell, 1929 (p.212, figs.F); 1948 (p.384, 516, 523, 546, 557); Grice, 1962 (p.208, figs.F,M, juv., Rem.); Brodsky, 1962 c (p.125, figs.F,M); Tanaka, 1962 (p.53, figs.F,M); Chen & Zhang, 1965 (p.63, figs.M); Vervoort, 1965 (p.81, Rem.); Neto & Paiva, 1966 (p.24, Table III); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution in Kuroshio region, Table 9); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.61, figs.F,M); Fleminger, 1967 a (tabl.1); Binet & al., 1972 (p.69); Bainbridge, 1972 (p.61, Appendix Table I: vertical distribution vs day/night, Table II: %); Kos, 1972 (Vol. I, figs.F,M, Rem.); Carter, 1977 (1978) (p.35); Dessier, 1979 (p.205); Campaner, 1979 (p.86, Redef.); Sreekumaran Nair & al., 1981 (p.493), Stephen, 1984 (p.161, 169, Distribution vs thermocline & geographic); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Brenning, 1984 (p.5, Rem.); 1985 a (p.28, Table 2); Longhurst, 1985 (tab.2); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1986 (p.105, tab.1); Chen Y.-Q., 1986 (p.205, Table 1: abundance %, Table 2: vertical distribution); Jimenez-Perez & Lara-Lara, 1988; Hernandez-Trujillo, 1989 a (tab.1); Madhupratap & Haridas, 1990 (p.305, fig.5: vertical distribution Night/day; fig.7: cluster); Gopalakrishnan & Balachandran, 1992 (p.167, figs.1, 3, Table 1, 2); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.73); Padmavati & al., 1998 (p.349); Gopalakrishnan & Saraledevi, 1998 (p.134, fig.8, chart); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.111); Fernandez-Alamo & al., 2000 (p.1139, Appendix); Suarez-Morales & al., 2000 (p.751, tab.1); Madhupratap & al., 2001 (p. 1345, vertical distribution vs. O2, figs.4: clusters); Hernandez-Trujillo & Esqueda-Escargera, 2002 (in Appendix); Lopez-Ibarra & Palomares-Garcia, 2006 (p.63, Tabl. 1, seasonal abundance vs El-Niño); Jitlang & al., 2008 (p.65, Table 1); C.-Y. Lee & al., 2009 (p.151, Tab.2); Pillai H.U.K. & al., 2011 (p.239, Table 3, vertical distribution);
Scolecitrichopsus ctenopus : in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.)

References

List of the studied authors

Vyshkvartzeva, 1999 (2000) (p.221); Ohtsuka & al., 2015 (p.123, Table 2: as S. stenopus).

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : O. Tanaka in Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 1962, X (1). [p.54, Fig.136]. As Scolecithricella ctenopus.
Female: a, habitus (left lateral side); b, forehead (dorsal); c, last thoracic segment and urosome (dorsal); d, P2; e, P5.

Male: f, 5th pair of legs.

Nota Female:
- Head and 1st pedigerous segment fused but line of fusion clearly xisible, 4th and 5th thoracic segments fused.
- Posterolateral margin of the last thoracic segment produced into a small spine.
- Cephalothorax abiut 4.6 rimes the abdomen length.
- Abdomen 4-segmented; segments and caudal rami in the proportional lengths 54 : 13 : 10 : 6 : 17 = 100.
- Genital segment about as long as wide; ventral surface swollen and sinuate.
- Caudal rami as long as wide
- A1 23-segmented; extends to the distal margin of the abdomen.
- A2 exopod slightly longer than endopod (5 : 4).
- Md with exopod about as long as endopod.
- Mx1 with 7 setae on the outer lobe; 5+2 setae on endopod; 3 setae on the 2nd basal.
- Mx2 with 3 long and 6 short vermiform filaments on the terminal segments; the spine ob the 5th lobe (= 5th endite) slender and long.
- P1 without outer edge spine on the 1st exopodal segment; basal segments with no small spines on the posterior surface; endopod with a number of scattered spines on the distal part of the segment in posterior aspect.
- P2 indented on the outer margin of 1st basal segment (= coxa); the outer edge spine on the 1st exopodal segment very small; terminal spine of exopod slightly distorted, with 15 teeth.
- P3 with a number of scattered small spines near the inner margin on the coxa; The outer margin deeply notched about the middle; basis with a row of small spines on the inner margin; Terminal spine of exopod with 15 teeth, the spine distorted.
- P5 with 2 free segments attached to the basal; 1st segment about as long as the 2nd; 2nd segment terminates into a strong spine, and with an inner marginal spine finely dentated on the external margin; the segment carries several small spines along the distal outer margin. the 1st segment furnished with small spines on the distal margin; segment with a row of minute spines on the distal 1/3 of the segment.

