Pachos punctatum - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Pachos punctatum Claus, 1863 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Cyclopoida

details

Family incertae sedis (Cyclopoida)

details

Genus Pachos

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Pachysoma punctata Claus, 1863 (p.163, Descr.M, figs.M);
Pachysoma punctatum : ? Brady, 1883 (p.121); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.612, 614, 774, Descr.M, figs.F,M); A. Scott, 1909 (p.262, Rem.); Ganapati & Shanthakumari, 1962 (p.10, 16); Fish, 1962 (p.23); Humes & Stock, 1973 (p.329); Chen & al., 1974 (p.44, figs.F,M); Zheng & al., 1982 (p.109, figs.F,M); Zheng Zhong & al., 1984 (1989) (p.263, figs.F,M); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.77); Noda & al., 1998 (p.55, Table 3, occurrence); W.-B. Chang & al., 2010 (p.735, Table 2)

References

List of the studied authors

Pesta, 1920 (p.653, fig.F); Rose, 1933 a (p.306, figs.F,M); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.114, figs.F,M); Vives, 1972 (p.232, figs. juv.F); Boxshall, 1977 a (p.149, figs.F,M); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.668, figs.F,M); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.978, Pl.220: F,M); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.620, p.621: figs.F,M); Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.398, figs.F,M, Rem.)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : Q.-c Chen & S.-z. Zhang & C.-s. Zhu in Studia Marina Sinica, 1974, 9. [Pl.9, Figs.1-3].
Male (from China Seas): 1, habitus (dorsal); 2, A1; 3, P4.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : Q.-c Chen & S.-z. Zhang & C.-s. Zhu in Studia Marina Sinica, 1974, 9. [Pl.8, Figs.11-13].
Female: 11, urosome (dorsal); 12, Mxp; 13, P4.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : G.A. Boxshall in Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 1977, 31 (3). [p.150, Fig.24].
Female (from 18°N, 25°W): a, urosome (ventral); b, A1 (ventral; segmentation only); c, A2 (anterior); d, Md (anterior); e, Mx1 (anterior); f, Mx2 (anterior); g, Mxp (antero-ventral); h-k, P1 to P4 (posterior).
Nota: Body globular, with inflated prosome and short urosome; surface of carapace covered with minute denticles; a pair of sensory setules present on carapace and each of remainning 3 prosome somites. Rostrum prominent. caudal rami about 2.2 times longer than broad. Md produced into a slender lash with wide base; armature reduced to a single denticle on the outer margin and a short row of fine bristles near the inner margin. Mx1 bilobed. Mx2 2-segmented; terminal segment forming a curved element distally and with a proximal spine. Mxp 3-segmented, comprising an unarmed basal segment, a robust middle segment with 2 stout denticulate setae, and a claw-like terminal segment bearing a short seta proximally. P5 a short conical process with 2 apical setae and a lateral seta located near its base. P6 represented by 2 long plumose setae situated on the lateral margin of the genital complex.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : G.A. Boxshall in Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 1977, 31 (3). [p.152, Fig.25].
Male: a, habitus (dorsal); b, A1 (ventral); c, urosome (ventral); d, Mxp (anterior).
Nota: Urosome with 3 somites posterior to genital complex. Minute denticles and sensory setules present on carapce and prosome as in female. A2 differing from that of female in having only 3 apical setae on the terminal segment instead of 4. Mxp 4-segmented; comprising a broad basal segment, a 2nd segment with an inner proximal swelling armed with 2 setae and covered with fine spinules, a small unarmed 3rd segment and a 4th segment forming a curved claw with a spatulate tip and armed with 2 unequal setae at its base.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.48, Figs.28-30, 32, 35]. As Pachysoma punctatum.
Female: 28, Md; 29, Mxp; 30, Mx2; 32, urosome (dorsal); 35, habitus (dorsal).

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.48, Figs.23-26]. As Pachysoma punctatum.
Female: 23, P4 (posterior view); 24, P1 (anterior view); 25, A2; 26, Mx1.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.48, Fig.36]. As Pachysoma punctatum
Female: endopod segment 3 of P3.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.48, Figs.22, 27]. As Pachysoma punctatum.
Male: 22, A1 (ventral view); 27, Mxp.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.48, Figs.31, 33-34]. As Pachysoma punctatum.
Male: 31, genital segment (ventral); 33, urosome (dorsal); 34, habitus (dorsal).

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.48, Figs.38, 39]. As Pachysoma punctatum
Female: 38, habitus (lateral); 39, endopod segment 3 of P2.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 issued from : Z. Zheng, S. Li, S.J. Li & B. Chen in Marine planktonic copepods in Chinese waters. Shanghai Sc. Techn. Press, 1982 [p.110, Fig.67-1]. As Pachysoma punctatum.
Female; a, habitus (dorsal); b, urosome (dorsal); c, A1; d, A2; e, Mxp; f, P1; g, P2; h, endopod of P3; i, P4.
Scale bar in mm.

