Mormonilla phasma - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Mormonilla phasma Giesbrecht, 1891 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Mormonilloida

details

Family Mormonillidae

details

Genus Mormonilla

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Corynuropsis tenuicaudatus T. Scott, 1892

References

List of the studied authors

Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.532, 536, 774, figs.F); T. Scott, 1894 b (p.64, figs.F); Farran, 1908 b (p.88); A. Scott, 1909 (p.193, Rem.); Farran, 1926 (p.293); Rose, 1933 a (p.278, figs.F); Farran, 1936 a (p.124); Davis, 1949 (p.67, Rem.F); Owre & Foyo, 1967 (p.103, figs.F); Minoda, 1971 (p.44); Vives, 1972 (p.225); Boxshall, 1979 (p.256, figs.F); 1985 (p.330, figs.F, Rem.); Huys & Boxshall, 1991 (p.173, figs.F,M); Huys & al., 1992 (p.158, Descr.M, figs.M); Chihara & Murano, 1997 (p.952, Pl.204: F,M); Boxshall & Halsey, 2004 (p.418: F,M, figs.125: F,M); Ivanenko & Defaye, 2006 (p.724, Rem.); Cho & al., 2007 (p.72, Redescr.F, figs.F, Rem.); Vives & Shmeleva, 2010 (p.193, figs.F,M, Rem.)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : K.H. Cho, W.-S. Kim & W. Lee in Korean J. Environ. Biol., 2007, 25 (1). [p.78, Table 1].
The characters of Mormonilla phasma female compared with Boxshall's (1979, 1985) and Boxshall & Huys' specimens.
Nota: Specimens collected in the southern Hawaiian Islands are similar to the Huys & Boxshall's descriptions in the following features: A1 3-segmented; Mx2 5-segmented with total 4 endites; Mxp 3-segmented; P2-P4 with 2-segmented exopods and 1-segmented endopod; urosome 4-segmented with a genital complex formed by fusion of the genital somite and the 1st abdominal somite. However, morphological characteristics of A2, Md and P1 were slightly different from Boxshall (1979, 1985) and Huys & Boxshall (1991). In the Hawaiian specimens the authors have found morphological anomalies in endopodal segments of the P1; P2-P3 shows various number of serration in inner margin of the 1st exopodal segment (the number of serration bears 8 to 15 in P2 and 7 to 9 in P3). These variations seem to be within the range of intra-specific variation, but the male is lacking here.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : G.A. Boxshall in Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 1979, 35 (3). [p.257, Fig.26].
Female (from 18°N, 25°W): A, habitus (dorsal); B-C, genital complex (lateral and ventral, respectively); D, A2; E, Md; F, Mx1; G, Mx2; H, Mxp; I, P1; J, P2; K, P3; L, P4.
Scales 0.1 mm unless otherwise indicated.

Plate 3 issued from : G.A. Boxshall in Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 1979, 35 (3). [p.257].
Armature formula of swimming legs P1 to P4.
Roman numeral: spine; arabic numeral: seta.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : K.H. Cho, W.-S Kim & W. Lee in Korean J. Environ. Biol., 2007, 25 (1). [p.73, Fig.1].
Female (from 10°30'N, 131°20'W): A, habitus (dorsal); B, A1; C, urosome; D, genital double somite and 1st urosome somite (lateral, left side).
Scale bars in micron.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 issued from : K.H. Cho, W.-S Kim & W. Lee in Korean J. Environ. Biol., 2007, 25 (1). [p.74, Fig.2].
Female: A, A2; B, Mx1; C, Md.
Scale bars in micron.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 issued from : K.H. Cho, W.-S Kim & W. Lee in Korean J. Environ. Biol., 2007, 25 (1). [p.75, Fig.3].
Female: A, Mx2; B, Mxp.
Scale bar in micron.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 issued from : K.H. Cho, W.-S Kim & W. Lee in Korean J. Environ. Biol., 2007, 25 (1). [p.76, Fig.4].
Female: A, A', A'', P1 (Arrows indicate the difference of the spinous process number); B, P2; C, P3; D, P4.
Scale bars in micron.
Nota: P5 and P6 absent.

Plate 8 issued from : K.H. Cho, W.-S Kim & W. Lee in Korean J. Environ. Biol., 2007, 25 (1). [p.77].
Female: Chetotaxy of the swimming legs P1-P4.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.43, Figs.28-32, 39].
Female: 28, Mx2 (anterior view); 29, A1 (ventral surface); 30, Mxp (posterior vieew); 31, habitus (dorsal); 32, A2; 39, habitus (lateral).

Plate 10 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892. Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.43, Figs.34-38, 40-41].
Female: 34, Md (masticatory blade); 35, Md (mandibular palp); 36-38, P1 to P3; 40, P4; 41, Mx1.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 issued from : R.H. Huys & G.A. Boxshall in Copepod Evolution. The Ray Soc., 1991, 159. [p.181, Fig.2.6.9, A-B, D].
Male (from Arabian Sea): A, Md; B, Md (mandibular gnathobase); D, Mxp.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 12 of morphological figures

Plate 12 issued from : R.H. Huys & G.A. Boxshall in Copepod Evolution. The Ray Soc., 1991, 159. [p.180, Fig.2.6.8, B-E].
Male : B, Mx1; C, detail of maxillulary praecoxal endite; D, Mx2; E, detail of distal part of maxilla.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 13 of morphological figures

Plate 13 issued from : R.H. Huys & G.A. Boxshall in Copepod Evolution. The Ray Soc., 1991, 159. [p.179, Fig.2.6.7, A].
Female (from Cape Verde Islands): A, Mx1.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 14 of morphological figures

Plate 14 issued from : R.H. Huys & G.A. Boxshall in Copepod Evolution. The Ray Soc., 1991, 159. [p.179, Fig.2.6.7, D].
Female: D, intercoxal sclerite, protopd and proximal endopod segments of P1.

