Spinocalanus abyssalis - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Spinocalanus abyssalis Giesbrecht, 1888 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Spinocalanoidea

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Family Spinocalanidae

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Genus Spinocalanus

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

no Spinocalanus abyssalis : Sars, 1903 (p.157, figs.M); With, 1915 (p.69); Jespersen, 1934 (p.51); 1940 (p.16);
S. brevicaudatus (part) Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.136);
no S. abyssalis pygmaeus Farran, 1926 (p.246); 1936 a (p.85); ? Hardy & Gunther, 1935 (1936) (p.156, Rem.); Grice, 1963 a (p.495);
S. abyssalis pygmaeus : Farran & Vervoort, 1951 g (part., n° 39, p.3, figs.F); Hopkins, 1985 (p.197, Table 1, gut contents: herbivorous);
S. parabyssalis Park, 1970 (part., p.483, figs.M, no F);
? S. major Esterly,1906 (p.55);
Spinocalanus abyssalis Tanaka, 1937 (part., p.253, figs.M, non F); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (part., p.132, fig.M, no F)

References

List of the studied authors

Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.209, Descr.F, figs.F); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.31); Farran, 1908 b (p.27, Rem.); Lysholm & Nordgaard, 1921 (p.10); ? Sars, 1925 (p.28); Farran, 1926 (part., p.242, Rem.); 1929 (part., p.227: small forms: F: 1,2-1,18); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.11); Vervoort, 1946 (p.147, Rem.); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.130, figs.F); Vervoort, 1951 (p.70, Rem.); ? 1957 (p.40, Rem.); ? Tanaka, 1956 c (p.389); ? 1960 (p.36); Vives, 1967 (p.551, fig.M); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.229, fig.F); Vaupel-Klein, 1970 (p.4, 10); Park, 1970 (p.475, 481, figs.F; Rem.: p.482); ? Minoda, 1971 (p.22); ? Bradford, 1971 b (p.17, figs.F,M); Grice, 1971 (p.275, 280, figs.F: I-J); Minoda, 1971 (part., p.22); Roe, 1975 (p.298, figs.M, Rem. M); Damkaer, 1975 (part., p.17, figs.F, Rem.F, no M); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.250, figs.F,M, Rem.); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.878, 914, figs.F,M); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.833, figs.F,M, Rem.); Blanco-Bercial & al., 2011 (p.103, Table 1, Biol. mol, phylogeny)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : Brodsky K.A., Vyshkvartseva N.V., Kos M.S. & Markhaseva E.L. in Opred. Faune SSSR, 1983, 135. [p.251, Fig.114].
Female.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : D.M. Damkaer in NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-391, Seattle, 1975. [p.18, Fig.4-10; p.63, Fig.148].
Female: 4, habitus (dorsal); 5, idem (left lateral side); 6, Mxp; 7, P1; 8, P2; 9, P3; 10, P4; 148, terminal segments of A1.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 Issued from : T. S. Park in Bull. Mar. Sc., 1970, 20 (2). [p.]480, Figs.13-22].
Female: 13, habitus (dorsal); 14, idem (lateral left side); 15, A2; 16, Md; 17, Mx1; 18, Mxp; 19, P1 (anterior); 20, P2 (posterior); 21, P3 (posterior); 22, P4 (2nd and 3rd exopod segments broken off), posterior.
Nota: A2 7-segmented (1st segment with or without a seta, 2nd segment with 3 setae, and 3rd to 6th segments each with a seta. Md: basis with 4 setae and some patches of stiff hairs. Mxp with a comb of spines on basis.

Plate 4 issued from : G.D. Grice & K. Hulsemann in J. Zool., 1965, 146. [p.230, Fig.7, a].
Female (from NE Atlant.): a, habitus (lateral left side).

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 Issued from : T. S. Park in Bull. Mar. Sc., 1970, 20 (2). [p.486, Figs.34-42]. As Spinocalanus parabyssalis.
Male (from Caribbean Sea): 34, habitus (dorsal); 35, idem (lateral left side); 36, P5 (posterior).
Nota: Prosome about twice as long as urosome. 2nd urosomal segment about 1.5 times as long as the 3rd. Exopod of right P5 reaching middle of 2nd segment of exopod of left P5; right endopod longer than left endopod.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : G.D. Grice in Cah. Biol. Mar., 1971, XII. [p.278, Fig.3 I-J].
Female (from Medit.): I, habitus (lateral left side); J, Mxp (coxa and basis).

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 36, Fig.49];
Female: abdomen (lateral, right side).

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 13, Fig.42];
Female: 42, Md (mandibular blade).

