Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Species Card - Marine Planktonic Copepods

Spinocalanus brevicaudatus Brodsky, 1950 (F,M)

Taxonomy

Order Calanoida

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Superfamily Spinocalanoidea

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Family Spinocalanidae

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Genus Spinocalanus

details list species for this Genus

Abbreviations or symbols

Synonymy

Spinocalanus longicornis : Sars, 1901 a (1903) (p.22, figs.F);
S. abyssalis : ? Farran, 1908 b (p.27, Rem.); With, 1915 (p.69, figs.F,M, juv.); Sars, 1903 (p.157, figs.M); Rose, 1933 a (p.84, figs.F,M); Jespersen, 1934 (p.51); 1940 (p.16); Tanaka, 1937 (part., p.253, figs.M); Davis, 1949 (part., p.21, figs.F); ? Tanaka, 1960 (p.36, Rem.); Grice & Hulsemann, 1965 (p.229, fig.F);
Spinocalanus major Esterly, 1906 a (p.55, Rem.F); Sewell, 1948 (p.555, 562); in CalCOFI regional list (MDO, Nov. 2013; M. Ohman, comm. pers.);
S. pseudospinipes (F) Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (part., p.128, figs.F, no M); ? Deevey & Brooks, 1977 (p.256, Table 2,Rem.: p.287); S. sp. Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.131, fig.M);
? S. similis profundalis (F) Brodsky, 1955 a (part., p.185, figs.F, no M); ? S. terranovae : Mazzocchi & Ianora, 1991.

References

List of the studied authors

Brodsky, 1950 (1967) (p.136, figs.F,M, Rem.); Semenova, 1962 (p.1571, figs.F,M, Rem.); Park, 1970 (p.485, Rem.); Damkaer, 1975 (p.53, figs.F, M, Rem.); Roe, 1975 (p.300, figs.M, Rem.); Gardner & Szabo, 1982 (p.192, figs.F,M); Brodsky & al., 1983 (p.278, figs.F,M); Mazzocchi & al., 1995 (p.209, figs.F,M, Rem.); Bradford-Grieve & al., 1999 (p.878, 914, figs.F,M); Bode & al., 2017 (p.600, Table I, III, fig. 2, 3, 4, morphology vs genetic).

Figures

Plate 1 issued from : Sars G.O. in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. IV. Copepoda Calanoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1903. [Suppl. Pl.III]. As Spinocalanus abyssalis.
Male.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 2 of morphological figures

Plate 2 issued from : Brodsky K.A., Vyshkvartseva N.V., Kos M.S. & Markhaseva E.L. in Opred. Faune SSSR, 1983, 135. [p.279, Fig.131].
Female: a, habitus (dorsal view); b, idem (right side); Gnb= first inner lobe of Mx1; Md = masticatory edge of Md; Abd = distal end of prosome and urosome.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 3 of morphological figures

Plate 3 issued from : Brodsky K.A., Vyshkvartseva N.V., Kos M.S. & Markhaseva E.L. in Opred. Faune SSSR, 1983, 135. [p.280, Fig.132].
Male: a, habitus (dorsal view); b, idem (right side). lb = left; np = right.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 4 of morphological figures

Plate 4 issued from : D.M. Damkaer in NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-391, Seattle, 1975. [p.54, Fig.130-136, p.63, Fig.157].
Female: 130, basipod segments 1 and 2 of Mxp; 131, P2; 157, terminal segments of A1.

Male: 132, P1 (left); 133, P2 (left); 134, P3 (left); 135, P4 (left); 136, P5.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 5 of morphological figures

Plate 5 issued from : G.O. Sars in An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. IV. Copepoda Calanoida. Published by the Bergen Museum, 1903. [Pl. XII]. As Spinocalanus longicornis.
Female.
M = Md; m = Mx1; mp1 = Mx2; mp2 = Mxp.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 6 of morphological figures

Plate 6 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.211, Fig.3.38.1].
Female: A, habitus (dorsal); B, idem (lateral right side); C, urosome (dorsal); D, idem (lateral right side); E, P1; F, P2; G, P3; H, basipod 1 and 2 of P4.
Nota: Proportional lengths of urosomites and furca 37:17:16:19:11 = 100.

Male: I, habitus (dorsal); J, urosome (dorsal); K, P5.
Nota: Proportional lengths of urosomites and furca 11:35:20:21:3:10 = 100.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 7 of morphological figures

Plate 7 Issued from: M.G. Mazzocchi, G. Zagami, A. Ianora, L. Guglielmo & J. Hure in Atlas of Marine Zooplankton Straits of Magellan. Copepods. L. Guglielmo & A. Ianora (Eds.), 1995. [p.211, Fig.3.38.2].
Female (SEM preparation): B, urosome (lateral right side); C, idem (dorsal); D, forehead (ventral).