Species Mormonilla phasma - Plate 15 of morphological figures

Plate 15 issued from : R.H. Huys & G.A. Boxshall in Copepod Evolution. The Ray Soc., 1991, 159. [p.174, Fig.2.6.2, A-B].
Female: A, genital double somite and 1st urosome somite (ventral view); B; same (lateral , right side).

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Hardy & Gunther, 1935 (1936) (p.185, Rem.); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.268); Rose, 1953 a (p.164, Rem.); V.N. Greze, 1963 a (tabl.2); Grice, 1963 a (p.496); De Decker & Mombeck, 1964 (p.13); Furuhashi, 1966 a (p.295, vertical distribution vs mixing Oyashio/Kuroshio region, Table 7, 8, 9); Vives & al., 1975 (p.53, tab.II); Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.156, tab.2, Station "S"); Vives, 1982 (p.295); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.85); Guangshan & Honglin, 1984 (p.118, tab.); Lozano Soldevilla & al., 1988 (p.60); Kouwenberg, 1994 (tab.1); Webber & Roff, 1995 (tab.1); Shih & Young, 1995 (p.76); Böttger-Schnack, 1996 (p.1088); Lapernat, 1999 (p.31); El-Sherif & Aboul Ezz, 2000 (p.61, Table 3: occurrence); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, tab. 5, Appendix); Lapernat & Razouls, 2001 (tab.1); Holmes, 2001 (p.61); Sameoto & al., 2002 (p.13); Uysal & al., 2002 (p.18, tab.1); Morales-Ramirez & Suarez-Morales, 2008 (p.515, 523); Fernandes, 2008 (p.465, Tabl.2); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Hidalgo & al., 2010 (p.2089, Table 2); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2); Hsiao S.H. & al., 2011 (p.475, Appendix I); Oh H-J. & al., 2013 (p.192, Table 1, occurrence); Fierro Gonzalvez, 2014 (p.1, Tab. 3, 5, occurrence, abundance); Melo & al., 2015 (p.1, Table 1, fig.1: occurrences); Benedetti & al., 2016 (p.159, Table I, fig.1, functional characters); Benedetti & al., 2018 (p.1, Fig.2: ecological functional group)

Distribution

NZ: 17

Distribution map of Mormonilla phasma by geographical zones

Distribution map of Mormonilla phasma for the Zone Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea

Distribution map of Mormonilla phasma for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Mormonilla phasma for the Zone China Seas, Vietnam

Distribution map of Mormonilla phasma for the Zone Antarctic

Localisations

Geographical glossary

Antarct. (SW Atlant.), South Georgia, South Africa (E), G. of Guinea, Cape Verde Is., Canary Is., off Madeira, Ibero-moroccan Bay, Brazil, Potiguar Basin, St Peter & St Paul Archipelago, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica, Caribbean Colombia, E Costa Rica, Florida, off Bermuda: Station ‘’ S’’ (32°10’N, 64°30’W), Sargasso Sea, off E Nova Scotia, Bay of Biscay, off W Ireland, Medit. (Alboran Sea, NW Basin, off Malta, Ionian Sea, E Basin, Lebanon Basin), N Red Sea (Sharm El-Sheikh), Arabian Sea, Indian, Bay of Bengal, Indonesia-Malaysia, Philippines, China Seas (East China Sea), Taiwan (E: Kuroshio Current), Japan, Bering Sea, Pacif. (W equatorial), Australia (Great Barrier), Hawaii, off SW Galapagos, British Columbia, California, W Costa Rica, Peru, off America (central), Chile (N-S)

Quotations

N: 45

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(34) F: 1,4-1,28; (38) F: 1,5-1,32; (46) F: 1,73-1,58 ; (57) F: 1,7; (59) F: 1,8-1,6; (138) F: 1,73-1,58; (208) F: 1,4; (340) F: 1,15; (619) M: 1,42-0,9; (1007) F: 1,5-2,01; {F: 1,15-2,01; M: 0,90-1,42}

Remarks

Meso-bathypelagic.
Sampling depth (Antarct.) : 100-1000 m. Overall Depth Range in Sargasso Sea: 500-2000 m (Deevey & Brooks, 1977, Station "S"). 204-1340 m at Station S 2 in S Bösö (E middle japan) and 369-1236 m at Station T-1 (E Tori Is., E middle Jaân) from Furuhashi (1966 a).
Morphologic characters after Boxshall & Halsey (2004, p.418):
Female: P1 with 2-segmented endopod, with setal formula 0-0; 0, 2, 2; P2 with 1-segmented endopod with setal formula 0, 2, 1.
Male: Endopod of P4 bearing total of 3 setae on compound distal segment; terminal endopodal segment of P1 with 4 setae.

According to Ivanenko & Defaye (2006, p.724) further re-examination of mormonillids from the type locality (tropical part of the Pacific Ocean: Giesbrecht, 1891 and 1892) and comparisons with mormonillids from the northeastern Atlantic are necessary to confirm the identity of copepods from the two oceans, currently referred to M. phasma Giesbrecht, 1891.
First occurrence in Chilean waters by Hidalgo & al. (2010).
After us, this species is noted for the first time in the northern Red Sea by El-Sherif & Aboul Ezz (2000, p.72).
After Benedetti & al. (2018, p.1, Fig.2) this species belonging to the functional group 4 corresponding to small filter feeding herbivorous and mixed feeding omnivorous (mostly broadcasters).

Last update : 07/12/2020

Contributor Remarks

to add your remark