Spinocalanus magnus - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Spinocalanus magnus Wolfenden, 1904 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Spinocalanoidea

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Family Spinocalanidae

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Genus Spinocalanus

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Spinocalanus latifrons Sars, 1907 a (p.5);
Spinocalanus heterocaudatus Rose, 1937 (p.151, figs.F); Mazza, 1966 (p.70); no Rose, 1942 a (p.315, figs.M);
Spinocalanus pacificus Mori, 1942;
no S. magnus : Bradford, 1971 b (p.18, figs.F)

References

List of the studied authors

Wolfenden, 1904 (p.118, Descr.F); Farran, 1905 (p.30, figs.F); Wolfenden, 1906 (p.42, figs.F, Descr.F); Farran, 1908 b (p.27); Wolfenden, 1911 (p.216, figs.F); With, 1915 (p.72, Rem.); Lysholm & Nordgaard, 1921 (p.11); Sars, 1925 (p.33, figs.F); Farran, 1926 (p.243); 1929 (p.208, 227, Rem.); Sewell, 1929 (p.95); Rose, 1933 a (p.85, figs.F); Jespersen, 1934 (p.52); Lysholm & al., 1945 (p.11); Vervoort, 1946 (p.150, Rem.); Davis, 1949 (p.22, figs.F); Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.125, figs. F); Farran & Vervoort, 1951 g (n°39, p.3, figs.F); Vervoort, 1951 (p.71, Rem.); Tanaka, 1956 c (p.391, figs.F,M); Vervoort, 1957 (p.41, Rem.); Harding, 1966 (p.33, figs.M, juv.F); Grice & Hulsemann, 1967 (p.21, Rem.M); Park, 1970 (p.475, 491, Rem.); Minoda, 1971 (p.21); Grice, 1971 (p.275, 280, figs.F); Vidal, 1971 a (p.18, 23, 119, figs.F,M, Rem.M); Damkaer, 1975 (p.26, figs.F, M, Rem.); Brodsky & al., 1983 ( p.257, figs.F,M, Rem.); Bradford-Grieve, 1994 (p.104, figs.F,M); Lapernat, 1999 (p.27, 55, Rem.); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.878, 914, figs.F,M); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.197: fig.M); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.836, figs.F,M, Rem.); Bode & al., 2017 (p.600, Table I, III, fig. 2, 3, 4, morphology vs genetic).

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : Brodsky K.A., Vyshkvartseva N.V., Kos M.S. & Markhaseva E.L. in Opred. Faune SSSR, 1983, 135. [p.258, Fig.118].
Female.
Gnb = first inner lobe of Mx1; Gn = genital somite (ventral view).

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : O. Tanaka in Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., V (3). [p.392, Fig.15].
Female: a, habitus (dorsal); b, head (left lateral view); c, last thoracic segment and urosome; (left side); d, P1; e, P2.
Male: f, last thoracic segment with P5 and urosome (left lateral view); g, P5.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : D.M. Damkaer in NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-391, Seattle, 1975. [p.27, Fig.35-41; p.63, Fig.150].
Female: 35, habitus (right lateral side); 36, idem (dorsal); 37, idem (dufferent specimen); 38, distal part of prosome and urosome (dorsal); 150, terminal segments of A1.

Male: 39, habitus (dorsal); 40, idem (left lateral side); 41, P5.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : G.D. Grice in Cah. Biol. Mar., 1971, XII. [p.278, Fig.3 G-H].
Female (from Medit.): G, habitus (lateral right side); H, Mxp.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 Issued from : K.A. Brodskii in Calanoida of the Far Eastern Seas and Polar Basin of the USSR. Opred. Fauna SSSR, 1950, 35 (Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967) [p.125, Fig.43].
Female (from NP: NW Pacif; Ar: Arctic): habitus (dorsal and lateral left side); S1, P1; S3, P3; CDo, anal segment and caudal rami (dorsal).
Nota: Caudal rami asymmetrical (left ramus longer than right ramus).