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.13, Fig. 43].
Female: 43, Mx1 (anterior view).
B = basipod; Re = exopod; Ri : endopod; Li = inner lobe; Le = outer lobe.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 13, Figs.45, 47, 48 ].
Female: 45, Md (mandibular palp); 47, Mxp (anterior view); 48, Mx2 (posterior view).
B = basipod; Ri = endopod; L = lobe; S = seta.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf. 13, Figs.44, 46 ].
Female: 44, P4 (posterior view); 46, P1 (anterior view).
Si = inner seta; se = outer seta; St = terminal seta.; B = basipod; Ri3 = 3rd segment of endopod.

Plate 12 issued from : H.S.J. Roe in Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., London, 1975, 28 (7). [p.299, Fig.1, a-j];
Male (Cape verde Islands): a, base of A1; b, A2; c, Md; d, Mx2; e, Mxp; f, P1; g, P2; h, P3; i, P4; ; j, P5.
Bar scale 0.1 mm unless indicated.
Nota : No rostrum.
A1 19-segmented (basal eught segments with large flattened sensory filaments, 1st segment with a small group of spines, reaches to about halfway along the 2nd abdominal segment.
Cephalothorax arched dorsally, 1.7 times as long as the 5-segmented abdomen.
head and 1st thoracic segment fused, 4th and 5th partially fused.
2rd thoracic segment has protruding corners in dorsal view.
Anal segment very short, telescoped into the 4th abdominal segment.
P5 reaches back to the hind edge of the 2nd abdominal segment.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 13 of morphological figures

Plate 13 Issued from : J.M. Bradford in N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1971, 206, Part 8, No 59. [p.17, Figs.24, 25].
Female (from Ross Sea): 24, basipod 1 and 2 of Mxp; 25, P2.
Scale bar: 100 µm.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 14 of morphological figures

Plate 14 Issued from : J.M. Bradford in N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1971, 206, Part 8, No 59. [p.17, Fig.23].
Female (from Ross Sea): 23, P1.
Scale bar: 100 µm.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 Issued from : J.M. Bradford in N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1971, 206, Part 8, No 59. [p.17, Fig.24].
Female (from Ross Sea): Mxp (basipods 1 and 2).
Scale bar: 100 µm.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 16 of morphological figures

Plate 16 Issued from : J.M. Bradford in N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1971, 206, Part 8, No 59. [p.17, Fig.22].
Male (from 71°15'S, 176°30'E): 22, P5.
Scale bar: 100 µm.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 17 of morphological figures

Plate 17 Issued from : J.M. Bradford in N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst., 1971, 206, Part 8, No 59. [p.17, Fig.27].
Male (from Ross Sea): 27, P1.
Scale bar: 10 µm.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 18 of morphological figures

Plate 18 Issued from : O. Tanaka in Japanese J. Zool., 1937, VII, 13. [p.254, Fig.4, e-d].
Male (from coast of Heda, Japan): d, Mxp; e, P5.

Nota: Cephalothorax: 1.14 mm; abdomen: 0.48 mm.
Frontal margin of the head contracted in the middle.
Head and 1st thoracic segment fused, 4th and 5th separated.
Abdomen 5-segmented.
A1 24-segmented.
P5 as With's figure.

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Plate 19 of morphological figures

Plate 19 Issued from : C. Razouls in Ann. Inst. océanogr., Paris, 1994, 70 (1). [p.58]. Caractéristiques morphologiques de Spinocalanus abyssalis femelle et mâle adultes.
Terminologie et abbréviations: voir à Calanus propinquus.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Pearson, 1906 (p.10); Jespersen, 1939 (p.46, Rem., Table 25); Wilson, 1942 a (p.209); Sewell, 1948 (p.347, 495, 499, 545, 549, 559, 566, 568); ? C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.341); Gundersen, 1953 (p.1, 26, seasonal abundance, Fjords distribution); Østvedt, 1955 (p.14: Table 3), p.59; Minoda, 1958 (p.253, 255: occurrence); ? Fagetti, 1962 (p.16); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); M.W. Johnson, 1963 (p.89, Table 1, 2); Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.20); Shmeleva, 1964 a (p.1068); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.223); Pavlova, 1966 (p.43); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution vs mixing Oyashio/Kuroshio region, Table 10); Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.14); Matthews, 1967 (p.159, Table 1, Rem.); Fleminger, 1967 a (tabl.1); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.258, 266); Deevey, 1971 (p.225); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, tabl.2); 1972 a (p.331, Rem.); Björnberg, 1973 (p.322, 389); Harding, 1974 (p.141, tab. 3, gut contents); Vives & al., 1975 (p.35, tab.II, III); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.256, tab.2, Station "S"); Pipe & Coombs, 1980 (p.223, figs.1, 2, 4, table 1, vertical distribution); Vives, 1982 (p.290); Rudyakov, 1982 (p.208, Table 2); Kovalev & Schmeleva, 1982 (p.83); Roe, 1984 (p.356); Hopkins, 1985 (p.197, Table 1, gut contents); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.58); Ward & al., 1995 (p.195, Table 2); Errhif & al., 1997 (p.423); Kosobokova & al., 1998 (tab.2); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.111); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, tab. 5, Appendix); Fernandez-Alamo & al., 2000 (p.1139, Appendix); Kosobokova & Hirche, 2000 (p.2029, tab.2); Holmes, 2001 (p.41); Sameoto & al., 2002 (p.13); Gaard & al., 2008 (p.59, Table1, N Atlantic Mid-Ridge); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Park & Ferrari, 2009 (p.143, Table 4, Appendix 1); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2010 (p.2064, Table 2: E Atlantic subtropical/tropical); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.427); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky, 2010 (p.991, Table 2); Andersen N.G. & al., 2011 (p.71, Fig.3: abundance); Michels & al., 2012 (p.369, Table 1, occurrence frequency); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.); Sano & al., 2013 (p.11, Table 6, Rem.: p.21, food habits); Benedetti & al., 2016 (p.159, Table I, fig.1, functional characters); Belmonte, 2018 (p.273, Table I: Italian zones)