Nota Male:
- Abdomen contained 2.8 times in the length of the cephalothorax;
- Posterolateral corners of last thoracic segment not pointed.
- Line of fusion between head and 1st thoracic segment detectable on the middorsal region.
- A1 20-segmented on the right side; extends to the distal end of the abdomen.
- P5: right leg very small. Left leg very long and slender; endopod absent; distal segment with 2 apical spines of which the outer marginal one is long and curved; the inner proximal margin of the segment provided with a comb-like row of slender spines.

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from: Q.-c Chen & S.-z. Zhang in Studia Marina Sinica, 1965, 7. [Pl.20, 1-3]. As Scolecuthricella ctenopus.
Male (from E China Sea): 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, idem (lateral right side); 3, P5 (posterior).

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : R.B.S. Sewell in Mem. Indian Mus., 1929, X. [p.214, Fig.79]. As Scolecithricella ctenopus.
Female (from S India): a, habitus (lateral left side); b, Mx2; c, Mxp; d, P1; e, P2; f, P3; f', idem (terminal spine enlarged); g, P5.

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : T. Mori in The pelagic Copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan, 1937 (2nd edit., 1964). [Pl.26, Figs.11-16]. As Scolecithricella spinipedata.
Female: 11, P2 (posterior); 12, habitus (lateral); 13, P5; 14, genital area; 15, P3 (posterior); 16, P4 (posterior).

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 13, Figs;36, 37, 38 ]. As .
Male: 36, P5 (posterior view); 37, right P5; 38, exopodite 2 and 3 of left leg of P5.

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.37, Fig15]. As Scolecithrix ctenopus.
Male: habitus (lateral).

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 issued from : G.D. Grice in Fish. Bull. Fish and Wildl. Ser., 1962, 61. [p.207, Pl.16, Figs.6-15]. As Scolecithricella ctenopus.
Female juvenile (from equatorial Pacific): 6, habitus (dorsal); 7, P5.

Female adult: 8-9, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); 10, posterior part of thorax and urosome (dorsal); 11, same (left side); 12, same (right side); 13, rostrum; 14, P5.
Nota: The female specimens fall into two size groups, the smaller of which is very similar to Farrn's small specimen. The head and thorax in this form are separated by a fine line (in Farran's specimen they were fused) and a faint line is also seen to separate the 4th and 5th thoracic segments (fig.6). Althought the P5 are fairly well diifferentiated, the genital segment is undevelopped in this small specimen. In the larger form (figs.8-14) the head and 1st thoracic segment are incompletely fused and the 4th and 5th thoracic segments are completely fused.

Male: 15, P5.

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 issued from : H.B. Owre & M. Foyo in Fauna Caribaea, 1, Crustacea, 1: Copepoda. Copepods of the Florida Current. [p.60, Fig;378]. As Scolecithricella ctenopus.
Female14°55'-15°00'N, 64°50'-67°05'W): 378, habitus (lateral).

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 issued from : H.B. Owre & M. Foyo in Fauna Caribaea, 1, Crustacea, 1: Copepoda. Copepods of the Florida Current. [p.25, Fig.113]. As Scolecithricella ctenopus.
Female: P5.

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from : H.B. Owre & M. Foyo in Fauna Caribaea, 1, Crustacea, 1: Copepoda. Copepods of the Florida Current. [p.23, Figs.95-97]. As .
Male: P5; 96, detail of P5; 97, distal segment of left P5.