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : G.P. Farran in Ann. Rep. Fish. Brch., Ireland, 1902-1903, II, App. 2, 1905. [Plate III, Figs.1-12].
Female (from W Ireland): 1-2, habitus (dorsal and lateral, respectively); 3, proximal portion of A1; 4, A2; 5, Md; 6, Mx1; 7, Mx2; 8, Mxp; 9-111, P1 to P3; 12, basal segment of P4.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 issued from : M. Rose in Annls Inst. océanogr., Monaco, n. ser., 1937, XVII, 2. [p.152, Fig.1]. As Spinocalanus heterocaudatus.
Female (from Alger Bay, Algeria): habitus (lateral and dorsal, respectively); Abd, urosome; A. G., genital segment (ventral); F, caudal rami.
Nota: corners of the last thoracic segment reaching end of the genital segment. asymmetrical setae of the caudal rami very asymmetrical and curved. Endopodite of P1 with 5 setae.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 issued from : M. Rose in Annls Inst. océanogr., Monaco, n. ser., 1937, XVII, 2. [p.153, Fig.2]. As Spinocalanus heterocaudatus.
Female: A1; A2; Mx2 (as Mxp1); Mxp (as Mxp2); P4.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 issued from : M. Rose in Annls Inst. océanogr., Monaco, n. ser., 1937, XVII, 2. [p.155, Fig.3]. As Spinocalanus heterocaudatus.
Female: Mx1 (as Mx); Md; P1; P2; P3.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from : R.N. Wolfenden in Die Marinen Copepoden der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 1911. [217, Fig.8].
Female: a, habitus (dorsal); b, posterior part cephalothorax and urosome (lateral).

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 Issued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl.IX, figs. 8-9].
Female: 8, habitus (lateral); 9, idem (dorsal).

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 12 of morphological figures

Plate 12 Issued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl.IX, figs. 10-11].
Female: 10, A2; 11, Mxp.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 13 of morphological figures

Plate 13 Issued from : G.O. Sars in Résult. Camp. Scient. Prince Albert I, 69, pls.1-127 (1924). [Pl.IX, figs. 12-15].
Female: 12, P1; 13, P2; 14, P3 (exopod inciomplete); 15, P4.

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 14 of morphological figures

Plate 14 issued from : P.E. Lapernat & C. Razouls in Vie Milieu, 2002, 52 (1). [p.28, Pl. VI, fig.5].
Masticatory edge of Md gnathobase female (from off Malta, Mediterranean Sea).

Nota: Itoh's index: 498.1 (number of teeth : 9).

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 issued from : P.E. Lapernat & C. Razouls in Vie Milieu, 2002, 52 (1). [p.20, Pl. I, fig.5].
Masticatory edge of Md gnathobase female (from off Malta, Mediterranean Sea).

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Plate 16 of morphological figures

Plate 16 Issued from : M. Sano, K. Maki, Y. Nishibe, T. Nagata & S. Nishida in Progr. Oceanogr., 2013, 110. [p.19, Figs. 8 h, 9 h].
Second maxilla (Mx2) and maxilliped (Mxp) for Spinocalanus magnus from Sagami Bay (Japan) in April 2009.
Scale bars: Mx2 & Mxp = 100 µm.

