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Marine Planktonic Copepods
Centropages brachiatus  Dana, 1849   (F,M)
Taxonomy
Order Calanoida
Superfamily Diaptomoidea
Family Centropagidae

Synonymy

Pontella brachiata Dana, 1849;
Calanopia brachiata Dana, 1853;
C. chilensis Kröyer, 1849;
Centropages typicus : Cleve, 1904 a (p.181, 182, 187); Tanaka, 1960; Carola, 1994 (p.233);
Centropages braquiatus : Arcos, 1974 (p.221, figs.F); 1975 (p.20, figs.F,M); 1976 (p.85, Rem.: p.95)

References

Brady, 1883 (p.82, figs.F,M); Giesbrecht, 1892 (p.304, 320, figs.F,M); Thompson, 1888 d (p.142); Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898 (p.55); Rose, 1929 (p.32); Fagetti, 1962 (p.28); Björnberg, 1963 (p.44); Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.28, figs.F,M); Tanaka, 1964 (p.8, figs.F,M); Vervoort, 1964 b (p.308); Ramirez, 1966 (p.15, figs.F,M); Vidal, 1968 (p.35, figs.F,M); Ramirez, 1969 (p.75, figs.F,M); Lee, 1972 (p.9, figs.F,M, spermatophore and coupling device); Fleminger, 1975 (p.397); Björnberg & al., 1981 (p.644, figs.F,M); van der Spoel & Heyman, 1983 (p.105, fig.); Sazhina, 1985 (p.63, figs.N); Mazzocchi & al., 1995 (p.81, figs.F,M, Rem.); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.884, 951, figs.F,M); Giesecke & Gonzalez, 2004 (p.607, fig. Md); Vives & Shmeleva, 2007 (p.466, figs.F,M, Rem.)

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : Tanaka O. in Scient. Rep. Jap. Antarct. Res. Exped., (E) 22. 1964. [Plate II].
Female: a, habitus (dorsal view); b, Th5 and urosome (lateral view); c, P5.
Male: d, Th5 and urosome (dorsal view); e, A1; f, P4; g, left P5; h, right P5.
Plate 2 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.82, Fig.3.10.1].
Female: A, habitus (dorsal); B, right side of urosome; C, left side of urosome; D, P5.
Male: E, habitus (dorsal view); F, urosome (dorsal view); G, left P5; H, right P5.
Nota: The specimens differ from those drawn by Brady (1883) in the left P5: endopod 3 bears 6 setae (compared to 7 reported by Brady); exopod 2 bears 3 short, strong spines, also reported by Ramirez (1969) and Arcos (1975) (compared to Brady's figures that show 4 apical spines)
Plate 3 issued from : Giesecke & Gonzalez in Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 2004, 77. [p.610, Fig. 2 C]. Schematic drawing of the cutting edge of the left mandible blade of Centropages brachiatus from Mejillones Bay, Chile .
Mean (standard deviation in parenthesis) Itoh's edge index: 703 (23), n = 11 specimens.
Scale bar= 0.010 mm.
Nota: This species has usually been suggested to have an omnivorous feeding behavior (\"Type II\" from Itoh), with highest clearance rate on flagellates and ciliates. mandible shape and edge index agrees with the observations made by Schnack (1982), who estimated an edge index of 740 for Centropages hamatus. Mandible width as percentage of the cephalothorax length is 7.9, near of the data for the omnivorous Acartia tonsa.
Plate 4 issued from : F.C. Ramirez in Contr. Inst. Biol. mar., Buenos Aires, 1969, 98. [p.72, Lam. XIV, figs.105, 106, 110, 113, 115].
Female (from off Mar del Plata): 105, urosome (ventral); 106, idem (dorsal); 113, habitus (dorsal.

Male:
Scale bars in mm:
Plate 5 issued from : F.C. Ramirez in Bol. Inst. Biol. Mar., Mar del Plata, 1966, 11. [Lam.III, Figs.13-21].
Male (off Mar del Plata): 13, right A1; 14, posterior part cephalothorax and urosome (dorsal); 15, right P5; 16, left P5.

Female: 17, cephalothorax (dorsal); 18, urosome (dorsal); 19, P4; 20, P5; 21, spines of 2nd exopodal segment of P5.
Plate 6 issued from : D.F.R. Arcos in Gayana, Zool., 1975, 32. [Lam.VII, Figs.58-64]. As Centropages braquiatus.
Female (from Bahia de Concepcion, Chile): 58, habitus (dorsal); 59, P5; 62, last thoracic segment and genital segment (dorsal).