Distribution

NZ: 20

Distribution map of Spinocalanus abyssalis by geographical zones

List species for the subzone North Sea of the Zone 9

Distribution map of Spinocalanus abyssalis for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Spinocalanus abyssalis for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Spinocalanus abyssalis for the Zone Antarctic and for the Zone Sub-Antarctic

Additional Maps & Charts

Species Spinocalanus abyssalis - Distribution map 5

Map 5 Issued from : R.K. Pipe & S.H. Coombs in J. Plankton Res., 1980, 2 (3). [p.230, Fig.4].
Spinocalanus abyssalis from Wyville Thomson Ridge (60°03.4' N, 07°03.9' W to 60°08' N, 07°02.9' W) on 24 April 1978 : Vertical distribution.
Members of this group (Group 1) were restricted, for the most part, to Norwegian Sea Deep water at depths below 530 m in temperatures of 0-4.8°C.
This group contained 7 calanoids and 1 cyclopoid, plus 2 chaetognaths and 1 euphausid. The 2 most abundant species were S. abyssalis and Oncaea (= Triconia) conifera which together contributed over 75% of the specimen taken in the group. Their distributions showing peak abundance between 530 m and the bottom of the haul (580 m).
Euphausia norvegica euphhausid was attached to this group at a lower level of similarity (19%).
A computed coefficient of dissimilarity was used in association with a 'group-average' clustering strategy (see Clifford & Stephenson, 1975) to classify the plankton taxa on the basis of their vertical distribution after the indices of similarity and the results arranged diagramatically in the form of a dendogram (Fig.2). Classification was carried out using the Bray-Curtis measure which gives a coefficient of dissimilarity.

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Cosmopolite: Antarct. (Croker Passage, Peninsula, Weddell Sea, SW Atlant., Indian, SW Pacif., Ross Sea), sub-Antarct. (South Georgia, Indian, SE Pacif.), Caribbean Colombia, Sargasso Sea, off Bermuda: Station "S" (32°10'N, 64°30'W), off E Cape Cod, Atlant., Porcupine Bank, Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Akrefjord, Raunefjorden (rare), North Sea, Medit. (W Basin, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea), Indian, Pacif., Kuroshio zone, Arct. (Polar Basin), Wyville Thomson Ridgde, Laptev Sea, Kejser Franz Joseph fjord (rare)

Quotations

N: 98

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(8) M: 1,22-1,06; (13) F: 1,32-0,85; ? (25) F: 2,2-1,7; M: 2,2-1,7; (31) F: 1,89-1,65; (38) F: 1,6-1,45; (47) F: 1,25-1,1; (88) M: 0,9; ? (102) F: 2-1; M: 1,9; (128) M: 1,62; (199) F: 1,6-0,83; (432) F: 1,5-1,2; (545) F: 1,3-1; {F: 0,83-1,98; M: 0,90-1,62}

Remarks

Meso- to bathypelagic.
Sampling depth (Antarct., sub-Antarct.) : 300-1000-2000 m. Sargasso Sea: 500-2000 m. In vertical tow 4000-3000 m (Harding, 1974).
This species seems to show an inverse nycthemeral migration.
Certain confusions exist between this species and S. brevicaudatus, S. terranovae; hence an unsure geographical distribution.
According to Grice & Hulsemann (1965, p.229) both S. abyssalis and S. abyssalis var.pygmaeus Farran, 1926 appeared in the NE Atlantic samples. They both had practically the same distribution except at the northern station (61°41'N, 02°32'W) where the var. pygmaeus was absent.

Last update : 18/01/2021

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