Compare appendage structure and setal armement with Euchirella rostrata, Undeuchaeta major, Chirundina streetsii, Scaphocalanus echinatus, Scottocalanus helenae, Scottocalanus securifrons, Pleuromamma xiphias and calanus sinicus for interpreted particles catching.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Pearson, 1906 (p.10, Rem.); Damas & Koefoed, 1907 (p.400, tab.II); Hardy & Gunther, 1935 (1936) (p.157, Rem.); Massuti Alzamora, 1942 (p.110); Sewell, 1948 (p.347, 508, 555, 566, 569); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.341); Østvedt, 1955 (p.14: Table 3, p.59); Fagetti, 1962 (p.17); Grice, 1962 a (p.101); M.W. Johnson, 1963 (p.89, Table 1, 2); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); Harding, 1966 (p.17, 65, 66, 71); Sewell, 1948 (p.347, 495, 508, 513, 526, 545, 548, 555, 566, 568, 574); Grice, 1963 a (p.495); Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.20); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.14); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.223); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution in Kuroshio region, Table 10); Fleminger, 1967 a (tabl.1); Dunbar & Harding, 1968 (p.319, 320); Vinogradov, 1968 (1970) (p.266, 258); Roe, 1972 (p.277, tabl.1, tabl.2); 1972 a (p.329); Björnberg, 1973 (p.322, 389); Harding, 1974 (p.141, Table 2, 3, gut contents); Vives & al., 1975 (tab.II, XII); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.256, tab.2, Station "S"); Vives, 1982 (p.290); Kovalev & Schmeleva, 1982 (p.83); Roe, 1984 (p.356); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1984 (1042); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Brenning, 1985 a (p.28, Table 2); Hopkins, 1985 (p.197, Table 1, gut contents); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.58); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1991 (p.270); Hattori, 1991 (tab.1, Appendix); Mumm, 1993 (tab.1, fig.2); Ward & al., 1995 (p.195, Table 2); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.74); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.41, 100); Padmavati & al., 1998 (p.349); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.41, 100); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, tab. 5, Appendix); Lapernat & Razouls, 2001 (tab.1); Weikert & al., 2001 (p.229, fig.7, Rem.); Holmes, 2001 (p.42); Yamaguchi & al., 2002 (p.1007, tab.1); Vukanic, 2003 (139, tab.1); Ikeda & al., 2006 (p.1791, Table 2); Gaard & al., 2008 (p.59, Table1, N Atlantic Mid-Ridge); Darnis & al., 2008 (p.994, Table 1); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Park & Ferrari, 2009 (p.143, Table 4, Appendix 1, biogeography); Homma & Yamaguchi, 2010 (p.965, Table 2); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2010 (p.2064, Table 2: E Atlantic subtropical/tropical); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.427); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Homma & al., 2011 (p.29, Table 2, abundance, feeding pattern: suspension feeders); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.); Sano & al., 2013 (p.11, Rem.: p.21, Table 2, 5, 6, A1, figs.5, 8, 9, feeding habits, vertical distribution); Zaafa & al., 2014 (p.67, Table I, occurrence); Belmonte, 2018 (p.273, Table I: Italian zones)

Distribution

NZ: 20

Distribution map of Spinocalanus magnus by geographical zones

List species for the subzone North Sea of the Zone 9

Distribution map of Spinocalanus magnus for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Spinocalanus magnus for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Spinocalanus magnus for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Distribution map of Spinocalanus magnus for the Zone Antarctic and for the Zone Sub-Antarctic

Additional Maps & Charts

Species Spinocalanus magnus - Distribution map 6

Map 6 issued from : W. Vervoort in B.A.N.Z. Antarctic Reseach Expedition, Reports - Ser. B, Vol. III, 1957 [Fig.11]
Chart showing the geographical distribution (white circle) in the seas surrounding the Antarctic continent.
Nota: In this chart the area frequented by whaling vessels has been hatched. The Antarctic circle (66°.5 S) has been drawn as a broken line. The numbers I to VI refer to the sectors into which the Antarctic seas are divided according to Mackintosh (1942) (after Vervoort, 1951).

Map 7 Issued from : M. Sano, K. Maki, Y. Nishibe, T. Nagata & S. Nishida in Progr. Oceanogr., 2013, 110. [p.20, Fig.10].
Vertical distribution of eight copepod species across 0-1000 m in Sagami bay in 21-27 April 2009.
White and black boxes denote daytime and nighttime distributions. Scaphocalanus echinatus/em> is taken from Kuriyama & Nishida (2006).
Plankton and water samples collected from a fixed station (35°00'N, 139°20'E) using MTD horizontal closing nets (0.33 mm mesh aperture) at 15 depths (0, 50, 95, 100, 150, 195, 200, 295, 300, 395, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000 m) during both day and night.