Male: 60, P5; 61, last thoracic segment and genital segment (dorsal); 63, spines on segments 1, 2 and 5 of A1; 64, distal portion of A1.
Plate 7 issued from : H.K. Unterüberbacher in Investl Rep. mar. Res. Lab. S.W. Afr., 1964, 11. [Pl.29].
Female (from coastal area of Namibia): habitus (dorsal), P5.
Plate 8 issued from : H.K. Unterüberbacher in Investl Rep. mar. Res. Lab. S.W. Afr., 1964, 11. [Pl.30].
Male: habitus (dorsal); P5.
Plate 9 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.17, Fig.37].
Female: 37, P5 (part.).
Re = exopod; Ri = endopod; Si = inner seta.
Plate 10 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.18, Fig.7].
Male: 7, right A1 (segments 10 to 18; dorsal view).
Plate 11 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.17, Fig.26].
Male: 26, exopod of of right P5 (posterior view).
Plate 12 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. - Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.38, Fig.2].
Male: 2, habitus (dorsal).
Plate 13 Issued from : W. Giesbrecht in Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. – Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 1892, 19 , Atlas von 54 Tafeln. [Taf.38, Fig.17].
Female: urosome (ventral).
Plate 14 Issued from : D.F.R. Arcos in Bol. Soc. De Concepcion, 47. [p.222, Figs.14, 15].
Female7°47'-50°33'S, 74°04'-74°54'W): 14, A1 (proximal segments); 15, last thoracic segment and genital segment (dorsal).
Plate 15 Issued from : C.M. Lee in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [p.4, Text-Fig. 1 d].
Dorsal view of fifth metasome segment and the urosome of female of Centropages brachiatus (from Table Bay, South Africa).
Plate 16 Issued from : C.M. Lee in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [p.5, Text-Fig. 2 d].
P5 female from Centropages brachiatus.
Plate 17 Issued from : C.M. Lee in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [p.4, Text-Fig. 1 d].

Dorsal view of fifth metasome segment and the urosome of male of Centropages brachiatus (from Table Bay, South Africa).
Plate 18 Issued from : C.M. Lee in Bull. mar. Ecol., 1972, 8. [p.5, Text-Fig. 2 d].
P5 male from Centropages brachiatus.

Complementary References

Thompson, 1900 c (p.262); C.B. Wilson, 1950 (p.185); Björnberg, 1963 (p.44, Rem.); Unterüberbacher, 1964 (p.28); De Decker, 1964 (p.15, 19, 29); 1968 (p.45); Heinrich, 1973 (p.95, fig.4); Björnberg, 1973 (p.335, 385); Grindley, 1977 (p.341, Table 2, fig.2); Judkins, 1980 (p.475, fig.4: vertical distribution vs O2 minimum); Herman & Mitchell, 1981 (p.739, Table 2, length-volume); Herman & Sameoto, 1981 (p.228, Table 1, 2, abundance); Arashkevich & al., 1982 (p.477, Table 2, diet); Kovalev & Shmeleva, 1982 (p.84); Herman A.W., 1984 (p.131, Rem.: p.133); De Decker, 1984 (p.316, 321: Rem., 338: chart); 1984 a (p.156); Brenning, 1985 (p.5, spatial distribution/TS); 1985 a (p.24, Table 2); Greze & al., 1985 (p.7); Timonin, 1990 (p.479); Peterson & al., 1990 (p.259, feeding); Fernandez Araoz, 1991 (p.575); Santos & Ramirez, 1991 (p.79, 80, 82, 83); 1995 (p.133, Tabl. I, fig.2, 3); Timonin, 1997 (p.83, Rem.); Gonzalez & Marin, 1998 (p.109); Verheye & al., 1998 (p.317, Table II); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, Appendix); Escribano & Hidalgo, 2000 (p.283, tab.2); Hidalgo & Escribano, 2001 (p.159, tab.2); Hidalgo & Escribano, 2001 (p.157, fig.4); Sabatini & al., 2001 (p.245, fig.6); Marrari & al., 2004 (p.667, tab.1); Berasategui & al., 2005 (p.313, fig.2); Berasategui & al., 2005 (p.485, tab.1); Berasategui & al., 2006 (p.485: fig.2); Escribano, 2006 (p.20, Table 1); Gaudy & Thibault-Botha, 2007 (p.84, Tab.2, Rem.: metabolism); Biancalana & al., 2007 (p.83, Tab.2, 3); Castro & al., 2007 (p.486, Table 1, 2 ,3, 4, fig.3); Morales C.E. & al., 2007 (p.452, Rem.: p.462: abundance); Khelifi-Touhami & al., 2007 (p.327, Table 1); Hidalgo & Escribano, 2007 (p.501, figs.6, 7, 8); 2008 (p.429: annual life cycle); Muelbert & al., 2008 (p.1662, Table 1); Escribano & al., 2009 (p.1083, Table 1, 2, figs.6, 10); C.E. Morales & al., 2010 (p.158, Table 1); Ayon & al., 2008 (p.238, Table 4: Peruvian samples); Escribano & Pérez, 2010 (p.301, Fig.4: fatty acids); Schnack-Schiel & al., 2010 (p.2064, Table 2: E Atlantic subtropical); Hidalgo & al., 2010 (p.2089, fig.2, 4, Table 2, cluster analysis); Padovani & al., 2011 (p.205, occurrence); Spinelli & al., 2012 (p.39, potential prey for fish); Aguirre & al., 2012 (p.341, Table I: abundance vs season, fig.4) ; Hidalgo & al., 2012 (p.134, Table 2, 3, figs.5, 6, spatial distribution); Julies & Kaholongo, 2013 (p.78, fig.4, %); Fierro Gonzalvez, 2014 (p.1, Tab. 3, 5, occurrence, abundance); Escribano & al., 2014 (p.104, egg production, development vs temperature); Acha & al., 2020 (p.1, Table 3: occurrence % vs ecoregions).