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 Issued from : M.C. Kos in Field guide for plankton. Zool Institute USSR Acad., Vol. I, 1972.
As Scolecithricella ctenopus after Brodsky, 1962.
Female; 1, habitus (dorsal); 3, same (lateral); 4-5, abdomen (lateral and ventral, respectively); 7, Mx2; 8, P3 exopodite; 9, P5.
Male: 2, habitus (dorsal); 6, left P5; 10, P5; 11, right P5.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Uysal & al., 2002 (p.18, tab.1); Kuriyama & Nishida, 2006 (p.293, 300: Tab.II, fig. 10, vertical distribution); Fernandes, 2008 (p.465, Tabl.2); Cornils & al., 2010 (p.2076, Table 3); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2010 (p.2064, Table 2: E Atlantic subtropical/tropical); Dorgham & al., 2012 (p.473, Table 4: abundance vs season).

Distribution

NZ: 14

Distribution map of Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus by geographical zones

Distribution map of Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Additional Maps & Charts

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Distribution map 5

Map 5 issued from : Gopalakrishnan & Saraledevi in Pelagic Biogeography ICoPB II. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. Final report of SCOR/IOC working group 93. Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands 9-14 July 1995. Workshop Report No.142. UNESCO, 1998. [p.134, Fig.8].
Distribution and abundance in number of specimens/standard haul of Scolecithricella ctenopus (= Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus) in the Indian Ocean.

Species Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus - Distribution map 6

Map 6 issued from : U. Brenning in Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock - 33. Jahrgang 1984. Mat.-nat. wiss. Reihe, 6. [p.6, Fig.2].
Spatial distribution for Scolecithricella ctenopus (= Scolecithrix ctenopus) and other scolecithrids from 8° S - 26° N; 16°- 20° W, for different expeditions (V1: Dec. 1972- Jan. 1973; V2: Feb/Mar. 1973; VI: May 1974; IV: Jun./Jul. 1972).

Map 7 Issued from : M. Madhupratap & P. Haridas in J. Plankton Res., 12 (2). [p.312, Fig.5].
Vertical distribution of calanoid copepod (mean +1 SE), abundance No/100 m³. 48- As Scolecithricella (= Scolecithrichopsis) ctenopus.
Night: shaded, day: unshaded.
Samples collected from 6 stations located off Cochin (India), SE Arabian Sea, November 1983, with a Multiple Closing Plankton Net (mesh aperture 300 µm), in vertical hauls at 4 depth intervalls (0-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-1000 m).

Localisations

Geographical glossary

South Africa (E), Angola (Baia Farta), Congo, G. of Guinea, Ivorian shelf, off Senegal, off Amazon, Venezuela, Caribbean Sea, Caribbean, Florida, E Medit. (Lebanon Basin), Sharm El-Sheikh, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, off S Laccadive Is., Natal, Indian (N, SW & equatorial, E India, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea (Batten Island), Indonesia-Malaysia, SW Celebes; China Seas (East China Sea, South China Sea), Taiwan (NW), Japan, Bikini Is., Pacif. (W equatorial), Australia (Great Barrier), Pacif. (equatorial), California, W Baja California, Bahia Magdalena (rare), G. of California, W Mexico, G. of Tehuantepec, off W Guatemala

Quotations

N: 67

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(16) F: 1,49-1,43; M: 1,65-1,45; (29) F: 1,26; (34) F: 1,47; 1,25; (47) M: 1,3; (57) F: 1,54; M: 1,83; (101) F: 1,53-1,46; M: 1,54; 1,46; (117) F: 1,52; M: 1,57-1,52; (150) F: 1,65-1,52; M: 1,65-1,6; (290) M: 1,9; (1000) F: 1,6 ± 0,04; M: 1,6; (1111) M; 1,68; (1230) F: 1,5-1,7; M: 1,6-1,7; {F: 1,25-1,70; M: 1,30-1,90}

Remarks

épipélagic. warm-water inhabitant.
After Tanaka (1962, p.55)Scolecithricella spinipedata Mori, 1937 appears to be identical with S. ctenopushaving a small outer edge spine on the 1st exopodal segment of P2. The female P5 shows some variations in the length of the inner marginal spine.For Tanaka (1962, p.55) Scolecithricella ctenopus appears to be intermediate between Scolecithricella and Amallothrix in having only vermiform appendages on Mx2, and a cylindrical P5 in the female. The male P5 differs also greatly from that found in the male of Scolecithricella stricto sensu.

Last update : 18/01/2021

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