Atomic C:N ratio (mean ± SD) = 14.0 ±1.5, n = 3.

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Antarct. (Croker Passage, Peninsula, Weddell Sea, SW Atlant., Indian, SW Pacif., Ross Sea), sub-Antarct. (South Georgia, Indian, SE Pacif.), South Africa (E), Namibia, SE Atlant., Mauritania, Canary Is., off W Cabo Finisterre, Bay of Biscay, Azores, Caribbean Sea, Caribbean Colombia, G. of Mexico, Sargasso Sea, Station "S" (32°10'N, 64°30'W), off E Cape Cod, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay, Arct. (Fletcher's Ice Is., SE Beaufort Sea), Faroe Is., off W Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Norway Sea, North Sea, Ibero-moroccan Bay, Medit. (M'Diq, Alboran Sea, W Basin, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, off Malta, S Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, E Basin), Arabian Sea, off S Laccadive Is., Indian, Indonesia-Malaysia, China Seas (East China Sea, South China Sea), Japan, Sagami Bay, off Sanriku, Pacif. (NW), Bering Sea, Aleutian Basin, Arct. (polar Basin), Chukchi Sea, Pacif. (W equatorial), Pacif. (equatorial), off British Columbia, off California, Tuamotu Is., off Galapagos, Chile

Quotations

N: 95

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(1) F: 2,4; (7) F: 2,8; (10) F: 2,8-2,6; (13) F: 3,1-1,87; M: 2,43-1,8; (22) F: 3-2,6; (25) F: 2,75-2,35; (28) F: 2,45-1,88; (31) F: 2,65-2,4; (35) F: 2,76-2,4; (38)?F : 2,67-2,58; (55) F: 2,5; M: 2,13; (58) F: 2,9; (59) F: 2,9-2,2; (67) M: 2; (88) F: 2,44-2,16; (199) F: 2,96-2,28; M: 2,43; (208) F: 2,5; (229) F: 2,75; (238) F: 2,8-2,75; (340) F: 2,35; 2,1; (432) F: 2,95-2,87; (545) F: 2; (1252) F: 2,20-2,55; {F: 1,87-3,10; M: 1,80-2,43}.
(1252) F: Pr/Ur = 2,8-3,8.

Remarks

epi-mesopelagic to abyssal.
Sampling depth (Antarct., sub-Antarct.) : 400-1000 m. Sargasso Sea: 500-2000 m. In vertical tow 2000-1000 m (slope) and 4000-3000 m (Sargasso Sea) (Harding, 1974). 200-1000 m (E Atlantic, in Bode, 2017).
Brodsky & al. (1983, p.260) consider that there is no synonymy between the males of this species and those of S. spinipes.
For Rose (1937, p.157) Spinocalanus heterocaudatus differs from S. magnus, also observed in Alger's Bay.
For Vervoort (1957, p.42) this species is closely allied with Spinocalanus antarcticus. According to Wolfenden's description the female of S. anracticus have the A1 slightly shorter (they reach the 3rd urosomal somite), the lateral thoracic margin is less produced, whilst there are additional small differences in the proportional lengths and shape of the cephalothorax and urosome. Comparison of the drawings of females of both forms in dorsal aspect in Wolfenden (1911, textfigs. 8, 9) gives the impression that two widely different species have been figured. In spite of these discrepancies in general outline of the body, Vervoort is not fully convinced that the two forms are really so very different.
Sano & al. (2013, p.21) indicate that this species (in the present study) selectively fed on sinking aggregates that contained fresh phytodetritus. The gut contents consisted of small particles of diverse origin, indicating dentrivory/omnivory, however, the analysis further demontrated the predominance of diatoms fragments and lesser crustacean fragments, indicating that the species in Sagami Bay fed mainly on foods of phytoplankton origin.

: R. Stephen, 2007 : Data sheets of NIO, Kochi, India (on line).
For Bode & al. (2017, p.610), S. magnus and S. antarcticus could only be separated based on their body shape [Criterion debatable. CR.]

Last update : 28/03/2020

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