Distribution

Additional Maps & Charts

Map 5 issued from : U. Brenning in Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock -34. Jahrgang 1985. Mat.-nat. wiss. Reihe, 6. [p.8, Fig.5].
Spatial distribution for Centropages brachiatus from namibia (SW Afeica), expedition VIII 21/9-17/12 1976
Map 6 Issued from : P. Hidalgo, R. Escribano, M. Fuentes, E. Jorquera & O. Vergara in Progr. Oceanogr., 2012, 92-98. [p.140, Fig.5. Spatial distribution of a dominant copepod species (ind m3) found off central-southern Chile in summer 2009. Abundance are mean values in the upper 0-200 m layer.

Nota: The upwelling region of central-southern Chile is located at mid latitudes within the eastern boundary upwelling region of Chile and Peru.

Localisations

Antarct. (SW Indian), sub-Antarct. (SW Atlant., SE Pacif., Beagle Channel), Benguela Current, South Africa (E & W), Namibia, G. of Guinea, SW Atlant. (Ushuaia, Patagonia, Peninsula Valdés, Mar del Plata, Uruguay (continental shelf), Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires), Mauritania, off Azores, Medit. (Alboran Sea, Gulf of Annaba, Malta), S Indian, off Peruvian coast, Chile (N-S, Mejillones Bay, off Valparaiso, off Santiago, Concepcion), Straits of Magellan (Pacific and Atlantic area), Cape Horn

Quotations

N: 76 (sub-Antarct.: 6; S Atlant.: 31; N Atlant. N:1; Medit.: 3; Indian: 5; Pacif.: 30)

Dimensions (mm)

(47) F: 2,3; M: 1,9; (114) F: 1,88-1,85; M: 1,83; (187) F: 2-1,8; M: 1,9-1,7; (237) F: 1,5; M: 1,35; (254) F: 3; M: 2,9; (322) F: 1,5; M: 1,3; (432) F: 1,89-1,67; M: 1,81-1,6; (786) F: 1,91-1,7; M: 1,75-1,58; (861) F: 1,92-1,96; M: 1,74-1,77; (1308) F: 1,73-1,92; M: 1,58-1,82; (1125) F: 2,0; {F: 1,50-3,00; M: 1,30-2,90}

Remarks

epipelagic, neritic, littoral.
For Arcos (1976, p.97) tis species is cryophyle, present in Magallenes region (56°06.3 S, 73°26.8 W and 53°09.3 S, 73°03.7 W) in a range of temperature 4.80°C to 8.42°C and salinity 28.63 to 33.33 p.1000.
After Acha & al. (2020) , this species is mainly shelf and Northernbreak, northern and southern offshore along SW Atlantic.
Last update : 03/04/2020

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