Species Pachos punctatum - Plate 12 of morphological figures

Plate 12 issued from : Z. Zheng, S. Li, S.J. Li & B. Chen in Marine planktonic copepods in Chinese waters. Shanghai Sc. Techn. Press, 1982 [p.111, Fig.67-2]. As Pachysoma punctatum.
Male: j, habitus (dorsal); k, urosome (dorsal); l, A2; m, distal part of A2; n, Mxp; o, P4.
Scale bar in mm.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Rose & Vaissiere, 1952 (1953 a) (p.174); Wilson, 1942 a (p.200); 1950 (p.274); Fagetti, 1962 (p.46); Grice & Hart, 1962 (p.287, table 3, p.293: Rem.); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); Mazza, 1966 (p.73); Deevey, 1971 (p.224); Apostolopoulou, 1972 (p.329, 380); Boxshall, 1977 b (p.552); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.156, tab.2, Station "S"); Dessier, 1979 (p.207); Vaissière & Séguin, 1980 (p.23, tab.2); Vives, 1982 (p.296); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.86); Scotto di Carlo & al., 1984 (p.1045); Regner, 1985 (p.11, Rem.: p.42); Hure & Krsinic, 1998 (p.83, 104); Gilabert & Moreno, 1998 (tab.1, 2); Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 a (p.112); Fernandez-Alamo & al., 2000 (p.1139, Appendix); El-Sherif & Aboul Ezz, 2000 (p.61, Table 3: occurrence); Seridji & Hafferssas, 2000 (tab.1); Lopez-Salgado & al., 2000 (tab.1); Osore & al., 2003 (p.69); Vukanic, 2003 (p.139, tab.1); Khelifi-Touhami & al., 2007 (p.327, Table 1); Mazzocchi & Di Capua, 2010 (p.429); Tutasi & al., 2011 (p.791, Table 2); Andersen N.G. & al., 2011 (p.71, Fig.3: abundance); Hsiao S.H. & al., 2011 (p.475, Appendix I); Tseng L.-C. & al., 2011 (p.47, Table 2, occurrences vs mesh sizes); Uysal & Shmeleva, 2012 (p.909, Table I); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.); Zakaria & al., 2016 (p.1, Table 1) ; Benedetti & al., 2016 (p.159, Table I, fig.1, functional characters); Marques-Rojas & Zoppi de Roa, 2017 (p.495, Table 1).

Distribution

NZ: 14

Distribution map of Pachos punctatum by geographical zones

Distribution map of Pachos punctatum for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Pachos punctatum for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Pachos punctatum for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Congo, Ghana, Cape Verde Is., off Madeira, S Brazil, off Amazon, Barbados Is., Caribbean Sea, Bahia de Mochima (Venezuela), G. of Mexico, Cuba, Florida, Chesapeake Bay, Sargasso Sea, off Bermuda: Station ‘’ S’’ (32°10’N, 64°30’W), Medit. (Algiers Bay, Gulf of Annaba, Baleares, W Basin, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Messina, N & S Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, W Egyptian coast, Lebanon Basin), Safaga, Red Sea, Kennya, Madagascar (Nosy Bé), India (Lawson's Bay), Indonesia-Malaysia, Philippines, China Seas (East China Sea, South China Sea), Taiwan (S, E: Kuroshio Current), S Japan (Kuchonoerabu Is.), Japan (Honshu), Aleutian Is. (in C.B. Wilson, 1950), W Baja California, G. of Tehuantepec, Central America, Galapagos-Ecuador, off Peru, off Chile

Quotations

N: 65

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(46) F: 2,2-1,9; M: 2-1,87; (109) F: 2,3-2; M: 2,1-1,9; (139) F: 2,25; M: 2,2 ; (449) F: 2,2-1,9; (785) F: 2,64-2,4; (1023) F: 1,83; M: 1,84; {F: 1,83-2,64; M: 1,87-2,20}

Remarks

epiplagic. Overall Depth Range in Sargasso Sea: 0-1000 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, Station "S");
Boxshall (1977 a, p.153) points to the segmentation of A1 appears to be rather variable. Claus (1863) recorded 8 segments in the female whereas Giesbrecht (1892) found 5 in the female and 7 in the male. This apparent variation is probably due to the difficulty of determining the precise segmentation of the densely setate proximal portion of A1. Seven distinct segments were observed in both sexes although some degree of fusion was observed between segments 3 and 4 in the female.

Last update : 20/02/2018

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