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 8 of morphological figures

Plate 8 Issued from : K.A. Brodskii in Calanoida of the Far Eastern Seas and Polar Basin of the USSR. Opred. Fauna SSSR, 1950, 35 (Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967) [p.128 , Fig.46]. As Spinocalanus pseudospinipes.
Female: habitus (dorsal and lateral right side); S1, P1; S2, P2. NP = northern part of Pacific Ocean).
Nota: Distal segment of exopod of P1 without spines on posterior surface. Terminal thoracic segment more smoothly-rounded in lateral view.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 9 of morphological figures

Plate 9 issued from : H.S.J. Roe in Bull; Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., London, 1975, 28 (7). [p.299, Fig.1].
Male (Cape Verde Islands): k, habitus (dorsal); l, A2; m, mandibular palp; n, Mx1; o, Mx2; ; p, Mxp; q, P1; r, P2; s, P3; t, P4; u, P5.Nota : Cephalothorax just over twice as long as the 5-segmented abdomen.
Head and 1st thoracic segment fused, 4th and 5th fused.
A1 22-segmented (without spines on the 1st segment), reaches to the hind edge of the 2nd abdominal segment.
The three inner lobes of Mx1 bear very rudimentary short setae.
The outer edge spine of the 1st exopodite segment of P1 is short.
P5 reaches back to the hind edge of the 2nd abdominal segment.

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 10 of morphological figures

Plate 10 issued from : C. With in The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 1915, III (4). [p.70, Text-Fig.15, a-c]. As Spinocalanus abyssalis.
Female (from 63°30'N, 54°25'W): a, last thoracic segments and urosome (lateral, left side).

Male: lateral thoracic corner (lateral); c, P5 (anterior).

Species Spinocalanus brevicaudatus - Plate 11 of morphological figures

Plate 11 issued from : C. With in The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 1915, III (4). [Pl. I, 10a, 10b]. As Spinocalanus abyssalis.
Female: 10a, oral surface of the labrum; 10b, lamina labialis.
Nota: Labrum : in front of the hinder margin in the middle a transverse row of long bristles is observed, but here none along the margin proper; laterally a series of short setae is observed (10a), and in front of these, partly on the oral surface, a group of short spines or granules is observed. Orally we find on each side an inner and an outer series of delicate bristles, arranged in a xhort posterior and a long anterior division. As far as the structure of the labium etc. is concerned (10b).

Plate 12 Issued from : M. Bode, S. Laakmann, P. Kaiser, W. Hagen, H. Auel & A. Cornils in J. Plankton Res., 2017, 39 (4). [p.604, Table I].
Species identified via morphological and molecular analyses, including the number of specimens used for each identification method (MI: morphological identification, COI: cytochrome c oxydase subunit I gene fragment, MS: MALDI-TOF analysis, 18 S: ribosomal 18 S gene fragment).
Cryptic lineages were revealed only after molecular analysis.
Sampling depth, latitude, total length (TL) and Prosome/Urosome ratio (Pr:Ur) of taxon were recorded.
morphological characters are only listed here, if the identification was ambiguous due to missing body parts or if cryptic or pseudocryptic lineages were revealed during molecular analyses.
For diagnostic character of species refer to the references: Park, 1970; Grice, 1971; Damkaer, 1975; Schulz, 1989, 1996.
C = coxa; B = basis; P = swimming legs; Exp = exopod.

Complementary References

List of the studied authors

Park, 1970 (p.475); Shih & al., 1971 (p.151); Vives, 1982 (p.290); Roe, 1984 (p.356); Shih & Marhue, 1991 (tab.3); Razouls & al., 2000 (p.343, Appendix); Galbraith, 2009 (pers. comm.); Medellin-Mora & Navas S., 2010 (p.265, Tab. 2)

Distribution

NZ: 14

Distribution map of Spinocalanus brevicaudatus by geographical zones

List species for the subzone North Sea of the Zone 9

Distribution map of Spinocalanus brevicaudatus for the Zone Indian Ocean

Distribution map of Spinocalanus brevicaudatus and for the Zone Sub-Antarctic

Localisations

Geographical glossary

sub-Antarct. (SE Pacif.), E Atlant. (3°N-25°S), SE Atlant., Namibia, Cape Verde Is., ? Mauritania, off W Cabo Finisterre, Caribbean Sea, Caribbean Colombia, G. of Mexico, ? Station "S" (32°10'N, 64°30'W), Newfoundland, Strait of Davis, S Iceland, NE Atlant., W Ireland, S Norway Sea, North Sea, W Indian, Japan, Pacif. (N & central), British Columbia, California, G. of California, off N Marquesas Is., Straits of Magellan

Quotations

N: 26

Dimensions (mm)

References of the authors concerning dimensions

(7) F: 1,86-1,73; M: 1,63; (8) M: 1,44-1,29; (13) F: 2,4-1,4; M: 1,9-1,5; (17) F: 1,6; (22) F: 1,86-1,6; M: 1,6; (36) F: 1,8-1,55; M: 1,57; (65) F: 1,6; (128) M: 1,62; (131) M: 1,72-1,3; (1252) F: 1,31-1,72; {F: 1,31-2,40; M: 1,29-1,90}
(1252) F: 2,7-3,9.

Remarks

Meso- to bathypelagic.
Sampling depth (sub-Antarct.) : 500-4000 m. 400-5000 m (in Bode & al., 2017)
Confusions between this species and S. abyssalis make some geographical localisations uncertain.
The sex of this species in Deevey & Brooks (1977) is not specified (See Remarks for S. pseudospinipes, but probably female.

Last update : 25/03/2020

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